-
1 Wort
Wort, I) Redeteil u. (bes. der Plur. »Worte«) Rede selbst: vocabulum (das Wort als durch Laute ausgedrückte Bezeichnung eines Gegenstandes, die Benennung; Plur. vocabula = »die Wörter« als Bestandteile der Sprache). – verbum (das Wort als durch die Rede oder Schrift ausgedrückter Sinn eines Gedachten [dah. auch kollektiv -Spruch, Ausspruch]; Plur. verba = »die Wörter« als Bestandteile der Rede). – vox (das Wort als laut gewordene Äußerung). – nomen (das Wort als einem Gegenstande vor andern bes. beigelegte Benennung, der Name). – sententia (Spruch, z.B. regalis sane et digna Aeacidum genere sententia). – proverbium (das Sprichwort. w. vgl.). – Hier ist zu bemerken, daß, wenn man im Deutschen sagt; »das Wort aratrum hat seinen Namen von arare«, es im Lateinischen heißen muß: verbum aratridicitur [2738] ab arando, od. bl. aratrum dicitur abarando. – einfache Wörter, voces simplices: zusammengesetzte Wörter; voces compositae. – jene herrlichen Worte des Pyrrhus über die Zurückgabe der Gefangenen, Pyrrhi de captis reddendis illa praeclara: das sind etwa Platos Worte, haec Platonis fere: treffend ist das W. (die Äußerung) des Kato, daß etc., scitum est illud Catonis mit Akk. u. Infin. – von Wort zu Wort, Wort für Wort, s. wörtlich. – den Worten nach, si verba spectas (wenn man auf die Worte sieht); verbo tenus. verbo. nomine (den bloßen Worten, dem Namen, dem Scheine nach, Ggstz. re, re ipsā, reverā): es bleibt mit etwas nur bei den Worten, alqd non ultra vocem excedit (z.B. cum libertas non ultra vocem excessisset). – auf mein W. hin, meo sermone (z.B. tui amans). – mit einem Worte, uno verbo (wenn nach Aufzählung verschiedener Teile zuletzt das Ganze mit einem Worte genannt wird, = um es mit einem Worte auszudrücken, s. Cic. Phil. 2, 54); ut paucis dicam oder absolvam. quid multa? quid opus est verbis? ne multa! ne plura! (wenn man sich übh. nach längerer Rede kurz faßt = um nicht viele Worte zu machen, mit kurzen Worten; vgl. »kurz no. I« die übrigen Synon.): mit drei (mit ein paar) Worten, tribus verbis (z.B. haec omnia tribus verbis): sage es mit einem W.!verbo expedi!: nun kein Wort mehr! verbum non amplius addam! nihil verbi addam! ich will nichts mehr sagen, hinzufügen); tace! (schweige): verliere kein W.! schweige! verba ne facias! tace!: sprich kein W. davon! verbum unum ne faxis cave!: sprich kein W. von der Hochzeit! verbum unum cave de nuptiis!: nur auf ein paar Worte! nur auf drei Worte! paucis te volo! paucis audi! tribus verbis te volo!: dafür haben wir kein Wort, huic rei deest apud nos vocabulum: es fehlt ihm (beim Vortrag) kein W., in nullo verbo eum memoria decipit; numquam inopiā verbi subsistit: es steht von etw. kein W. in ihren Schriften, de alqa re littera nullain eorum libris invenitur: er hat mir kein W. gesagt, non mihi verbum fecit: kein W. davon sagen od. reden, haec secum habere: kein W. gegen irgend jmd. sagen, verlieren, numquam cuiquam verbum facere: das sind leere Worte, verba istaec sunt: leere Worte machen, inanes voces fundere: vergebliche Worte machen, verba frustra consumere; voces irritas mittere (vgl. »tauben Ohren predigen« unter »taub«): über etwas viele Worte machen, de alqa re plurimum dicere: ich kann nicht Worte genug finden, um dir zu danken, daß du etc., quibus verbis tibi gratias agamnon reperio, quod etc.: mit zwei Worten etwas sagen, parvā significatione ostendere alqd: nicht vieler Worte bedürfen, nonegere multae orationis: sich in Worten vergehen, intra verba peccare: bei den Worten stehen bleiben, nihil ultra verba audere: Worte mit jmd. wechseln, verba commutare cum alqo (im friedlichen Sinne, z.B. numquam hodie pater tecum commutabit unum verbum: u. tria verba hodie non commutabitis inter vos); altercari cum [2739] alqo (einen Wortwechsel, Zankmit jmd. haben): kein unfreundliches W. mit jmd. wechseln, nullo verbo concertare cum alqo: vertrauliche Reden mit jmd. wechseln, sermones familiares conferre cum alqo: ich lasse kein unfreundliches W. über meine Lippen kommen, mitto maledicta omnia: kein W. reden, nullum omnino verbum facere: jmd. nicht zu Worte kommen lassen, alqm loqui volentem inhibere (jmd., der reden will, daran hindern); prima statim verba praecīdere (sogleich die ersten Worte abschneiden); plura rogantis verba intercīdere (einen Bittenden nicht weiter reden lassen, sondern seine Bitte gewähren): nicht zu W. kommen können, loqui non posse: jmdm. das W. lassen, loquenti aures praebere: das W. nehmen, ergreifen, loqui incipere; ordiri; exordiri: nach jmd. das W. nehmen, alqm excipere; post alqm verba facere: jmdm. ins W. fallen, alqm interpellare: in die Worte ausbrechen, sie verba facere (also sprechen); haec intonare (also donnernd sprechen); sie vociferari (also laut ausrufen): dann brach jener in die Worte aus, bloß tum ille (z.B. tum Hannibal prior): das W. führen, solum loqui (allein reden); oratoris partes agere (die Rolle des Redners haben); verba facere (den Redner machen, das Wort nehmen, ergreifen, seine Worte anbringen): das W. für. jmd. führen, pro alqo loqui, verba facere (statt jmds. reden); pro alqo dicere. alcis causam defendere (jmd. verteidigen): das letzte W. behalten, ad extremum obloqui: jmdm. kein Wort abgewinnen können, ex alqo verbum elicere od. vocem exprimere non posse: jmdm. gute Worte geben, precibus alqm obsecrare: jmdm. die besten Worte geben, etiam atque etiam alqm rogare atque orare (jmd. dringend bit ten); alci mirifice blandiri, wegen etc., de mit Abl. (jmdm. außerordentlich schmeicheln): ein gutes W. findet eine gute Statt, precibus est locus: etwas nicht W. haben wollen, s. leugnen: jmdm. oder einer Sache das W. reden, alqm od. alqd defendere: jmdm. nachdrücklich das W. reden, acerrimum alcis defensorem se ostendere: jmdm. das W. (die Ermächtigung zu reden) geben, potestatem facere dicendi. – das freie W., libertas dicendi: das W. Gottes (d.i. die Heilige Schrift), s. Bibel. – II) Versprechen (vgl. »Ehrenwort no. II.«): fides. – sein W. geben, fidem dare; jmdm., fidem suam alci astringere: einander das W. geben, fidem dare inter se: sein W. auf etwas geben, fidem suam in alqd interponere; hinsichtlich einer Pers., fidem alci recipere de alqo: ein Mann von W. sein, sein W. – zu halten pflegen, bonae fidei esse: sein W. halten, fidem servare od. conservare: von beiden Seiten hielt man W., utrimque fides constitit: er hielt mit seinen Drohungen W., haud irritae cecidere minae: halte W.! cave aliter facias!: sein W. nicht halten, fidem fallere od. mutare od. frustrari; fidem non servare: sein W. brechen, fidem frangere od. violare.
-
2 ratio
rătĭo, ōnis, f. [reor, ratus] - voir l'article ratio de Gaffiot. [st1]1 [-] calcul. - digitis rationem computare, Plaut. Mil. 204: compter sur ses doigts. - rationem puta, Plaut. Most. 297: compte, calcule. - ratione inita, Caes. BG. 7, 71, 4: le calcul fait, tout compte fait. - au fig. vix ratio iniri potest... Caes. BG. 7, 24, 4 ; Liv. 29, 17, 19: c'est à peine possible de calculer (de déterminer)... - au fig. subducta utilitatis ratione, Cic. Fin. 2, 78: en faisant le calcul de l'intérêt. - rationem ducere, Cic. Verr. 2, 129: calculer, supputer. - au plur. rationibus subductis, Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 10: après avoir établi mes calculs. - au fig. periculi sui rationes, Cic. Verr. 5, 105: les calculs de ses risques. [st1]2 [-] résultat du calcul, évaluation, chiffre. - istaec ratio maxumast, Plaut. Trin. 413: c'est là le plus gros chiffre. - ad mensurae exiguam rationem, Cic. Verr. 3, 215: selon une faible évaluation de la mesure, selon une mesure chichement établie. - ad nostrorum annalium rationem, Cic. Br. 49: par rapport à l'évaluation de nos annales, par rapport au chiffre de nos années d'existence historique (cf. ut populi Romani aetas est, Cic. Br. 39: par rapport à l'âge du peuple romain). - pro ratione pecuniae, Cic. Att. 6, 35: vu l'évaluation de la somme, vu le chiffre. - au fig. ad meam rationem, Cic. Verr. 4, 13: par rapport à moi. - ad antiquae religionis rationem, Cic. Verr. 4, 10, par rapport aux scrupules d'autrefois. [st1]3 [-] compte (au pr. et au fig.) - putatur ratio cum argentario... Plaut. Aul. 527: on fait le compte avec le banquier... - ubi disputatast ratio cum argentario, Plaut. Aul. 528: quand on s'est mis d'accord sur le compte avec le banquier. - ratio acceptorum et datorum, Cic. Lael.: les recettes et les dépenses, la balance. - ratio accepti atque expensi, Plaut.: les recettes et les dépenses, la balance. - bene ratio accepti atque expensi inter nos convenit, Plaut. Most. 304: nous avons des comptes de recettes et dépenses qui se balancent exactement. - ut par sit ratio acceptorum et datorum, Cic. Lael. 59: pour que la balance soit égale entre le reçu et le donné. - rationem et numerum habere, Cic. Verr. 5, 71: avoir le compte et le chiffre exacts. - rationem habere + gén. ou ut + subj.: tenir compte de, se soucier de, se rendre compte de, prendre en compte. - ejus absentis rationem habere, Caes. BC. 1: tenir compte de son absence. - habere rationem posteritatis, Caes. BC. 1, 13: tenir compte de l'avenir. - salutis suae rationem ducere, Cic.: tenir compte de son salut, songer à son salut. - habebant rationem quotidie piratarum, Cic. Verr. 5, 71: ils tenaient un compte journalier des pirates, cf. Caes. BG. 6, 19, 2. - habenda ratio est ut... Cic. Lael. 24, 89: il faut prendre soin de... - avec sub. inter. habeo rationem quid a populo Romano acceperim, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 14 § 36: je me rends compte de ce que j'ai reçu du peuple romain. - neque illud rationis habuisti, eam provinciam ad summam stultitiam venisse, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 15: et tu ne t'es pas rendu compte que cette fonction était tombée sur le plus fou des hommes. - quibus in tabulis nominatim ratio confecta erat, qui numerus domo exisset, Caes. BG. 1, 29, 1: sur ces registres était consigné un compte nominatif de tous ceux qui avaient émigré, cf. Cic. Phil. 5, 16. - rationem reddere, Plaut. Men. 206; Cic. Verr. 4. 140: rendre un compte, remettre un compte. - quattuor minae periere, ut ratio redditur, Plaut. Men. 1, 3, 23: les quatre mines sont perdues quand on fait le compte. - rationem referre, Cic. Verr. 1, 98: rendre un compte, remettre un compte. - pecuniam in rationem inducere, Cic. Verr. 1, 106: porter une somme en compte. - septem millia. Py. tantum esse oportet: recte rationem tenes, Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 47: sept mille. Py. ça doit être tout: tu comptes bien. - grandem (pecuniam) quemadmodum in rationem inducerent, non videbant, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 41, 106: ils ne voyaient pas de quelle manière ils pourraient porter en compte une somme considérable. - digitis rationem computare, Plaut. Mil.: compter sur ses doigts. - au plur. rationes referre, Cic. Fam. 5, 20, 1; rationes conferre, Cic. Fam. 5, 20, 2 ; rationes conficere, Cic. Att. 6, 7, 2: rendre, remettre des comptes; les rapprocher, les collationner, les dresser; les arrêter d'une manière définitive. - rationes deponere, Cic. Fam. 5, 20, 2 ; rationes relinquere, Cic. Att. 6, 7, 2: déposer ses comptes (en parl. du magistrat qui quitte sa prov.), les laisser (dans les deux principales villes de la province, Cic. Fam. 5, 20, 2). - rationes totidem verbis referre ad aerarium, Cic. Fam. 5, 20, 2: remettre au trésor une copie textuelle de ses comptes. - rationes societatis, Cic. Quinct. 19: les comptes d'une société. - au fig. rationem reddere alicujus rei, Cic. Caec. 28: rendre compte de qqch. - rationem reddere de aliqua re, Cic. Verr. 4, 141: rendre compte de qqch. - uter igitur facilius suae sententiae rationem redderet, isne qui... an ille qui...? Cic. Clu.: qui donc rendrait plus facilement compte de son vote, celui qui... ou celui qui...? - tibi ego rationem reddam? Plaut. Aul. 1, 1, 6: faut-il que je te rende des comptes? - ab aliquo rationem reposcere, Caes. BG. 5, 30, 2: réclamer des comptes à qqn. - ut habere rationem possis, quo loco me... convenias, Cic. Fam. 3, 6, 6: pour que tu puisses calculer l'endroit où me joindre... - clarorum virorum non minus otii quam negotii rationem exstare oportere, Cic. Planc. 66: (ce mot de Caton) que les grands hommes doivent produire le compte (la justification) aussi bien de leurs loisirs que de leurs occupations. - petitionis tuae ratio mihi semper fuit explorata, Cic. Fam. 15, 13, 1: j'ai toujours considéré le compte de ta candidature comme réglé (le succès assuré). - non habet explicatam aut exploratam rationem salutis suae, Cic. Fam. 6, 1: l'affaire de son salut n'est pas mise au net pour lui ni assurée. - corporis bona facilem quamdam rationem habere censebant, Cic. Fin. 4, 19: les biens du corps, selon eux, comportaient un règlement facile (question facile à résoudre). [st1]4 [-] registre, rôle. - ratio carceris, Cic. Verr. 5, 147: le registre d'écrou. - rationes imperii, Suet. Calig. 16.: les comptes de l'empire. [st1]5 [-] compte des opérations que l'on fait avec qqn, relations commerciales, d'intérêts; affaires, intérêts. - magnae pecuniae rationem habere cum aliquo, Cic. Verr. 2, 187: être en compte avec qqn pour des sommes importantes. - istos inter se non res, non ratio conjunxit, Cic. Verr. 3, 22: ces individus furent unis entre eux non point par les affaires, non point par les comptes. - cf. Cic. Verr. 2. 172; 5, 8 ; Plaut. Amp. 4; Plaut. Ps. 626. - de tota illa ratione atque re Gallicana, Cic. Quinct. 15: sur tout ce qui concernait ces opérations et ces propriétés de Gaule. - omnes, quibuscum ratio huic aut est aut fuit, Cic. Quinct. 75: tous ceux avec qui il est ou a été en relations d'affaires. - quae ratio tibi cum eo intercesserat? Cic. Com. 41: quel compte était intervenu entre lui et toi? cf. Cic. Verr. 2, 188. - magnā ratione cum aliquo contractā, Cic. Sull. 56: un grand compte étant à régler avec qqn. - haec ratio pecuniarum, Cic. Pomp. 19: ces comptes d'argent, ce mouvement d'argent. - au fig. agricolae habent rationem cum terra, Cic. CM 51: les laboureurs sont en affaires avec le sol, ont affaire au sol. - cum omnibus Musis rationem habere, Cic. Att. 2, 5, 2: nouer des relations, entrer en commerce avec toutes les Muses. - pacis quae potest esse cum eo ratio? Cic. Phil. 4, 14: quels rapports la paix peut-elle avoir avec lui? - publicani suas rationes et copias in illam provinciam contulerunt, Cic. Pomp. 17: les publicains ont transporté dans cette province leurs intérêts et leurs ressources. - non est alienum meis rationibus istum... reservari, Cic. Verr. 5, 173: il n'est pas contraire à mes intérêts que cet homme soit réservé à... ; cf. Cic. Fam. 3, 10, 5. [st1]6 [-] calcul, compte, considération, égard. - rationem alicujus rei ducere, Cic. Amer. 128: tenir compte de qqch, cf. Cic. Caecil. 16 ; Quinct. 53 ; Fam. 7, 3, 1. - duxi meam rationem, Cic. Att. 8, 11 D, 7: j'ai tenu compte de moi, de mes intérêts, cf. Cic. Verr. 1, 126. - valetudinis, rei familiaris habere rationem, Cic. Fin. 5, 48: tenir compte de sa santé, de son patrimoine. - habuit victoriae rationem, habuit humanitatis, Cic. Verr. 4, 120: il tint compte de.. = il fit la part de la victoire, la part de l'humanité. - sauciorum et aegrorum habitā ratione, Caes. BC. 3, 75, 1: en tenant compte des..., en ayant égard aux blessés et aux malades. - hanc rationem habere, Cic. Verr. 5, 101 = hujus rei rationem: tenir compte de cela, réfléchir à cela. - habeo rationem quid... acceperim, Cic. Verr. 5, 36: je me rends compte de la mission que j'ai reçue... - neque illud rationis habuisti + prop. inf. Cic. Verr. 5, 38: tu n'as pas pris en considération que..., cf. Cic. Verr. 2, 70. - habuisti rationem, ut mihi consuleres, Cic. Fam. 3, 5, 1: tu as pris en considération (de veiller à mes intérêts) le soin de mes intérêts. - occurrebat illa ratio: quid Cleomene fiet? Cic. Verr. 5, 104: à sa pensée se présentait ce calcul (ces considérations, réflexions): quel sera le sort de Cléomène? - similis ratio pudoris, Cic. Caec. 77: la même considération de pudeur. - praecipere tempestatum rationem et praedonum et locorum, Cic. Mur. 4: enseigner la considération de = recommander d'avoir égard aux tempêtes, aux pirates, aux passages dangereux. - propter rationem brevitatis, Cic. Verr. 1, 103: en considération de la brièveté. - propter aerariam rationem, Cic. Quinct. 17: parce qu'il fallait tenir compte de la monnaie (de la différence des monnaies). [st1]7 [-] système, procédé, méthode, plan... - tua ratio est, ut... Cic. Verr. pr. 34: ta méthode est de..., cf. Cic. de Or. 2, 292. - inita ratio est, ut... Cic. Rep. 2, 61: on inaugura un nouveau système, à savoir... - reperta est eadem istius ratio in praesidiis, quae in classibus, Cic. Verr. 5, 87: son système se retrouva le même en fait de garnisons qu'en fait de flottes. - haec in philosophia ratio contra omnia disserendi, Cic. Nat. 1, 11: cette méthode philosophique d'argumenter contre tout. - vitae meae rationes ab ineunte aetate susceptae, Cic. Pomp. 1: le plan de conduite que j'ai adopté depuis ma jeunesse. - novae bellandi rationes, Caes. BC. 3, 50, 1: de nouvelles méthodes de guerroyer. - magis decernendi ratio quam decertandi fortitudo, Cic. Off. 1, 80: ** la méthode qui consiste à trancher (un conflit)** = le règlement concerté plutôt que le courage placé dans un combat. - ratio inveniendi officii, Cic. Off. 1, 107 (= inventio officii): la découverte du devoir. - quae omnia perfacilem rationem habent reprehendendi, Cic. Col. 62: tout cela comporte une critique très facile. - ratio rogandi, Cic. Inv. 52: le procédé de l'interrogation, l'interrogation. - ratio disserendi, Cic. Br. 120: l'art d'argumenter, la dialectique. - praecipiendi ratio, Cic. Q. 1, 1, 18: le ton du précepte. [st1]8 [-] évaluation d'une chose: système, manière d'être, aspect, état, disposition, régime... - cum duplex ratio sit orationis, Cic. Off. 2, 48: comme la parole (l'éloquence) a deux formes. - judicia, quorum ratio duplex est, Cic. Off. 2, 49: les affaires judiciaires qui ont une double modalité (l'accusation, la défense), cf. Cic. Off. 2, 52. - explicare rationes rerum civilium, Cic. Rep. 1, 13: exposer les systèmes, les organisations, les régimes politiques. - ratio comitiorum, Cic. Mur. 35: le régime des comices, des élections. - propter rationem Gallici belli, Cic. Prov. 19: à cause du caractère particulier de la guerre contre les Gaulois. - tripartita ab iis inducitur ratio bonorum, Cic. Ac. 1, 21: ils présentent trois espèces de biens. - castrensis ratio, Cic. Col. 11: la manière des camps, la vie des camps. - ad novos casus temporum novorum consiliorum rationes accommodare, Cic. Pomp. 60: à des conjonctures nouvelles approprier un système de mesures nouvelles. - hoc genus inest in ratione rerum, Cic. de Or. 2, 47: ce genre est dans la nature des choses. - rerum ratio, verborum ratio, Cic. de Or. 2, 63: l'économie des faits, des mots, disposition des faits, des mots. - mentis ratio perfecta, Cic. Fin. 5, 40: un parfait état de l'intelligence. - ratio atque inclinatio temporum, Cic. Verr. 5, 177: l'état des circonstances et le sens où elles inclinent. - mei rationem officii confido esse persolutam, Cic. Verr. 5, 177, j'ai la conviction que tout ce que comporte mon devoir est accompli. - quemadmodum esset ei ratio totius belli descripta, edocui, Cic. Cat. 2, 13: j'ai montré comment le plan de toute la guerre était arrêté pour lui. - ratio ordoque agminis, Caes. BG. 2, 19, 1: la disposition et l'ordre de la colonne. - rationem pontis hanc instituit, Caes. BG. 4, 17, 3: il fixa pour le pont la disposition suivante. - instituta ratio, Cic. Or. 162: plan fixé. - ratio judiciorum, Cic Br. 306: organisation, fonctionnement des tribunaux. - ratio rerum civilium, Cic. Rep. 2, 52: une organisation politique. - rationes civitatum, Cic. Rep. 2, 22: des organisations politiques. - haec eadem est nostrae rationis regio et via, Cic. Verr. 5, 181: voilà également la direction et la voie (**de mon système, de mon plan de vie**), que ma vie se propose. - eadem ratione, Cic. Cat. 3, 11: de la même manière. - eadem ratione, qua pridie... Caes. BG. 5, 40, 3: de la même manière que la veille. - longe alia ratione... atque... Caes. BG. 7, 14, 2: d'une tout autre manière que... - omni ratione, Caes. BC. 1, 65, 5: par tous les moyens. - nulla ratione, Caes. BC. 1, 70: par aucun moyen, cf. Caes. BC 3, 85, 2 ; Cic. Balb. 62. - quibus rationibus, Caes. BC. 3, 83, 4: par quels moyens, cf. Caes. BC. 3, 18; 3, 58; Cic. CM 6 ; etc. - honestis rationibus, Cic. R. Post. 38: par des moyens honorables. [st1]9 [-] évaluation de ce que comporte, de ce qu'embrasse une chose: son champ, son domaine, sa sphère, son cadre; parti (politique). - in rationem utilitatis cadere, Cic. Off. 1, 9: rentrer dans le calcul de l'utile = se rapporter à l'utile, au domaine, au chapitre de l'utile. - haec res non solum ex domestica est ratione, attingit etiam bellicam, Cic. Off. 1, 76: cet acte n'est pas seulement de l'ordre des faits civils, il touche aussi à l'ordre des faits guerriers. - in dissimili ratione, Cic. Cat. 2, 9: dans une autre sphère, dans un ordre de choses différent. - in eam rationem loqui, Cic. Verr. 1, 69, parler dans cet ordre d'idées, dans ce sens. - epistolis tuis in eamdem rationem scriptis, Cic. Att. 1, 11, 1: tes lettres étant écrites dans le même sens. - popularis ratio, Cic. Sest. 101: démocratie, parti démocratique, cf. Cic. Balb. 58. [st1]10 [-] faculté de calculer, de raisonner, raison, jugement, intelligence; manière de faire raisonnable, judicieuse. - homo, quod rationis est particeps, Cic. Off. 1, 11: l'homme, parce qu'il a en partage la raison. - recta ratio, absoluta ratio, Cic. Tusc 4, 34; 5, 39: droite raison, raison parfaite. - minari ratio non erat, Cic Verr. pr. 24: il n'était pas raisonnable de menacer. - nulla ratio est amittere... Cic. Caec. 15: ce n'est pas du tout raisonnable de laisser échapper... - ratione voluptatem sequi, Cic. Fin. 1, 32: rechercher le plaisir judicieusement. - ratione facere, Cic. Att. 12, 4, 3: agir judicieusement. - intervallis pro rata parte ratione distinctis, Cic. Rep. 6, 18: avec des intervalles calculés suivant des proportions judicieuses. - declinatio, cum ratione fiet... Cic. Tusc. 4, 13: quand on se détournera du mal par des moyens raisonnables... [st1]11 [-] explication qui rend compte d'une chose, explication, raison. - causa et ratio efficiens magnos viros, Cic. Off. 1, 67: la cause et la raison qui produisent les grandes âmes. - quorum omnium causas si a Chrysippo quaeram, numquam illa dicet facta fortuito naturalemque rationem omnium reddet, Cic. Div. 2, 61: si je demande à Chrysippe la cause de tous ces phénomènes, jamais il ne dira qu'ils sont l'effet du hasard, il donnera de tous une explication naturelle. - quorum omnium una ratio est, Cic. Div. 2, 60: pour tous ces phénomènes, il n'y a qu'une seule explication. - tempestates saepe improviso nulla ex certa ratione, obscura aliqua ex causa concitantur, Cic. Mur 36: les tempêtes souvent s'élèvent à l'improviste sans que rien de précis les explique, par on ne sait quelle cause obscure. - facti si non bonam, at aliquam rationem adferre, Cic. Verr. 3, 195: donner d'une action une raison sinon bonne du moins existante. - mei consilii causa ratioque, Cic. Caecil. 1: la cause et la raison de ma détermination. [st1]12 [-] raison, considération, raisonnement; argumentation; ce qui est fondé sur la raison. - aliquid confirmare argumentis ac rationibus, Cic. de Or. 2, 80: prouver qqch par des arguments et des raisonnements, cf. Cic. Or. 44. - rationibus conquisitis, Cic. Fin. 1, 31: avec des considérations bien choisies, cf. Cic. Tusc. 1, 116, Rep. 1, 4, etc. - bonae tuae istae rationes, Ter. Ad. 836: ces belles considérations que tu débites. - causae ratio, Cic. Inv. 1, 18: le raisonnement sur lequel repose une cause. - nihil rationis adfers, quamobrem adimi civitas possit, Cic. Caec. 96: tu n'apportes aucune raison qui justifie qu'on puisse enlever le droit de cité, cf. Cic. Verr. 2, 115. - rationem concludere, Cic. Nat. 2, 22: conclure un raisonnement, cf. Cic. Nat. 3, 23; Div. 2, 25; etc. - necessaria mathematicorum ratione concludere, Cic. Fin. 5, 9: arriver à des conclusions par la rigueur d'un raisonnement mathématique. - quae ratione docentur et via, Cic. Or. 116, ce que l'on enseigne d'une façon rationnelle et méthodique, cf. Cic. Or. 10; Fin 1, 29. - ratione et numero moveri, Cic. Nat. 2, 43: avoir des mouvements rationnels et rythmés. [st1]13 [-] théorie, principes théoriques, doctrine, système scientifique, art. - sine ulla arte aut ratione, quae sint in artibus ac rationibus recta ac prava, dijudicant, Cic. de Or. 3, 195: sans posséder aucune science particulière, aucune connaissance théorique, ils savent discerner dans les réalisations des sciences et des théories ce qui est bien et mal. - de ratione Latine loquendi scripsit, Cic. Br. 253: il écrivit sur la théorie du pur langage latin. - rei militaris ratio et ordo, Caes. BG. 2, 22, 1: les règles théoriques et le dispositif que fixe l'art militaire, cf. Caes. BG 4, 23, 5. - ratio atque usus belli, Caes. BG. 4, 1, 6: la théorie et la pratique de la guerre, cf. Cic. de Or. 3, 80. - Epicuri ratio, Cic. Fin. 1, 13: la théorie d'Epicure. - Cynicorum ratio, Cic. Off. 1, 148: la doctrine des Cyniques. - (si est in me) hujus rei ratio aliqua, Cic. Arch. 1: si j'ai en la matière quelques connaissances théoriques. - mea sic est ratio, Ter. Ad. 60: voici ma théorie, ma doctrine, cf. Cic. Fin. 5, 12; Tusc. 5, 108, etc. - oratio quidem ipsa propria est hujus unius rationis, de qua quaerimus, Cic. de Or, 1, 49: en tout cas le style lui-même appartient uniquement à cet art sur lequel porte notre enquête. - ratio dicendi: (souvent) art oratoire, cf. Cic. de Or. 1, 4 ; 1, 12, etc.* * *rătĭo, ōnis, f. [reor, ratus] - voir l'article ratio de Gaffiot. [st1]1 [-] calcul. - digitis rationem computare, Plaut. Mil. 204: compter sur ses doigts. - rationem puta, Plaut. Most. 297: compte, calcule. - ratione inita, Caes. BG. 7, 71, 4: le calcul fait, tout compte fait. - au fig. vix ratio iniri potest... Caes. BG. 7, 24, 4 ; Liv. 29, 17, 19: c'est à peine possible de calculer (de déterminer)... - au fig. subducta utilitatis ratione, Cic. Fin. 2, 78: en faisant le calcul de l'intérêt. - rationem ducere, Cic. Verr. 2, 129: calculer, supputer. - au plur. rationibus subductis, Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 10: après avoir établi mes calculs. - au fig. periculi sui rationes, Cic. Verr. 5, 105: les calculs de ses risques. [st1]2 [-] résultat du calcul, évaluation, chiffre. - istaec ratio maxumast, Plaut. Trin. 413: c'est là le plus gros chiffre. - ad mensurae exiguam rationem, Cic. Verr. 3, 215: selon une faible évaluation de la mesure, selon une mesure chichement établie. - ad nostrorum annalium rationem, Cic. Br. 49: par rapport à l'évaluation de nos annales, par rapport au chiffre de nos années d'existence historique (cf. ut populi Romani aetas est, Cic. Br. 39: par rapport à l'âge du peuple romain). - pro ratione pecuniae, Cic. Att. 6, 35: vu l'évaluation de la somme, vu le chiffre. - au fig. ad meam rationem, Cic. Verr. 4, 13: par rapport à moi. - ad antiquae religionis rationem, Cic. Verr. 4, 10, par rapport aux scrupules d'autrefois. [st1]3 [-] compte (au pr. et au fig.) - putatur ratio cum argentario... Plaut. Aul. 527: on fait le compte avec le banquier... - ubi disputatast ratio cum argentario, Plaut. Aul. 528: quand on s'est mis d'accord sur le compte avec le banquier. - ratio acceptorum et datorum, Cic. Lael.: les recettes et les dépenses, la balance. - ratio accepti atque expensi, Plaut.: les recettes et les dépenses, la balance. - bene ratio accepti atque expensi inter nos convenit, Plaut. Most. 304: nous avons des comptes de recettes et dépenses qui se balancent exactement. - ut par sit ratio acceptorum et datorum, Cic. Lael. 59: pour que la balance soit égale entre le reçu et le donné. - rationem et numerum habere, Cic. Verr. 5, 71: avoir le compte et le chiffre exacts. - rationem habere + gén. ou ut + subj.: tenir compte de, se soucier de, se rendre compte de, prendre en compte. - ejus absentis rationem habere, Caes. BC. 1: tenir compte de son absence. - habere rationem posteritatis, Caes. BC. 1, 13: tenir compte de l'avenir. - salutis suae rationem ducere, Cic.: tenir compte de son salut, songer à son salut. - habebant rationem quotidie piratarum, Cic. Verr. 5, 71: ils tenaient un compte journalier des pirates, cf. Caes. BG. 6, 19, 2. - habenda ratio est ut... Cic. Lael. 24, 89: il faut prendre soin de... - avec sub. inter. habeo rationem quid a populo Romano acceperim, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 14 § 36: je me rends compte de ce que j'ai reçu du peuple romain. - neque illud rationis habuisti, eam provinciam ad summam stultitiam venisse, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 15: et tu ne t'es pas rendu compte que cette fonction était tombée sur le plus fou des hommes. - quibus in tabulis nominatim ratio confecta erat, qui numerus domo exisset, Caes. BG. 1, 29, 1: sur ces registres était consigné un compte nominatif de tous ceux qui avaient émigré, cf. Cic. Phil. 5, 16. - rationem reddere, Plaut. Men. 206; Cic. Verr. 4. 140: rendre un compte, remettre un compte. - quattuor minae periere, ut ratio redditur, Plaut. Men. 1, 3, 23: les quatre mines sont perdues quand on fait le compte. - rationem referre, Cic. Verr. 1, 98: rendre un compte, remettre un compte. - pecuniam in rationem inducere, Cic. Verr. 1, 106: porter une somme en compte. - septem millia. Py. tantum esse oportet: recte rationem tenes, Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 47: sept mille. Py. ça doit être tout: tu comptes bien. - grandem (pecuniam) quemadmodum in rationem inducerent, non videbant, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 41, 106: ils ne voyaient pas de quelle manière ils pourraient porter en compte une somme considérable. - digitis rationem computare, Plaut. Mil.: compter sur ses doigts. - au plur. rationes referre, Cic. Fam. 5, 20, 1; rationes conferre, Cic. Fam. 5, 20, 2 ; rationes conficere, Cic. Att. 6, 7, 2: rendre, remettre des comptes; les rapprocher, les collationner, les dresser; les arrêter d'une manière définitive. - rationes deponere, Cic. Fam. 5, 20, 2 ; rationes relinquere, Cic. Att. 6, 7, 2: déposer ses comptes (en parl. du magistrat qui quitte sa prov.), les laisser (dans les deux principales villes de la province, Cic. Fam. 5, 20, 2). - rationes totidem verbis referre ad aerarium, Cic. Fam. 5, 20, 2: remettre au trésor une copie textuelle de ses comptes. - rationes societatis, Cic. Quinct. 19: les comptes d'une société. - au fig. rationem reddere alicujus rei, Cic. Caec. 28: rendre compte de qqch. - rationem reddere de aliqua re, Cic. Verr. 4, 141: rendre compte de qqch. - uter igitur facilius suae sententiae rationem redderet, isne qui... an ille qui...? Cic. Clu.: qui donc rendrait plus facilement compte de son vote, celui qui... ou celui qui...? - tibi ego rationem reddam? Plaut. Aul. 1, 1, 6: faut-il que je te rende des comptes? - ab aliquo rationem reposcere, Caes. BG. 5, 30, 2: réclamer des comptes à qqn. - ut habere rationem possis, quo loco me... convenias, Cic. Fam. 3, 6, 6: pour que tu puisses calculer l'endroit où me joindre... - clarorum virorum non minus otii quam negotii rationem exstare oportere, Cic. Planc. 66: (ce mot de Caton) que les grands hommes doivent produire le compte (la justification) aussi bien de leurs loisirs que de leurs occupations. - petitionis tuae ratio mihi semper fuit explorata, Cic. Fam. 15, 13, 1: j'ai toujours considéré le compte de ta candidature comme réglé (le succès assuré). - non habet explicatam aut exploratam rationem salutis suae, Cic. Fam. 6, 1: l'affaire de son salut n'est pas mise au net pour lui ni assurée. - corporis bona facilem quamdam rationem habere censebant, Cic. Fin. 4, 19: les biens du corps, selon eux, comportaient un règlement facile (question facile à résoudre). [st1]4 [-] registre, rôle. - ratio carceris, Cic. Verr. 5, 147: le registre d'écrou. - rationes imperii, Suet. Calig. 16.: les comptes de l'empire. [st1]5 [-] compte des opérations que l'on fait avec qqn, relations commerciales, d'intérêts; affaires, intérêts. - magnae pecuniae rationem habere cum aliquo, Cic. Verr. 2, 187: être en compte avec qqn pour des sommes importantes. - istos inter se non res, non ratio conjunxit, Cic. Verr. 3, 22: ces individus furent unis entre eux non point par les affaires, non point par les comptes. - cf. Cic. Verr. 2. 172; 5, 8 ; Plaut. Amp. 4; Plaut. Ps. 626. - de tota illa ratione atque re Gallicana, Cic. Quinct. 15: sur tout ce qui concernait ces opérations et ces propriétés de Gaule. - omnes, quibuscum ratio huic aut est aut fuit, Cic. Quinct. 75: tous ceux avec qui il est ou a été en relations d'affaires. - quae ratio tibi cum eo intercesserat? Cic. Com. 41: quel compte était intervenu entre lui et toi? cf. Cic. Verr. 2, 188. - magnā ratione cum aliquo contractā, Cic. Sull. 56: un grand compte étant à régler avec qqn. - haec ratio pecuniarum, Cic. Pomp. 19: ces comptes d'argent, ce mouvement d'argent. - au fig. agricolae habent rationem cum terra, Cic. CM 51: les laboureurs sont en affaires avec le sol, ont affaire au sol. - cum omnibus Musis rationem habere, Cic. Att. 2, 5, 2: nouer des relations, entrer en commerce avec toutes les Muses. - pacis quae potest esse cum eo ratio? Cic. Phil. 4, 14: quels rapports la paix peut-elle avoir avec lui? - publicani suas rationes et copias in illam provinciam contulerunt, Cic. Pomp. 17: les publicains ont transporté dans cette province leurs intérêts et leurs ressources. - non est alienum meis rationibus istum... reservari, Cic. Verr. 5, 173: il n'est pas contraire à mes intérêts que cet homme soit réservé à... ; cf. Cic. Fam. 3, 10, 5. [st1]6 [-] calcul, compte, considération, égard. - rationem alicujus rei ducere, Cic. Amer. 128: tenir compte de qqch, cf. Cic. Caecil. 16 ; Quinct. 53 ; Fam. 7, 3, 1. - duxi meam rationem, Cic. Att. 8, 11 D, 7: j'ai tenu compte de moi, de mes intérêts, cf. Cic. Verr. 1, 126. - valetudinis, rei familiaris habere rationem, Cic. Fin. 5, 48: tenir compte de sa santé, de son patrimoine. - habuit victoriae rationem, habuit humanitatis, Cic. Verr. 4, 120: il tint compte de.. = il fit la part de la victoire, la part de l'humanité. - sauciorum et aegrorum habitā ratione, Caes. BC. 3, 75, 1: en tenant compte des..., en ayant égard aux blessés et aux malades. - hanc rationem habere, Cic. Verr. 5, 101 = hujus rei rationem: tenir compte de cela, réfléchir à cela. - habeo rationem quid... acceperim, Cic. Verr. 5, 36: je me rends compte de la mission que j'ai reçue... - neque illud rationis habuisti + prop. inf. Cic. Verr. 5, 38: tu n'as pas pris en considération que..., cf. Cic. Verr. 2, 70. - habuisti rationem, ut mihi consuleres, Cic. Fam. 3, 5, 1: tu as pris en considération (de veiller à mes intérêts) le soin de mes intérêts. - occurrebat illa ratio: quid Cleomene fiet? Cic. Verr. 5, 104: à sa pensée se présentait ce calcul (ces considérations, réflexions): quel sera le sort de Cléomène? - similis ratio pudoris, Cic. Caec. 77: la même considération de pudeur. - praecipere tempestatum rationem et praedonum et locorum, Cic. Mur. 4: enseigner la considération de = recommander d'avoir égard aux tempêtes, aux pirates, aux passages dangereux. - propter rationem brevitatis, Cic. Verr. 1, 103: en considération de la brièveté. - propter aerariam rationem, Cic. Quinct. 17: parce qu'il fallait tenir compte de la monnaie (de la différence des monnaies). [st1]7 [-] système, procédé, méthode, plan... - tua ratio est, ut... Cic. Verr. pr. 34: ta méthode est de..., cf. Cic. de Or. 2, 292. - inita ratio est, ut... Cic. Rep. 2, 61: on inaugura un nouveau système, à savoir... - reperta est eadem istius ratio in praesidiis, quae in classibus, Cic. Verr. 5, 87: son système se retrouva le même en fait de garnisons qu'en fait de flottes. - haec in philosophia ratio contra omnia disserendi, Cic. Nat. 1, 11: cette méthode philosophique d'argumenter contre tout. - vitae meae rationes ab ineunte aetate susceptae, Cic. Pomp. 1: le plan de conduite que j'ai adopté depuis ma jeunesse. - novae bellandi rationes, Caes. BC. 3, 50, 1: de nouvelles méthodes de guerroyer. - magis decernendi ratio quam decertandi fortitudo, Cic. Off. 1, 80: ** la méthode qui consiste à trancher (un conflit)** = le règlement concerté plutôt que le courage placé dans un combat. - ratio inveniendi officii, Cic. Off. 1, 107 (= inventio officii): la découverte du devoir. - quae omnia perfacilem rationem habent reprehendendi, Cic. Col. 62: tout cela comporte une critique très facile. - ratio rogandi, Cic. Inv. 52: le procédé de l'interrogation, l'interrogation. - ratio disserendi, Cic. Br. 120: l'art d'argumenter, la dialectique. - praecipiendi ratio, Cic. Q. 1, 1, 18: le ton du précepte. [st1]8 [-] évaluation d'une chose: système, manière d'être, aspect, état, disposition, régime... - cum duplex ratio sit orationis, Cic. Off. 2, 48: comme la parole (l'éloquence) a deux formes. - judicia, quorum ratio duplex est, Cic. Off. 2, 49: les affaires judiciaires qui ont une double modalité (l'accusation, la défense), cf. Cic. Off. 2, 52. - explicare rationes rerum civilium, Cic. Rep. 1, 13: exposer les systèmes, les organisations, les régimes politiques. - ratio comitiorum, Cic. Mur. 35: le régime des comices, des élections. - propter rationem Gallici belli, Cic. Prov. 19: à cause du caractère particulier de la guerre contre les Gaulois. - tripartita ab iis inducitur ratio bonorum, Cic. Ac. 1, 21: ils présentent trois espèces de biens. - castrensis ratio, Cic. Col. 11: la manière des camps, la vie des camps. - ad novos casus temporum novorum consiliorum rationes accommodare, Cic. Pomp. 60: à des conjonctures nouvelles approprier un système de mesures nouvelles. - hoc genus inest in ratione rerum, Cic. de Or. 2, 47: ce genre est dans la nature des choses. - rerum ratio, verborum ratio, Cic. de Or. 2, 63: l'économie des faits, des mots, disposition des faits, des mots. - mentis ratio perfecta, Cic. Fin. 5, 40: un parfait état de l'intelligence. - ratio atque inclinatio temporum, Cic. Verr. 5, 177: l'état des circonstances et le sens où elles inclinent. - mei rationem officii confido esse persolutam, Cic. Verr. 5, 177, j'ai la conviction que tout ce que comporte mon devoir est accompli. - quemadmodum esset ei ratio totius belli descripta, edocui, Cic. Cat. 2, 13: j'ai montré comment le plan de toute la guerre était arrêté pour lui. - ratio ordoque agminis, Caes. BG. 2, 19, 1: la disposition et l'ordre de la colonne. - rationem pontis hanc instituit, Caes. BG. 4, 17, 3: il fixa pour le pont la disposition suivante. - instituta ratio, Cic. Or. 162: plan fixé. - ratio judiciorum, Cic Br. 306: organisation, fonctionnement des tribunaux. - ratio rerum civilium, Cic. Rep. 2, 52: une organisation politique. - rationes civitatum, Cic. Rep. 2, 22: des organisations politiques. - haec eadem est nostrae rationis regio et via, Cic. Verr. 5, 181: voilà également la direction et la voie (**de mon système, de mon plan de vie**), que ma vie se propose. - eadem ratione, Cic. Cat. 3, 11: de la même manière. - eadem ratione, qua pridie... Caes. BG. 5, 40, 3: de la même manière que la veille. - longe alia ratione... atque... Caes. BG. 7, 14, 2: d'une tout autre manière que... - omni ratione, Caes. BC. 1, 65, 5: par tous les moyens. - nulla ratione, Caes. BC. 1, 70: par aucun moyen, cf. Caes. BC 3, 85, 2 ; Cic. Balb. 62. - quibus rationibus, Caes. BC. 3, 83, 4: par quels moyens, cf. Caes. BC. 3, 18; 3, 58; Cic. CM 6 ; etc. - honestis rationibus, Cic. R. Post. 38: par des moyens honorables. [st1]9 [-] évaluation de ce que comporte, de ce qu'embrasse une chose: son champ, son domaine, sa sphère, son cadre; parti (politique). - in rationem utilitatis cadere, Cic. Off. 1, 9: rentrer dans le calcul de l'utile = se rapporter à l'utile, au domaine, au chapitre de l'utile. - haec res non solum ex domestica est ratione, attingit etiam bellicam, Cic. Off. 1, 76: cet acte n'est pas seulement de l'ordre des faits civils, il touche aussi à l'ordre des faits guerriers. - in dissimili ratione, Cic. Cat. 2, 9: dans une autre sphère, dans un ordre de choses différent. - in eam rationem loqui, Cic. Verr. 1, 69, parler dans cet ordre d'idées, dans ce sens. - epistolis tuis in eamdem rationem scriptis, Cic. Att. 1, 11, 1: tes lettres étant écrites dans le même sens. - popularis ratio, Cic. Sest. 101: démocratie, parti démocratique, cf. Cic. Balb. 58. [st1]10 [-] faculté de calculer, de raisonner, raison, jugement, intelligence; manière de faire raisonnable, judicieuse. - homo, quod rationis est particeps, Cic. Off. 1, 11: l'homme, parce qu'il a en partage la raison. - recta ratio, absoluta ratio, Cic. Tusc 4, 34; 5, 39: droite raison, raison parfaite. - minari ratio non erat, Cic Verr. pr. 24: il n'était pas raisonnable de menacer. - nulla ratio est amittere... Cic. Caec. 15: ce n'est pas du tout raisonnable de laisser échapper... - ratione voluptatem sequi, Cic. Fin. 1, 32: rechercher le plaisir judicieusement. - ratione facere, Cic. Att. 12, 4, 3: agir judicieusement. - intervallis pro rata parte ratione distinctis, Cic. Rep. 6, 18: avec des intervalles calculés suivant des proportions judicieuses. - declinatio, cum ratione fiet... Cic. Tusc. 4, 13: quand on se détournera du mal par des moyens raisonnables... [st1]11 [-] explication qui rend compte d'une chose, explication, raison. - causa et ratio efficiens magnos viros, Cic. Off. 1, 67: la cause et la raison qui produisent les grandes âmes. - quorum omnium causas si a Chrysippo quaeram, numquam illa dicet facta fortuito naturalemque rationem omnium reddet, Cic. Div. 2, 61: si je demande à Chrysippe la cause de tous ces phénomènes, jamais il ne dira qu'ils sont l'effet du hasard, il donnera de tous une explication naturelle. - quorum omnium una ratio est, Cic. Div. 2, 60: pour tous ces phénomènes, il n'y a qu'une seule explication. - tempestates saepe improviso nulla ex certa ratione, obscura aliqua ex causa concitantur, Cic. Mur 36: les tempêtes souvent s'élèvent à l'improviste sans que rien de précis les explique, par on ne sait quelle cause obscure. - facti si non bonam, at aliquam rationem adferre, Cic. Verr. 3, 195: donner d'une action une raison sinon bonne du moins existante. - mei consilii causa ratioque, Cic. Caecil. 1: la cause et la raison de ma détermination. [st1]12 [-] raison, considération, raisonnement; argumentation; ce qui est fondé sur la raison. - aliquid confirmare argumentis ac rationibus, Cic. de Or. 2, 80: prouver qqch par des arguments et des raisonnements, cf. Cic. Or. 44. - rationibus conquisitis, Cic. Fin. 1, 31: avec des considérations bien choisies, cf. Cic. Tusc. 1, 116, Rep. 1, 4, etc. - bonae tuae istae rationes, Ter. Ad. 836: ces belles considérations que tu débites. - causae ratio, Cic. Inv. 1, 18: le raisonnement sur lequel repose une cause. - nihil rationis adfers, quamobrem adimi civitas possit, Cic. Caec. 96: tu n'apportes aucune raison qui justifie qu'on puisse enlever le droit de cité, cf. Cic. Verr. 2, 115. - rationem concludere, Cic. Nat. 2, 22: conclure un raisonnement, cf. Cic. Nat. 3, 23; Div. 2, 25; etc. - necessaria mathematicorum ratione concludere, Cic. Fin. 5, 9: arriver à des conclusions par la rigueur d'un raisonnement mathématique. - quae ratione docentur et via, Cic. Or. 116, ce que l'on enseigne d'une façon rationnelle et méthodique, cf. Cic. Or. 10; Fin 1, 29. - ratione et numero moveri, Cic. Nat. 2, 43: avoir des mouvements rationnels et rythmés. [st1]13 [-] théorie, principes théoriques, doctrine, système scientifique, art. - sine ulla arte aut ratione, quae sint in artibus ac rationibus recta ac prava, dijudicant, Cic. de Or. 3, 195: sans posséder aucune science particulière, aucune connaissance théorique, ils savent discerner dans les réalisations des sciences et des théories ce qui est bien et mal. - de ratione Latine loquendi scripsit, Cic. Br. 253: il écrivit sur la théorie du pur langage latin. - rei militaris ratio et ordo, Caes. BG. 2, 22, 1: les règles théoriques et le dispositif que fixe l'art militaire, cf. Caes. BG 4, 23, 5. - ratio atque usus belli, Caes. BG. 4, 1, 6: la théorie et la pratique de la guerre, cf. Cic. de Or. 3, 80. - Epicuri ratio, Cic. Fin. 1, 13: la théorie d'Epicure. - Cynicorum ratio, Cic. Off. 1, 148: la doctrine des Cyniques. - (si est in me) hujus rei ratio aliqua, Cic. Arch. 1: si j'ai en la matière quelques connaissances théoriques. - mea sic est ratio, Ter. Ad. 60: voici ma théorie, ma doctrine, cf. Cic. Fin. 5, 12; Tusc. 5, 108, etc. - oratio quidem ipsa propria est hujus unius rationis, de qua quaerimus, Cic. de Or, 1, 49: en tout cas le style lui-même appartient uniquement à cet art sur lequel porte notre enquête. - ratio dicendi: (souvent) art oratoire, cf. Cic. de Or. 1, 4 ; 1, 12, etc.* * *Ratio, rationis, f. g. A supino Ratum. Cic. Raison.\Homines rationis egentes. Ouid. Desraisonnables.\Habenda est ratio rei familiaris. Cic. Il fault avoir esgard aux affaires domestiques, ou prendre garde.\Morum quidem in his haud dubie prior ratio est. Quintil. C'est le premier et principal esgard qu'il fault avoir.\Rationem commodi ducere. Cic. Avoir esgard à son prouffit.\Neque illud rationis habuisti, si forte expergefacere te posses. Cic. Tu n'as pas eu cest advisement.\Rationem habere cum aliquo. Cic. Avoir à faire avec luy.\Habent rationem cum terra. Cic. Ils labourent la terre, Ils ont à faire avec la terre.\Cum omnibus Musis rationem habere cogito. Cic. Je me delibere de me mettre du tout à l'estude.\Propter rationem belli quinque dies moratus. Cic. A cause de la guerre.\Quantum belli ratio postulabat. Caesar. L'estat.\Minari diuisoribus ratio non erat. Cic. Il n'y avoit point de cause, ne de raison.\Tenuissimo solo vitiarium facere minime rationis est. Colum. Il n'y a point de raison.\Operta ratio. Ouid. Obscure et difficile.\Rationem ostendam, qua tanta ista fugiatis. Sallustius. Le moyen, La maniere.\Negat se alia ratione facturum. Cic. Autrement.\Multis rationibus prouisum. Cic. En beaucoup de manieres.\Ad nostrorum temporum rationem vetus. Cic. A la comparaison.\A quo mea longissime ratio, voluntasque abhorrebat. Cic. Ma fantasie, conseil et advis, Entreprinse.\Tua ratio est vt secundum binos ludos mihi respondere incipias. Cic. Ta deliberation et entreprinse est que, etc.\Mea est sic ratio, et sic animum induco meum. Terent. J'ay ceste fantasie, et suis de cest advis que, etc. Je fay mon compte que, etc.\Vestram nequeo mirari satis rationem. Terentius. Je ne me scauroye assez esbahir de vostre maniere de faire.\Augere rem bonis et honestis rationibus. Cic. Augmenter ses biens par bons et honnestes moyens.\Dicere rationem. Plautus. Dire pourquoy, ou la raison.\Dicere bona ratione. Plaut. A la bonne foy.\Vt rationem te dictare intelligo. Plaut. A ton compte.\Ad rationem antiquae religionis exquirere facta alicuius. Cic. Selon la reigle.\Facere ratione. Cic. Faire quelque chose pour cause.\Mala ratione facere rem. Horat. S'enrichir par mauvais moyens et illicites.\Improba nauigii ratio tum caeca iacebat. Lucret. On ignoroit, et ne tenoit on compte de la maniere de naviger, On ne scavoit encore que c'estoit.\Inire rationem. Terent. Trouver moyen.\Ratione aliquid inire. Terent. Penser à quelque chose, et y regarder devant que de la commencer.\Ratione bene subducta esse ad vitam. Terentius, Nunquam ita quisquam bene subducta ratione ad vitam fuit, Quin, etc. Jamais personne n'advisa si bien à sa vie, Jamais personne ne fut si advisé, que, etc.\Ratio, Compte qu'on fait de quelque chose que ce soit.\Supputatur ratio cum argentario. Plautus. On fait compte avec, etc.\Eratosthenis ratione. Plin. Selon que compte Eratosthenes.\Is calculus quem posuimus, Graecini rationem continet. Colum. Ce compte que nous venons de faire est celuy de Grecin.\Imposito calculo perfecti operis rationem computant. Colum. Ils jectent et comptent combien a cousté l'edifice à faire.\Conficere rationem. Cic. Faire registres de ce qui a esté faict.\Habeo rationem quid a Pop. Romano acceperim. Cic. J'ay esgard, etc.\Inferre rationibus. Sueton. Mettre, coucher, ou escrire parmi ses comptes.\Rationem cum Orco ponere. Varro. Se deliberer de mourir.\Putare rationes cum aliquo. Cic. Rendre ou ouir un compte, Compter avec aucun.\Putare rationem vinariam, frumentariam, argentariam, etc. Cato. Ouir le compte du vin, etc.\Rationes ad aerarium et Quaestores et Imperatores exercituum ex prouinciis decedentes referre dicebantur. Cic. Rendre leurs comptes.\Rationem vitae et magistratus gesti reposcere. Cic. Demander compte de son administration.\Rationibus referre. Tranquillus. En tenir compte et faire recepte.\Rationes Galliae procurare. Plin. Gouverner la France et l'administrer.\Pro ratione fructuum. Cato. Selon la quantité des fruicts. -
3 reddo
reddo, ĕre, dĭdi, dĭtum - tr. - - redidei = reddidi, CIL 10, 6950 --- fut. reddibo, Plaut. Cas. 129; Men. 1040; cf. Prisc. 6, 32; 6, 35; Non. 508, 8. [st1]1 [-] donner en retour, rendre (à une pers. ce qu'elle vous a donné, confié, prêté). - aliquid accipere ab alio vicissimque reddere, Cic. Lael. 26: recevoir qqch d'un autre et le lui rendre à son tour. - ea, quae utenda acceperis, majore mensura, si modo possis, jubet reddere Hesiodus, Cic. Off. 1, 48: ce qu'on nous a prêté, c'est avec usure que nous devons, si possible, le rendre, suivant les prescriptions d'Hésiode. - obsides reddere, Caes. BG. 1, 35, 3: rendre des otages. - memoria bene redditae vitae, Cic. Phil. 14, 32: le souvenir d'une vie que nous avons rendue avec honneur (à la nature). - cf. Cic. Rep. 1, 4. - reddere beneficium, Cic. Off. 1, 48: rendre un bienfait en retour. - acceptam cladem hosti reddere, Liv. 24, 17, 7: rendre à l'ennemi la défaite qu'il avait infligée. - cf. Liv. 24, 20, 2 ; 27, 49, 5. [st1]2 [-] donner en retour ce qu'on doit, ce qu'on a promis, etc. ; payer, s'acquitter de. - redde quae restant, Cic. Br. 258: acquitte-toi du reste (= achève ton exposé). - mors naturae debita, pro patria reddita, Cic. Phil. 14, 31: mort due à la nature, payée pour la patrie (dette envers la nature acquittée pour la patrie). - proemia reddere, Virg. En. 9. 254: accorder des récompenses. - reddere alicui prœmia debita, Virg. En. 2, 537: payer à qqn le salaire qui lui est dû. - mihi maxime placet ea quae male empta sunt reddi, Cic. Att. 2: je suis tout à fait d'accord pour rendre ce qui a été acheté trop cher. - vota reddere, Cic. Leg. 2, 22: s'acquitter des voeux. - cf. Virg. B. 5, 75. - supplicatio redditur, Caes. BG. 7, 90, 8: on célèbre les actions de grâces prescrites. - promissa viro reddere, Virg. En. 5, 386: délivrer à qqn la récompense promise. - reddere poenas, Sall. J. 14, 21: subir une punition. - reddere rationem: rendre un compte. - debitum naturae morbo reddere, Nep. Reg. 1: payer sa dette à la nature à la suite d'une maladie, mourir de maladie. [st1]3 [-] rendre (à qqn ce qu'on lui a pris, enlevé), restituer. - reddere captivos, Caes. BG. 7, 90, 3: rendre des prisonniers. - reddi captivos negavit esse utile, Cic. Off. 3: il affirma qu'il n'était pas utile de rendre les prisonniers. - cf. Cic. Phil. 2, 104. - libertatem reddere, Suet. 25: rendre la liberté. - patriam reddere, Liv. 5, 51, 10: rendre la patrie. - suum cuique honorem redditum gaudeo, Cic. Am. 136: je me réjouis que chacun se soit vu restituer ses honneurs. - aliquem patriae reddere, Cic. Mil. 94: rendre qqn à sa patrie. - patriis redditus aris, Virg. En. 11, 269: rendu aux foyers paternels. - cf. Virg. En. 2, 740. - reddar tenebris, Virg. En. 6, 544: je vais rentrer dans les ténèbres (auxquelles je me suis arraché un moment). - Teucrum iterum se reddere in arma, Virg. En. 10, 684: s'exposer de nouveau aux armes des Troyens. - se reddere: revenir, reprendre sa place. - se reddere convivio, Liv. 23, 9, 13: reprendre sa place au banquet. [st1]4 [-] donner en retour, en paiement, en récompense. - is honos non solum... datur, sed... redditur, Cic. Phil. 5, 41: cet honneur, on ne l'accorde pas seulement..., on le rend en paiement... - reddere pretium alicui pro bene factis, Plaut. Cap. 940: récompenser qqn pour ses bons offices. - gratiam alicui reddere, Sall. J. 110, 4: payer qqn de retour, lui manifester sa reconnaissance. [st1]5 [-] placer en regard, en réplique. - paria paribus redduntur, Cic. Or. 164: des membres de phrase égaux se font pendant. [st1]6 [-] placer en retour, retourner, traduire, rendre. - cum, ea quae legeram Graece, Latine redderem, Cic. de Or. 1, 155: alors que je rendais en latin ce que j'avais lu en grec. - verbum pro verbo reddere, Cic.: traduire mot à mot. - cf. Cic. Opt. 5. [st1]7 [-] donner en retour, en écho, répéter. - Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 14; S. 2, 8, 80; P. 158. [st1]8 [-] donner en réponse, répliquer (répartir). - Virg. En. 1, 409; 6, 689; 11, 251, etc. [st1]9 [-] donner, produire en retour, renvoyer (des rayons); reproduire, imiter; exprimer, rendre; rendre (un son...). - (gemma) clara repercusso reddebant lumina Phoebo, Ov. M. 2, 110: (des. pierres précieuses) renvoyaient à Phoebus ses rayons brillants qui s'y réfléchissaient. - reddere odorem croci, Plin. 36, 177, reproduire l'odeur du safran. - reddere paternam elegantiam in loquendo, Quint. 1, 1, 6: reproduire dans sa parole la correction paternelle du style. - te nomine reddet, Virg. En. 6, 768: il sera ta reproduction par le nom, il te ressemblera par le nom. - omnes Catilinas, Acidinos postea reddidit, Cic. Att. 4, 3, 3: tous les Catilina, les Acidinus ont reparu dès lors en lui (= il s'est conduit comme...). - toto litore busta surgunt Thessalicis reddentia manibus ignem, Luc. 9, 180: tout le long du rivage, se dressent des bûchers offrant leurs flammes aux mânes de la Thessalie. - ut, quae secum commentatus esset, ea sine scripto verbis eisdem redderet, quibus cogitavisset, Cic. Br. 301: à tel point que, ce qu'il avait préparé (avant de prononcer son discours), il le reproduisait sans aucune note, dans les mêmes termes qu'il l'avait conçu. - cf. Quint. 10, 6, 3 ; 11, 2, 23. - tibiae... alium sonum reddunt, Quint. 11, 3, 20: la flûte rend un son différent. [st1]10 [-] rendre, produire (en parl. du sol). - Ter. Phorm. 680; Col. 2, 16, 2 ; Plin. 18, 87; Quint. 12,10, 25 [st1]11 [-] ramener à un état antérieur, rendre de nouveau. - avec deux acc. reddere aliquem insignem, Virg. En. 5, 705: rendre quelqu'un illustre. - reddam ego te fame mansuetem (= mansuetum), Plaut. As. 1.2.19: je vais te rendre doux en t'affamant. - pecunia homines beatos non reddit: l'argent ne rend pas les hommes heureux. - senem illum tibi dedo ulteriorem, lepide ut lenitum reddas, Plaut. Bac. 1150: je te confie ce vieux là-bas, le second, pour que tu le ramènes à une aimable douceur. - cf. Plaut. Poen. 132. - reddes forte latus, nigros angusta fronte capillos, reddes dulce loqui, Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 27, tu referas forte ma poitrine (solides mes poumons), et noirs mes cheveux sur un front étroit, tu referas doux mon parler. - avec ut subj. reddes nobis, ut... fecisti, sic de magistratibus ut disputes... Cic. Leg. 3, 13: tu referas pour nous sur les magistratures, comme tu l'as fait..., un exposé critique.... [st1]12 [-] amener d'un état à un autre, rendre. - petronem et dominum reddam mortales miserrumos, Plaut. Cap. 822: je ferai du bélier et de son maître les êtres les plus misérables. - tutiorem vitam reddere, Cic. Rep. 1, 3: rendre la vie plus sûre. - cf. Cic. Ac. 2, 54; de Or. 2, 8 ; Br. 38; Caes. BC. 3, 79, 4. - homines ex feris mites reddere, Cic. Inv. 1, 2: amener les hommes de la sauvagerie à la douceur. - aliquid effectum reddere, Plaut. Ps. 386: amener une chose à réalisation, effectuer, réaliser. - cf. Plaut. Ps. 530; 1309; Cap. 345, etc. - rare au passif corpus imbecillius redditur, Cels. 3, 3, 19: le corps est affaibli. - cf. Ov. M. 4, 175; Just. 29, 4, 3, etc.. - rart subst. attribut aliquem hostem Romanis reddere, Nep. Han. 2, 1: faire de qqn un ennemi des Romains. - avec ut + subj. mortalem summum fortuna reddidit ut famul infumus esset, Enn. An. 313: la fortune a fait du mortel le plus élevé le plus bas des esclaves. - cf. Ter. And. 389. [st1]13 [-] rendre (à qqn) ce qu'on a reçu, remettre, transmettre. - aliquid alicui reddere: rendre qqch à qqn. - Graeciae veterem statum reddere: rendre à la Grèce son ancien statut. - reddere alicui suum: rendre à qqn son dû. - Cincius eam mihi abs te epistulam reddidit, quam tu dederas, Cic. Att. 1, 20, 1: Cincius m'a remis de ta part la lettre que tu lui avais confiée pour moi. - cf. Cic. Fam. 2, 1, 1; 2, 17, 1; etc. ; Caes. BC. 1, 1, 1; 2, 20, 2, etc. ; Sall. C. 34, 3 ; Liv. 2, 3, 7. [st1]14 [-] donner en retour d'une demande, accorder. - neque his petentibus jus redditur, Caes. BG. 6, 13, 7: on ne leur accorde pas malgré leur demande de solution en justice. - cf. Quint. 11, 2, 60. - reddere judicium, rendre un jugement (en parl. du magistrat à qui on vient demander justice). - Ter. Phorm. 404: Quint. 7, 4, 43; Tac. An. 1, 72. - jus reddere, Tac. An. 6, 11: rendre la justice. - judicia in privatos reddere, Caes. BC. 2, 18, 5: rendre des jugements contre les particuliers. [st1]15 [-] rapporter, exposer. - reddere = referre. - causas corruptae eloquentiae, Quint. 8, 6, 76: rapporter les raisons de la corruption de l'éloquence. - aliquid suo loco reddere, Tac. H. 4, 67: raconter une chose en son lieu. - quae suis locis reddam, Plin.: ce que j'exposerai en son temps et lieu. [st1]16 [-] faire sortir au-dehors, rendre. - animas reddunt, Virg. G. 3, 495: ils exhalent leur souffle, leur vie. - cf. Ov. P 2, 11, 7. - sanguinem reddere, Plin. Ep. 5, 19, 6: rendre, vomir du sang. - ex alto luco vox reddita est, Virg. En. 7, 95: des profondeurs du bois sortit une voix. - cf. Virg. En. 3, 40. [st1]17 [-] placer à part, assigner en propre (en lot). - Plaut. St. 181; Lucr. 1, 203; 2, 65, etc. ; Cic. Nat. 1, 103 ; Virg. En. 12, 817.* * *reddo, ĕre, dĭdi, dĭtum - tr. - - redidei = reddidi, CIL 10, 6950 --- fut. reddibo, Plaut. Cas. 129; Men. 1040; cf. Prisc. 6, 32; 6, 35; Non. 508, 8. [st1]1 [-] donner en retour, rendre (à une pers. ce qu'elle vous a donné, confié, prêté). - aliquid accipere ab alio vicissimque reddere, Cic. Lael. 26: recevoir qqch d'un autre et le lui rendre à son tour. - ea, quae utenda acceperis, majore mensura, si modo possis, jubet reddere Hesiodus, Cic. Off. 1, 48: ce qu'on nous a prêté, c'est avec usure que nous devons, si possible, le rendre, suivant les prescriptions d'Hésiode. - obsides reddere, Caes. BG. 1, 35, 3: rendre des otages. - memoria bene redditae vitae, Cic. Phil. 14, 32: le souvenir d'une vie que nous avons rendue avec honneur (à la nature). - cf. Cic. Rep. 1, 4. - reddere beneficium, Cic. Off. 1, 48: rendre un bienfait en retour. - acceptam cladem hosti reddere, Liv. 24, 17, 7: rendre à l'ennemi la défaite qu'il avait infligée. - cf. Liv. 24, 20, 2 ; 27, 49, 5. [st1]2 [-] donner en retour ce qu'on doit, ce qu'on a promis, etc. ; payer, s'acquitter de. - redde quae restant, Cic. Br. 258: acquitte-toi du reste (= achève ton exposé). - mors naturae debita, pro patria reddita, Cic. Phil. 14, 31: mort due à la nature, payée pour la patrie (dette envers la nature acquittée pour la patrie). - proemia reddere, Virg. En. 9. 254: accorder des récompenses. - reddere alicui prœmia debita, Virg. En. 2, 537: payer à qqn le salaire qui lui est dû. - mihi maxime placet ea quae male empta sunt reddi, Cic. Att. 2: je suis tout à fait d'accord pour rendre ce qui a été acheté trop cher. - vota reddere, Cic. Leg. 2, 22: s'acquitter des voeux. - cf. Virg. B. 5, 75. - supplicatio redditur, Caes. BG. 7, 90, 8: on célèbre les actions de grâces prescrites. - promissa viro reddere, Virg. En. 5, 386: délivrer à qqn la récompense promise. - reddere poenas, Sall. J. 14, 21: subir une punition. - reddere rationem: rendre un compte. - debitum naturae morbo reddere, Nep. Reg. 1: payer sa dette à la nature à la suite d'une maladie, mourir de maladie. [st1]3 [-] rendre (à qqn ce qu'on lui a pris, enlevé), restituer. - reddere captivos, Caes. BG. 7, 90, 3: rendre des prisonniers. - reddi captivos negavit esse utile, Cic. Off. 3: il affirma qu'il n'était pas utile de rendre les prisonniers. - cf. Cic. Phil. 2, 104. - libertatem reddere, Suet. 25: rendre la liberté. - patriam reddere, Liv. 5, 51, 10: rendre la patrie. - suum cuique honorem redditum gaudeo, Cic. Am. 136: je me réjouis que chacun se soit vu restituer ses honneurs. - aliquem patriae reddere, Cic. Mil. 94: rendre qqn à sa patrie. - patriis redditus aris, Virg. En. 11, 269: rendu aux foyers paternels. - cf. Virg. En. 2, 740. - reddar tenebris, Virg. En. 6, 544: je vais rentrer dans les ténèbres (auxquelles je me suis arraché un moment). - Teucrum iterum se reddere in arma, Virg. En. 10, 684: s'exposer de nouveau aux armes des Troyens. - se reddere: revenir, reprendre sa place. - se reddere convivio, Liv. 23, 9, 13: reprendre sa place au banquet. [st1]4 [-] donner en retour, en paiement, en récompense. - is honos non solum... datur, sed... redditur, Cic. Phil. 5, 41: cet honneur, on ne l'accorde pas seulement..., on le rend en paiement... - reddere pretium alicui pro bene factis, Plaut. Cap. 940: récompenser qqn pour ses bons offices. - gratiam alicui reddere, Sall. J. 110, 4: payer qqn de retour, lui manifester sa reconnaissance. [st1]5 [-] placer en regard, en réplique. - paria paribus redduntur, Cic. Or. 164: des membres de phrase égaux se font pendant. [st1]6 [-] placer en retour, retourner, traduire, rendre. - cum, ea quae legeram Graece, Latine redderem, Cic. de Or. 1, 155: alors que je rendais en latin ce que j'avais lu en grec. - verbum pro verbo reddere, Cic.: traduire mot à mot. - cf. Cic. Opt. 5. [st1]7 [-] donner en retour, en écho, répéter. - Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 14; S. 2, 8, 80; P. 158. [st1]8 [-] donner en réponse, répliquer (répartir). - Virg. En. 1, 409; 6, 689; 11, 251, etc. [st1]9 [-] donner, produire en retour, renvoyer (des rayons); reproduire, imiter; exprimer, rendre; rendre (un son...). - (gemma) clara repercusso reddebant lumina Phoebo, Ov. M. 2, 110: (des. pierres précieuses) renvoyaient à Phoebus ses rayons brillants qui s'y réfléchissaient. - reddere odorem croci, Plin. 36, 177, reproduire l'odeur du safran. - reddere paternam elegantiam in loquendo, Quint. 1, 1, 6: reproduire dans sa parole la correction paternelle du style. - te nomine reddet, Virg. En. 6, 768: il sera ta reproduction par le nom, il te ressemblera par le nom. - omnes Catilinas, Acidinos postea reddidit, Cic. Att. 4, 3, 3: tous les Catilina, les Acidinus ont reparu dès lors en lui (= il s'est conduit comme...). - toto litore busta surgunt Thessalicis reddentia manibus ignem, Luc. 9, 180: tout le long du rivage, se dressent des bûchers offrant leurs flammes aux mânes de la Thessalie. - ut, quae secum commentatus esset, ea sine scripto verbis eisdem redderet, quibus cogitavisset, Cic. Br. 301: à tel point que, ce qu'il avait préparé (avant de prononcer son discours), il le reproduisait sans aucune note, dans les mêmes termes qu'il l'avait conçu. - cf. Quint. 10, 6, 3 ; 11, 2, 23. - tibiae... alium sonum reddunt, Quint. 11, 3, 20: la flûte rend un son différent. [st1]10 [-] rendre, produire (en parl. du sol). - Ter. Phorm. 680; Col. 2, 16, 2 ; Plin. 18, 87; Quint. 12,10, 25 [st1]11 [-] ramener à un état antérieur, rendre de nouveau. - avec deux acc. reddere aliquem insignem, Virg. En. 5, 705: rendre quelqu'un illustre. - reddam ego te fame mansuetem (= mansuetum), Plaut. As. 1.2.19: je vais te rendre doux en t'affamant. - pecunia homines beatos non reddit: l'argent ne rend pas les hommes heureux. - senem illum tibi dedo ulteriorem, lepide ut lenitum reddas, Plaut. Bac. 1150: je te confie ce vieux là-bas, le second, pour que tu le ramènes à une aimable douceur. - cf. Plaut. Poen. 132. - reddes forte latus, nigros angusta fronte capillos, reddes dulce loqui, Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 27, tu referas forte ma poitrine (solides mes poumons), et noirs mes cheveux sur un front étroit, tu referas doux mon parler. - avec ut subj. reddes nobis, ut... fecisti, sic de magistratibus ut disputes... Cic. Leg. 3, 13: tu referas pour nous sur les magistratures, comme tu l'as fait..., un exposé critique.... [st1]12 [-] amener d'un état à un autre, rendre. - petronem et dominum reddam mortales miserrumos, Plaut. Cap. 822: je ferai du bélier et de son maître les êtres les plus misérables. - tutiorem vitam reddere, Cic. Rep. 1, 3: rendre la vie plus sûre. - cf. Cic. Ac. 2, 54; de Or. 2, 8 ; Br. 38; Caes. BC. 3, 79, 4. - homines ex feris mites reddere, Cic. Inv. 1, 2: amener les hommes de la sauvagerie à la douceur. - aliquid effectum reddere, Plaut. Ps. 386: amener une chose à réalisation, effectuer, réaliser. - cf. Plaut. Ps. 530; 1309; Cap. 345, etc. - rare au passif corpus imbecillius redditur, Cels. 3, 3, 19: le corps est affaibli. - cf. Ov. M. 4, 175; Just. 29, 4, 3, etc.. - rart subst. attribut aliquem hostem Romanis reddere, Nep. Han. 2, 1: faire de qqn un ennemi des Romains. - avec ut + subj. mortalem summum fortuna reddidit ut famul infumus esset, Enn. An. 313: la fortune a fait du mortel le plus élevé le plus bas des esclaves. - cf. Ter. And. 389. [st1]13 [-] rendre (à qqn) ce qu'on a reçu, remettre, transmettre. - aliquid alicui reddere: rendre qqch à qqn. - Graeciae veterem statum reddere: rendre à la Grèce son ancien statut. - reddere alicui suum: rendre à qqn son dû. - Cincius eam mihi abs te epistulam reddidit, quam tu dederas, Cic. Att. 1, 20, 1: Cincius m'a remis de ta part la lettre que tu lui avais confiée pour moi. - cf. Cic. Fam. 2, 1, 1; 2, 17, 1; etc. ; Caes. BC. 1, 1, 1; 2, 20, 2, etc. ; Sall. C. 34, 3 ; Liv. 2, 3, 7. [st1]14 [-] donner en retour d'une demande, accorder. - neque his petentibus jus redditur, Caes. BG. 6, 13, 7: on ne leur accorde pas malgré leur demande de solution en justice. - cf. Quint. 11, 2, 60. - reddere judicium, rendre un jugement (en parl. du magistrat à qui on vient demander justice). - Ter. Phorm. 404: Quint. 7, 4, 43; Tac. An. 1, 72. - jus reddere, Tac. An. 6, 11: rendre la justice. - judicia in privatos reddere, Caes. BC. 2, 18, 5: rendre des jugements contre les particuliers. [st1]15 [-] rapporter, exposer. - reddere = referre. - causas corruptae eloquentiae, Quint. 8, 6, 76: rapporter les raisons de la corruption de l'éloquence. - aliquid suo loco reddere, Tac. H. 4, 67: raconter une chose en son lieu. - quae suis locis reddam, Plin.: ce que j'exposerai en son temps et lieu. [st1]16 [-] faire sortir au-dehors, rendre. - animas reddunt, Virg. G. 3, 495: ils exhalent leur souffle, leur vie. - cf. Ov. P 2, 11, 7. - sanguinem reddere, Plin. Ep. 5, 19, 6: rendre, vomir du sang. - ex alto luco vox reddita est, Virg. En. 7, 95: des profondeurs du bois sortit une voix. - cf. Virg. En. 3, 40. [st1]17 [-] placer à part, assigner en propre (en lot). - Plaut. St. 181; Lucr. 1, 203; 2, 65, etc. ; Cic. Nat. 1, 103 ; Virg. En. 12, 817.* * *Reddo, reddis, reddidi, redditum, pen. corr. reddere. Terent. Rendre.\- regulas dominus indiligens Reddere alias ne volt. Plaut. N'en veult point remettre d'autres.\Quae suis locis reddam. Plin. Que je reciteray, etc. Desquels je parleray en leur lieu.\Aliquem reddere. Plin. iun. Resembler à aucun, Luy retirer.\Inter aquaticas aues mergi soliti sunt deuorare quae caeterae reddunt. Plin. La fiente des autres oiseaulx.\Anhelitum reddere. Plin. Jecter hors son haleine, Respirer.\Animam reddere. Cic. Jecter son vent et haleine.\Animam reddere. Virgil. Mourir, Rendre l'ame.\Reddidisti animum. Terent. Tu m'as faict revenir le courage.\Beneficium reddere. Terent. Rendre le plaisir.\Clamorem reddere. Liuius. Crier.\Vini colorem reddit. Plin. Il resemble, ou retire à la couleur du vin.\Colori reddere. Plin. Rebailler couleur, Faire revenir la couleur.\Commotum reddere. Terent. Avancer aucun d'aller, Le faire haster.\Conciliatum reddere animum alicuius. Cic. Appaiser aucun.\Se conuiuio reddere. Liu. Se trouver au banquet.\Crepitum reddere. Plin. Peter.\Delibutum gaudio reddere. Terent. Remplir de joye.\Depositum reddere. Cic. Rendre ce qu'on nous a baillé en garde.\Dictata reddere magistro. Horat. Rendre sa lecon au maistre d'escole.\Dictum ac factum reddere. Terent. Dire ce qu'il fault dire, et faire ce qu'il fault faire, Despescher et vuider quelque affaire.\Dubia omnia reddere. Cic. Mettre tout en doubte.\Eloquentiam alicuius eloquentiorem reddere. Quintil. Estre plus eloquent que luy.\Epistolam reddere. Cic. Bailler une paire de lettres à celuy à qui on nous avoit enchargé de les bailler.\Excrementa reddere. Plin. Faire son ordure.\Exemplum ac effigiem virtutis alicuius reddere. Liu. Representer, Monstrer la semblance.\Exequias reddere. Ouid. Faire les funerailles à un trespassé.\Ferociorem aliquem reddere. Cic. Le faire plus, etc.\Ferro reddere vitam. Cic. Estre tué de glaive.\Fimum reddere. Plin. Faire son ordure, Fienter.\Gratiam reddere. Columel. Rendre le plaisir.\Vxores grauidas reddere. Lucret. Engrossir.\Humorem reddere. Plin. Pisser.\Imaginem reddere. Plin. Representer.\Impendium reddere vsque ad assem. Plin. Rendre jusques au dernier denier ce qui a esté despendu.\Impetratum reddere aliquid alicui. Plaut. Luy impetrer quelque chose.\Incerta omnia reddere. Cic. Mettre tout en doubte.\Infectum reddere. Horatius. Faire que quelque chose n'ait point esté faicte.\Latine reddere. Cic. Tourner en Latin.\Literas reddere. Caesar. Bailler une paire de lettres à celuy à qui on nous avoit enchargé de les bailler.\Meliorem aliquem reddere. Cic. Le faire meilleur.\Nitore reddere. Plin. Rendre la beaulté et splendeur qu'on avoit paravant.\Huic nomen M. Varro reddidit Strabonem vocatum. Plin. Varro a escript le nom de cestuy, disant qu'il s'appeloit Strabo.\Omnibus in exercitu suo militibus nomina reddidit. Pli. Les a appelez touts par leurs noms.\Reddere aliquem nomine. Virgil. Avoir tel nom que luy.\Odorem croci reddit. Plin. Il flaire comme le safran.\Onera ciborum reddere. Plin. Faire son ordure.\Operam reddere. Plaut. Rendre la pareille.\Operas reddere. Cic. Achever sa tasche.\Otiosum aliquem reddere. Cicero. Le mettre hors d'ennuy, de soulci et de pensement.\Paria reddere in vtranque partem. Cic. Faire tout egual.\Partum reddere. Plin. Enfanter.\Perfectum reddere aliquid. Plaut. Parfaire.\Modio tritici panis pondo triginta reddit. Plinius. Rend le poix de, etc.\Promissa reddere alicui. Virgil. Tenir sa promesse.\Rationem reddere. Plin. Rendre compte, Dire la cause.\Sanguinem reddere. Plin. iunior. Saigner.\Panax piperis saporem reddit. Plin. Ha la saveur de poivre.\Sepulchro corpus reddere. Virgil. Mettre dedens le sepulchre.\Sonum reddere. Plin. Faire son.\Spiritum reddere alicui. Liu. S'exposer en danger de mort pour luy.\Te vacuum redde nobis. Cic. Viens et rends toy à nous delivré de tout affaire.\Reddere verbum pro verbo. Cic. Rendre mot pour mot, en translatant un livre d'un langage en autre, Translater de mot à mot.\Vicem reddere meritis. Ouid. Rendre la pareille.\Vicem alterius rei reddere. Plin. Servir au lieu d'elle.\Commanducata, croci vim reddit. Plin. Elle ha la force de safran.\Vitam reddere pro Repub. Cic. Mourir pour la Republique.\Vocem humanam reddere. Plin. Contrefaire la voix d'un homme, Parler comme un homme.\Vota reddere. Cic. Accomplir ses veux.\Vrinam reddere. Plin. Pisser.\Reddere aliquid sine scripto. Cic. Dire par coeur.\Inter philosophos reddendus est. Quintil. Il fault parler de luy entre les philosophes.\Reddit ager. Varro. Rapporte, ou rend. -
4 alienum
ălĭēnus, a, um [2. alius].I.Adj.A.In gen., that belongs to another person, place, object, etc., not one's own, another's, of another, foreign, alien (opp. suus): NEVE. ALIENAM. SEGETEM. PELLEXERIS., Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Plin. 28, 2, and Serv. ad Verg. E. 8, 99: plus ex alieno jecore sapiunt quam ex suo, Pac. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 57; Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 111; cf. id. ib. 2, 2, 88, and Lind. ib. 2, 3, 3: quom sciet alienum puerum ( the child of another) tolli pro suo, Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 61:B.in aedīs inruit Alienas,
id. Ad. 1, 2, 9; id. And. 1, 1, 125:alienae partes anni,
Lucr. 1, 182; so Verg. G. 2, 149:pecuniis alienis locupletari,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 47, 137:cura rerum alienarum,
id. Off. 1, 9, 30; 2, 23, 83:alienos mores ad suos referre,
Nep. Epam. 1, 1:in altissimo gradu alienis opibus poni,
Cic. Sest. 20:semper regibus aliena virtus formidolosa est,
Sall. C. 7, 2:amissis bonis alienas opes exspectare,
id. ib. 58. 10 Herz.:aliena mulier,
another man's wife, Cic. Cael. 37:mulier alieni viri sermonibus assuefacta,
of another woman's husband, Liv. 1, 46:virtutem et bonum alienum oderunt,
id. 35, 43:alienis pedibus ambulamus, alienis oculis agnoscimus, alienā memoriā salutamus, alienā operā vivimus,
Plin. 29, 1, 8, § 19:oportet enim omnia aut ad alienum arbitrium aut ad suum facere,
Plin. Ep. 6, 14; so Suet. Claud. 2:alienum cursum alienumque rectorem, velut captā nave, sequi,
Plin. Pan. 82, 3; Tac. A. 15, 1 fin.:pudicitiae neque suae neque alienae pepercit,
Suet. Calig. 36:epistolas orationesque et edicta alieno formabat ingenio,
i. e. caused to be written by another, id. Dom. 20:te conjux aliena capit,
Hor. S. 2, 7, 46; 1, 1, 110; so id. ib. 1, 3, 116:vulnus,
intended for another, Verg. A. 10, 781: aliena [p. 85] cornua, of Actæon transformed into a stag, Ov. M. 3, 139:alieno Marte pugnabant, sc. equites,
i. e. without horses, as footmen, Liv. 3, 62: aes alienum, lit. another's money; hence, in reference to him who has it, a debt; cf. aes. So also:aliena nomina,
debts in others' names, debts contracted by others, Sall. C. 35, 3.—Esp.1.In reference to relationship or friendship, not belonging to one, alien from, not related or allied, not friendly, inimical, strange, Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 43:2.alienus est ab nostrā familiā,
Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 28; id. Heaut. 5, 4, 6 Ruhnk.:multi ex finibus suis egressi se suaque omnia alienissimis crediderunt,
to utter strangers, Caes. B. G. 6, 31:non alienus sanguine regibus,
Liv. 29, 29; Vell. 2, 76.—Hence alienus and propinquus are antith.,
Cic. Lael. 5, 19:ut neque amicis neque etiam alienioribus desim,
id. Fam. 1, 9 Manut.:ut tuum factum alieni hominis, meum vero conjunctissimi et amicissimi esse videatur,
id. ib. 3, 6.—Trop.: alienum esse in or ab aliquā re, to be a stranger to a thing, i. e. not to be versed in or familiar with, not to understand:3.in physicis Epicurus totus est alienus,
Cic. Fin. 1, 6, 17:homo non alienus a litteris,
not a stranger to, not unversed in, id. Verr. 2, 2, 26.—Foreign to a thing, i. e. not suited to it, unsuitable, incongruous, inadequate, inconsistent, unseasonable, inapposite, different from (opp. aptus); constr. with gen., dat., abl., and ab; cf. Burm. ad Ov. F. 1, 4; Manut. ad Cic. Fam. 9, 14, 5; Spald. ad Quint. 6, 3, 33; Zumpt, Gr. § 384.(α).With gen.:(β).pacis (deorum),
Lucr. 6, 69:salutis,
id. 3, 832:aliarum rerum,
id. 6, 1064:dignitatis alicujus,
Cic. Fin. 1, 4, 11:neque aliena consili (sc. domus D. Bruti),
convenient for consultation, Sall. C. 40, 5 Kritz al.—With dat.:(γ).quod illi causae maxime est alienum,
Cic. Caecin. 9, 24: arti oratoriae, Quint. prooem. 5; 4, 2, 62; Sen. Q. N. 4 praef.—With abl.:(δ).neque hoc dii alienum ducunt majestate suā,
Cic. Div. 1, 38, 83:homine alienissimum,
id. Off. 1, 13, 41:dignitate imperii,
id. Prov. Cons. 8, 18:amicitiā,
id. Fam. 11, 27:existimatione meā,
id. Att. 6, 1:domus magis his aliena malis,
farther from, Hor. S. 1, 9, 50:loco, tempore,
Quint. 6, 3, 33.—With ab:(ε).alienum a vitā meā,
Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 21: a dignitate rei publicae, Tib. Gracch. ap. Gell. 7, 19, 7:a sapiente,
Cic. Ac. 2, 43, 132:a dignitate,
id. Fam. 4, 7:navigationis labor alienus non ab aetate solum nostrā, verum etiam a dignitate,
id. Att. 16, 3.—With inf. or clause as subject:4.nec aptius est quidquam ad opes tuendas quam diligi, nec alienius quam timeri,
Cic. Off. 2, 7, 23:non alienum videtur, quale praemium Miltiadi sit tributum, docere,
Nep. Milt. 6, 1.—Averse, hostile, unfriendly, unfavorable to:5.illum alieno animo a nobis esse res ipsa indicat,
Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 40; Cic. Deiot. 9, 24:a Pyrrho non nimis alienos animos habemus,
id. Lael. 8 fin.:sin a me est alienior,
id. Fam. 2, 17:ex alienissimis amicissimos reddere,
id. ib. 15, 4 al.:Muciani animus nec Vespasiano alienus,
Tac. H. 2, 74.—Rar. transf. to things; as in the histt., alienus locus, a place or ground unfavorable for an engagement, disadvantageous (opp. suus or opportunus; cf.Gron. Obs. 4, 17, 275): alieno loco proelium committunt,
Caes. B. G. 1, 15:alienissimo sibi loco contra opportunissimo hostibus conflixit,
Nep. Them. 4, 5 Brem.—So of time unfitting, inconvenient, unfavorable, Varr. R. R. 3, 16:ad judicium corrumpendum tempus alienum,
Cic. Verr. 1, 5; id. Caecin. 67:vir egregius alienissimo rei publicae tempore exstinctus,
id. Brut. 1; id. Fam. 15, 14.—Of other things: alienum ( dangerous, perilous, hurtful) suis rationibus, Sall. C. 56, 5; Cels. 4, 5.—In medic. lang.a. b.Of the mind, insane, mad (cf. alieno and alienatio):II.Neque solum illis aliena mens erat, qui conscii conjurationis fuerant,
Sall. C. 37, 1 Herz.—Subst.1.ălĭēnus, i, m., a stranger.a.One not belonging to one's house, family, or country:b.apud me cenant alieni novem,
Plaut. Stich. 3, 2, 21:ut non ejectus ad alienos, sed invitatus ad tuos īsse videaris,
Cic. Cat. 1, 9, 23:quas copias proximis suppeditari aequius est, eas transferunt ad alienos,
id. Off. 1, 14: cives potiores quam peregrini, propinqui quam alieni, id. Am. 5, 19:quasi ad alienos durius loquebatur,
Vulg. Gen. 42, 7:a filiis suis an ab alienis?
ib. Matt. 17, 24:cives potiores quam peregrini, propinqui quam alieni,
Cic. Lael. 5:quod alieno testimonium redderem, in eo non fraudabo avum meum,
Vell. 2, 76.—One not related to a person or thing:2.in longinquos, in propinquos, in alienos, in suos irruebat,
Cic. Mil. 28, 76:vel alienissimus rusticae vitae, naturae benignitatem miretur,
Col. 3, 21, 3.—ălĭēnum, i, n., the property of a stranger:a.Haec erunt vilici officia: alieno manum abstineant, etc.,
Cato, R. R. 5, 1:alieno abstinuit,
Suet. Tit. 7:ex alieno largiri,
Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 8; so,de alieno largiri,
Just. 36, 3, 9:alieni appetens, sui profugus,
Sall. C. 5; Liv. 5, 5:in aliena aedificium exstruere,
Cic. Mil. 27, 74 (cf.:in alieno solo aedificare,
Dig. 41, 1, 7).— Plur.,The property of a stranger:b.quid est aliud aliis sua eripere, aliis dare aliena?
Cic. Off. 2, 23; Liv. 30, 30: aliena pervadere, a foreign (in opp. to the Roman) province, Amm. 23, 1.—The affairs or interests of strangers: Men. Chreme, tantumue ab re tuast oti tibi, aliena ut cures, ea, quae nihil ad te attinent. Chrem. Homo sum;c.humani nihil a me alienum puto,
Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 23:aliena ut melius videant quam sua,
id. ib. 3, 1, 95.—Things strange, foreign, not belonging to the matter in hand:Quod si hominibus bonarum rerum tanta cura esset, quanto studio aliena ac nihil profutura multumque etiam periculosa petunt, etc.,
Sall. J. 1, 5; hence, aliena loqui, to talk strangely, wildly, like a crazy person:Quin etiam, sic me dicunt aliena locutum, Ut foret amenti nomen in ore tuum,
Ov. Tr. 3, 19:interdum in accessione aegros desipere et aliena loqui,
Cels. 3, 18 (v. alieniloquium).► Comp. rare, but sup. very freq.; no adv. in use. -
5 alienus
ălĭēnus, a, um [2. alius].I.Adj.A.In gen., that belongs to another person, place, object, etc., not one's own, another's, of another, foreign, alien (opp. suus): NEVE. ALIENAM. SEGETEM. PELLEXERIS., Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Plin. 28, 2, and Serv. ad Verg. E. 8, 99: plus ex alieno jecore sapiunt quam ex suo, Pac. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 57; Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 111; cf. id. ib. 2, 2, 88, and Lind. ib. 2, 3, 3: quom sciet alienum puerum ( the child of another) tolli pro suo, Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 61:B.in aedīs inruit Alienas,
id. Ad. 1, 2, 9; id. And. 1, 1, 125:alienae partes anni,
Lucr. 1, 182; so Verg. G. 2, 149:pecuniis alienis locupletari,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 47, 137:cura rerum alienarum,
id. Off. 1, 9, 30; 2, 23, 83:alienos mores ad suos referre,
Nep. Epam. 1, 1:in altissimo gradu alienis opibus poni,
Cic. Sest. 20:semper regibus aliena virtus formidolosa est,
Sall. C. 7, 2:amissis bonis alienas opes exspectare,
id. ib. 58. 10 Herz.:aliena mulier,
another man's wife, Cic. Cael. 37:mulier alieni viri sermonibus assuefacta,
of another woman's husband, Liv. 1, 46:virtutem et bonum alienum oderunt,
id. 35, 43:alienis pedibus ambulamus, alienis oculis agnoscimus, alienā memoriā salutamus, alienā operā vivimus,
Plin. 29, 1, 8, § 19:oportet enim omnia aut ad alienum arbitrium aut ad suum facere,
Plin. Ep. 6, 14; so Suet. Claud. 2:alienum cursum alienumque rectorem, velut captā nave, sequi,
Plin. Pan. 82, 3; Tac. A. 15, 1 fin.:pudicitiae neque suae neque alienae pepercit,
Suet. Calig. 36:epistolas orationesque et edicta alieno formabat ingenio,
i. e. caused to be written by another, id. Dom. 20:te conjux aliena capit,
Hor. S. 2, 7, 46; 1, 1, 110; so id. ib. 1, 3, 116:vulnus,
intended for another, Verg. A. 10, 781: aliena [p. 85] cornua, of Actæon transformed into a stag, Ov. M. 3, 139:alieno Marte pugnabant, sc. equites,
i. e. without horses, as footmen, Liv. 3, 62: aes alienum, lit. another's money; hence, in reference to him who has it, a debt; cf. aes. So also:aliena nomina,
debts in others' names, debts contracted by others, Sall. C. 35, 3.—Esp.1.In reference to relationship or friendship, not belonging to one, alien from, not related or allied, not friendly, inimical, strange, Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 43:2.alienus est ab nostrā familiā,
Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 28; id. Heaut. 5, 4, 6 Ruhnk.:multi ex finibus suis egressi se suaque omnia alienissimis crediderunt,
to utter strangers, Caes. B. G. 6, 31:non alienus sanguine regibus,
Liv. 29, 29; Vell. 2, 76.—Hence alienus and propinquus are antith.,
Cic. Lael. 5, 19:ut neque amicis neque etiam alienioribus desim,
id. Fam. 1, 9 Manut.:ut tuum factum alieni hominis, meum vero conjunctissimi et amicissimi esse videatur,
id. ib. 3, 6.—Trop.: alienum esse in or ab aliquā re, to be a stranger to a thing, i. e. not to be versed in or familiar with, not to understand:3.in physicis Epicurus totus est alienus,
Cic. Fin. 1, 6, 17:homo non alienus a litteris,
not a stranger to, not unversed in, id. Verr. 2, 2, 26.—Foreign to a thing, i. e. not suited to it, unsuitable, incongruous, inadequate, inconsistent, unseasonable, inapposite, different from (opp. aptus); constr. with gen., dat., abl., and ab; cf. Burm. ad Ov. F. 1, 4; Manut. ad Cic. Fam. 9, 14, 5; Spald. ad Quint. 6, 3, 33; Zumpt, Gr. § 384.(α).With gen.:(β).pacis (deorum),
Lucr. 6, 69:salutis,
id. 3, 832:aliarum rerum,
id. 6, 1064:dignitatis alicujus,
Cic. Fin. 1, 4, 11:neque aliena consili (sc. domus D. Bruti),
convenient for consultation, Sall. C. 40, 5 Kritz al.—With dat.:(γ).quod illi causae maxime est alienum,
Cic. Caecin. 9, 24: arti oratoriae, Quint. prooem. 5; 4, 2, 62; Sen. Q. N. 4 praef.—With abl.:(δ).neque hoc dii alienum ducunt majestate suā,
Cic. Div. 1, 38, 83:homine alienissimum,
id. Off. 1, 13, 41:dignitate imperii,
id. Prov. Cons. 8, 18:amicitiā,
id. Fam. 11, 27:existimatione meā,
id. Att. 6, 1:domus magis his aliena malis,
farther from, Hor. S. 1, 9, 50:loco, tempore,
Quint. 6, 3, 33.—With ab:(ε).alienum a vitā meā,
Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 21: a dignitate rei publicae, Tib. Gracch. ap. Gell. 7, 19, 7:a sapiente,
Cic. Ac. 2, 43, 132:a dignitate,
id. Fam. 4, 7:navigationis labor alienus non ab aetate solum nostrā, verum etiam a dignitate,
id. Att. 16, 3.—With inf. or clause as subject:4.nec aptius est quidquam ad opes tuendas quam diligi, nec alienius quam timeri,
Cic. Off. 2, 7, 23:non alienum videtur, quale praemium Miltiadi sit tributum, docere,
Nep. Milt. 6, 1.—Averse, hostile, unfriendly, unfavorable to:5.illum alieno animo a nobis esse res ipsa indicat,
Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 40; Cic. Deiot. 9, 24:a Pyrrho non nimis alienos animos habemus,
id. Lael. 8 fin.:sin a me est alienior,
id. Fam. 2, 17:ex alienissimis amicissimos reddere,
id. ib. 15, 4 al.:Muciani animus nec Vespasiano alienus,
Tac. H. 2, 74.—Rar. transf. to things; as in the histt., alienus locus, a place or ground unfavorable for an engagement, disadvantageous (opp. suus or opportunus; cf.Gron. Obs. 4, 17, 275): alieno loco proelium committunt,
Caes. B. G. 1, 15:alienissimo sibi loco contra opportunissimo hostibus conflixit,
Nep. Them. 4, 5 Brem.—So of time unfitting, inconvenient, unfavorable, Varr. R. R. 3, 16:ad judicium corrumpendum tempus alienum,
Cic. Verr. 1, 5; id. Caecin. 67:vir egregius alienissimo rei publicae tempore exstinctus,
id. Brut. 1; id. Fam. 15, 14.—Of other things: alienum ( dangerous, perilous, hurtful) suis rationibus, Sall. C. 56, 5; Cels. 4, 5.—In medic. lang.a. b.Of the mind, insane, mad (cf. alieno and alienatio):II.Neque solum illis aliena mens erat, qui conscii conjurationis fuerant,
Sall. C. 37, 1 Herz.—Subst.1.ălĭēnus, i, m., a stranger.a.One not belonging to one's house, family, or country:b.apud me cenant alieni novem,
Plaut. Stich. 3, 2, 21:ut non ejectus ad alienos, sed invitatus ad tuos īsse videaris,
Cic. Cat. 1, 9, 23:quas copias proximis suppeditari aequius est, eas transferunt ad alienos,
id. Off. 1, 14: cives potiores quam peregrini, propinqui quam alieni, id. Am. 5, 19:quasi ad alienos durius loquebatur,
Vulg. Gen. 42, 7:a filiis suis an ab alienis?
ib. Matt. 17, 24:cives potiores quam peregrini, propinqui quam alieni,
Cic. Lael. 5:quod alieno testimonium redderem, in eo non fraudabo avum meum,
Vell. 2, 76.—One not related to a person or thing:2.in longinquos, in propinquos, in alienos, in suos irruebat,
Cic. Mil. 28, 76:vel alienissimus rusticae vitae, naturae benignitatem miretur,
Col. 3, 21, 3.—ălĭēnum, i, n., the property of a stranger:a.Haec erunt vilici officia: alieno manum abstineant, etc.,
Cato, R. R. 5, 1:alieno abstinuit,
Suet. Tit. 7:ex alieno largiri,
Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 8; so,de alieno largiri,
Just. 36, 3, 9:alieni appetens, sui profugus,
Sall. C. 5; Liv. 5, 5:in aliena aedificium exstruere,
Cic. Mil. 27, 74 (cf.:in alieno solo aedificare,
Dig. 41, 1, 7).— Plur.,The property of a stranger:b.quid est aliud aliis sua eripere, aliis dare aliena?
Cic. Off. 2, 23; Liv. 30, 30: aliena pervadere, a foreign (in opp. to the Roman) province, Amm. 23, 1.—The affairs or interests of strangers: Men. Chreme, tantumue ab re tuast oti tibi, aliena ut cures, ea, quae nihil ad te attinent. Chrem. Homo sum;c.humani nihil a me alienum puto,
Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 23:aliena ut melius videant quam sua,
id. ib. 3, 1, 95.—Things strange, foreign, not belonging to the matter in hand:Quod si hominibus bonarum rerum tanta cura esset, quanto studio aliena ac nihil profutura multumque etiam periculosa petunt, etc.,
Sall. J. 1, 5; hence, aliena loqui, to talk strangely, wildly, like a crazy person:Quin etiam, sic me dicunt aliena locutum, Ut foret amenti nomen in ore tuum,
Ov. Tr. 3, 19:interdum in accessione aegros desipere et aliena loqui,
Cels. 3, 18 (v. alieniloquium).► Comp. rare, but sup. very freq.; no adv. in use. -
6 bonae
bŏnus (old form dŭonus, Carm. Sall. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 26 Mull.; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 67 Mull.), a, um, adj. [for duonus, cf. bellum, bis, and cf. root dvi-; hence deidô, deos], good; comp. melior, us [cf. Gr. mala, mallon], better; sup. optimus ( optumus, ante-class. and often class.) [root opof ops, opes; cf. copia, apiscor], best.I.Attributively.A.As adjunct of nouns denoting persons.1.Vir bonus.(α).A man morally good (kalos kagathos):(β).quoniam boni me viri pauperant, improbi alunt,
Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 60:omnibus virtutibus instructos et ornatos tum sapientes, tum viros bonos dicimus,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 10, 28:ille vir bonus qui... intolerabili dolore lacerari potius quam aut officium prodat aut fidem,
id. Ac. 2, 8, 23:sive vir bonus est is qui prodest quibus potest, nocet nemini, certe istum virum bonum non facile reperimus,
id. Off. 3, 15, 64:qui se ita gerunt ut eorum probitas, fides, integritas, etc.... hos viros bonos... appellandos putemus,
id. Lael. 5, 19:non intellegunt se de callido homine loqui, non de bono viro,
id. Att. 7, 2, 4:ut quisque est vir optimus, ita difficillime esse alios improbos suspicatur,
id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 4, § 12:nec enim melior vir fuit Africano quisquam, nec clarior,
id. Lael. 2, 6; id. Leg. 1, 14, 41; 1, 18, 48; id. Planc. 4, 9; id. Par. 3, 1, 21; id. Marcell. 6, 20; id. Fam. 7, 21; id. Off. 2, 16, 57.—An honest man:(γ).justitia, ex qua viri boni nominantur,
Cic. Off. 1, 7, 21; 1, 44, 155; 2, 11, 39; 2, 12, 42; 2, 20, 71;3, 12, 50: cum is sponsionem fecisset ni vir bonus esset,
id. ib. 3, 19, 77:quoniam Demosthenes nec vir bonus esset, nec bene meritus de civitate,
id. Opt. Gen. 7, 20; cf. id. Rosc. Am. 40, 116.—A man of good standing in the community:(δ).id viri boni arbitratu deducetur,
Cato, R. R. 143; so id. ib. 149:tuam partem viri bono arbitratu... dari oportet,
Dig. 17, 1, [p. 244] 35;37, 6, 2, § 2: quem voles virum bonum nominato,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 25, § 55:vir bonus est... quo res sponsore, et quo causae teste tenentur,
Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 40.—Hence, ironically of wealthy men:praetores jus dicunt, aediles ludos parant, viri boni usuras perscribunt,
Cic. Att. 9, 12, 3.—Ironically of bad men:(ε).sed eccum lenonem Lycum, bonum virum,
Plaut. Poen. 5, 5, 52; Ter. Eun. 5, 3, 9; 4, 3, 18; id. Ad. 3, 4, 30:expectabam quinam isti viri boni testes hujus manifesto deprehensi veneni dicerentur,
Cic. Cael. 26, 63:nam socer ejus, vir multum bonus est,
id. Agr. 3, 3, 13;so especially in addresses (mostly comic.): age tu, illuc procede, bone vir!
Plaut. Capt. 5, 2, 1; id. Curc. 5, 2, 12; id. Ps. 4, 7, 48; id. Pers. 5, 2, 11; Ter. And. 3, 5, 10; 5, 2, 5; id. Ad. 4, 2, 17; id. Eun. 5, 2, 11:quid tu, vir optime? Ecquid habes quod dicas?
Cic. Rosc. Am. 36, 104.—Sometimes boni viri = boni, in the sense of optimates (v. I. A. 3.):(ζ).bonis viris quid juris reliquit tribunatus C. Gracchi?
Cic. Leg. 3, 9, 20.—As a conventional courtesy:2.homines optimi non intellegunt, etc.,
Cic. Fin. 1, 7, 25:bone accusator,
id. Rosc. Am. 21, 58:sic illum amicum vocasti, quomodo omnes candidatos bonos viros dicimus,
gentlemen, Sen. Ep. 3, 1.—For bonus vir, a good husband, v. 3.; and for vir optimus, as a laudatory epithet, v. 5.—Boni homines (rare) = boni, better classes of society, v. II. A. 3:3.in foro infimo boni homines atque dites ambulant,
Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 14.—With nouns denoting persons in regard to their functions, offices, occupations, and qualities, denoting excellence:4.bonus consul,
Liv. 4, 40, 6; 22, 39, 2 (different: consules duos, bonos quidem, sed dumtaxat bonos, amisimus, consuls of good sentiments, almost = bad consuls, Cic. ad Brut. 1, 3, 4):boni tribuni plebis,
Cic. Phil. 1, 10, 25:bonus senator,
id. Prov. Cons. 15, 37:senator bonus,
id. Dom. 4, 8:bonus judex,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 15, § 34:bonus augur (ironically),
id. Phil. 2, 32, 80:bonus vates,
Plaut. Mil. 3, 3, 27:bonus imperator,
Sall. C. 60, 4:bonus dux,
Quint. 12, 1, 43 (cf. trop.:naturam, optimam ducem,
the best guide, Cic. Sen. 2, 5):bonus miles,
Sall. C. 60, 4; Sen. Vit. Beat. 15, 5:bonus orator,
Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 10:optimus orator,
id. Opt. Gen. 1, 3:poeta bonus,
id. de Or. 1, 3, 11; 2, 46, 194; id. Fin. 1, 3, 10:scriptor bonus,
Quint. 10, 1, 104:bonus advocatus,
id. 5, 13, 10:bonus defensor,
id. 5, 13, 3:bonus altercator,
a good debater, id. 6, 4, 10:bonus praeceptor,
id. 5, 13, 44; 10, 5, 22:bonus gubernator,
Cic. Ac. 2, 31, 100:optimus opifex,
Hor. S. 1, 3, 133:sutor bonus,
id. ib. 1, 3, 125:actor optimus,
Cic. Sest. 57, 122:cantor optimus est modulator,
Hor. S. 1, 3, 130:melior gladiator,
Ov. Tr. 4, 6, 33: agricola (colonus, dominus) bonus, Cato, R. R. prooem.; Cic. Sen. 16, 56:bonus paterfamilias,
a thrifty head of the house, Nep. Att. 13, 1:bonus servus,
Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 58; id. Am. 2, 1, 46; id. Men. 5, 6, 1; Cic. Mil. 22, 58:dominus bonus,
Cato, R. R. 14:bonus custos,
Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 38.—Ironically, Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 57:filius bonus,
Plaut. Am. 3, 4, 9:patres,
Quint. 11, 3, 178:parens,
id. 6, prooem. 4: bonus (melior, optimus), viz. a good husband, Cic. Inv. 1, 31, 51 sq.; Liv. 1, 9, 15:uxor melior,
Cic. Inv. 1, 31, 52:amicus,
id. Fam. 2, 15, 3:amicus optimus,
Plaut. Cas. 3, 3, 18:optimus testis,
Cic. Fam. 7, 27, 2:auctor, in two senses,
good authority, id. Att. 5, 12, 3;and = bonus scriptor (post-class.),
Quint. 10, 1, 74.—Esp.:bonus civis (rarely civis bonus): in re publica ea velle quae tranquilla et honesta sint: talem enim solemus et sentire bonum civem et dicere, Cic.-Off. 1, 34, 124: eaque est summa ratio et sapientia boni civis, commoda civium non divellere, atque omnes aequitate eadem continere,
id. ib. 2, 23, 83:eum esse civem et fidelem et bonum,
Plaut. Pers. 1, 2, 15; Cic. Fam. 2, 8, 2; 1, 9, 10; 3, 12, 1; 6, 6, 11; id. Off. 1, 44, 155; Liv. 22, 39, 3; Sall. H. Fragm. 1, 10 Dietsch:optimus et fortissimus civis,
Cic. Fam. 12, 2, 3; id. Sest. 17, 39.—Bonus and optimus as epithets of the gods.(α).In gen.:(β).sed te bonus Mercurius perdat,
Plaut. Cas. 2, 3, 23:fata... bonique divi,
Hor. C. 4, 2, 38:divis orte bonis,
id. ib. 4, 5, 1:O bone deus!
Scrib. Comp. 84 fin.: BONORVM DEORVM, Inscr. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 34, 84: totidem, pater optime, dixi, Tu mihi da cives, referring to Jupiter, Ov. M. 7, 627.—Optimus Maximus, a standing epithet of Jupiter:(γ).(Juppiter) a majoribus nostris Optimus Maximus (nominatur), et quidem ante optimus, id est beneficentissimus, quam Maximus,
Cic. N. D. 2, 25, 64:Jovem optimum et maximum ob eas res appellant, non quod, etc.,
id. ib. 3, 36, 87:in templo Jovis Optimi Maximi,
id. Sest. 56, 129; id. Prov. Cons. 9, 22:nutu Jovis Optimi Maximi,
id. Cat. 3, 9, 21; Liv. 1, 12, 7; id. 6, 16, 2.—Di boni, O di boni, expressing indignation, sorrow, or surprise:(δ).di boni, hunc visitavi antidhac!
Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 16:di boni, boni quid porto!
Ter. And. 2, 2, 1:di boni, quid hoc morbi est,
id. Eun. 2, 1, 19; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 13; id. Ad. 3, 3, 86:alter, O di boni, quam taeter incedebat!
Cic. Sest. 8, 19; id. Brut. 84, 288; id. Phil. 2, 8, 20; 2, 32, 80; id. Att. 1, 16, 5; 14, 21, 2; Val. Max. 3, 5, 1; Sen. Vit. Beat. 2, 3.—Bona Dea, etc., v. 6.—5.Optimus as a laudatory epithet.(α).Vir optimus:(β).per vos nobis, per optimos viros optimis civibus periculum inferre conantur,
Cic. Sest. 1, 2:virum optimum et constantissimum M. Cispium,
id. ib. 35, 76:fratrem meum, virum optimum, fortissimum,
id. ib.:consolabor hos praesentes, viros optimos,
id. Balb. 19, 44; id. Planc. 21, 51; 23, 55; id. Mil. 14, 38; id. Marcell. 4, 10; id. Att. 5, 1, 5; Hor. S. 1, 6, 53.—Femina bona, optima:(γ).tua conjunx bona femina,
Cic. Phil. 3, 6, 16:hujus sanctissimae feminae atque optimae pater,
id. ib. —Senex, pater, frater, etc.:(δ).optimus: parentes ejus, prudentissimi atque optimi senis,
Cic. Planc. 41, 97:insuevit pater optimus hoc me,
Hor. S. 1, 4, 105; 2, 1, 12:C. Marcelli, fratris optimi,
Cic. Fam. 4, 7, 6; id. Q. Fr. 2, 6 (8), 2; 2, 4, 2.—With proper names ( poet.):(ε).optimus Vergilius,
Hor. S. 1, 6, 54:Maecenas optimus,
id. ib. 1, 5, 27:optime Quinti,
id. Ep. 1, 16, 1.—Esp. as an epithet of the Roman emperors:6.quid tam civile, tam senatorium quam illud, additum a nobis Optimi cognomen?
Plin. Pan. 2, 7:gratias, inquit, ago, optime Princeps!
Sen. Tranq. 14. 4:ex epistula optimi imperatoris Antonini,
Gai. Inst. 1, 102; cf.:bene te patriae pater optime Caesar,
Ov. F. 2, 637:optime Romulae Custos gentis,
Hor. C. 4, 5, 1.—Bonus and Bona, names of deities.(α).Bona Dea, the goddess of Chastity, whose temple could not be entered by males (cf. Macr. S. 1, 12; Lact. 1, 22):(β).Bonae Deae pulvinaribus,
Cic. Pis. 39, 95; id. Mil. 31, 86; id. Fam. 1, 9, 15; cf.in mal. part.,
Juv. 2, 86 sq.; 6, 314 sq.; 6, 335 sq.—Bonus Eventus, Varr. R. R. 1, 1 med.; Amm. 29, 6, 19; Inscr. Orell. 907; 1780 sq.—(γ).Bona Fortuna:(δ).si bona Fortuna veniat, ne intromiseris,
Plaut. Aul. 1, 3, 22:Bonae Fortunae (signum),
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 3, § 7:FORTVNAE BONAE DOMESTICAE,
Inscr. Orell. 1743 sq. —Bona Spes:(ε).Spes Bona, obsecro, subventa mihi,
Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 12:BONAE SPEI,
Aug. Inscr. Grut. 1075, 1.—BONA MENS, Inscr. Orell. 1818 sqq.:B.Mens Bona, si qua dea es, tua me in sacraria dono,
Prop. 3, 24, 19.With nouns denoting things.1.Things concrete, denoting excellence:2.navis bona dicitur non quae pretiosis coloribus picta est... sed stabilis et firma,
Sen. Ep. 76, 13:gladium bonum dices, non cui auratus est balteus, etc., sed cui et ad secandum subtilis acies est, et, etc.,
id. ib. 76, 14:id vinum erit lene et bono colore,
Cato, R. R. 109; Lucr. 2, 418; Ov. Am. 2, 7, 9:tabulas... collocare in bono lumine,
Cic. Brut. 75, 261: ex quavis olea oleum... bonum fieri potest. Cato, R. R. 3:per aestatem boves aquam bonam et liquidam bibant semper curato,
id. ib. 73; cf.:bonae aquae, ironically compared to wine,
Prop. 2, 33 (3, 31), 28:praedium bonum caelum habeat,
good temperature, Cato, R. R. 1:bona tempestate,
in good weather, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 2, 4:(praedium) solo bono valeat,
by good soil, Cato, R. R. 1:bonae (aedes) cum curantur male,
Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 24:villam bonam,
Cic. Off. 3, 13, 55:bonus pons,
Cat. 17, 5:scyphi optimi (= optime facti),
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 14, § 32:perbona toreumata,
id. ib. 2, 4, 18, §38: bona domicilia,
comfortable residences, id. N. D. 2, 37, 95:agrum Meliorem nemo habet,
Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 12:fundum meliorem,
Cic. Inv. 1, 31, 52: fundos optimos et fructuosissimos, id. Agr. 3, 4, 14:equus melior,
id. Inv. 1, 31, 52:bona cena,
Cat. 13, 3:boni nummi,
good, not counterfeit, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 144; Cic. Off. 3, 23, 91:super omnia vultus accessere boni,
good looks, Ov. M. 8, 678:mulier bona forma,
of a fine form, Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 13:equus formae melioris,
Hor. S. 2, 7, 52:tam bona cervix, simul ac jussero, demetur,
fine, beautiful, Suet. Calig. 33:fruges bonae,
Cat. 34, 19:ova suci melioris,
of better flavor, Hor. S. 2, 4, 13.— Trop.:animus aequus optimum est aerumnae condimentum,
Plaut. Rud. 2, 3, 71: bona dextra, a lucky hand (cf.:bonum omen, 2. e.),
Quint. 6, 3, 69:scio te bona esse voce, ne clama nimis,
good, sound, loud voice, Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 43; so,bona firmaque vox,
Quint. 11, 3, 13.—Things abstract.a.Of physical well-being:b.ut si qui neget sine bona valetudine posse bene vivi,
Cic. Inv. 1, 51, 93; Sen. Vit. Beat. 22, 2; Lucr. 3, 102; Val. Max. 2, 5, 6; Quint. 10, 3, 26; 11, 2, 35 et saep.:non bonus somnus de prandio est,
Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 8:bona aetas,
prime of life, Cic. Sen. 14, 48:optima aetate,
id. Fam. 10, 3, 3.—Ironically:bona, inquis, aetate, etc.,
Sen. Ep. 76, 1.—Of the mind and soul:c.meliore esse sensu,
Cic. Sest. 21, 47:optima indoles,
id. Fin. 5, 22, 61:bona conscientia,
Quint. 6, 1, 33; 9, 2, 93; Sen. Vit. Beat. 20, 5:bono ingenio me esse ornatam quam auro multo mavolo,
with a good heart, Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 91; id. Stich. 1, 21, 59; Sall. C. 10, 5:mens melior,
Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 78; Cic. Phil. 3, 5, 13; Liv. 39, 16, 5; Sen. Ben. 1, 11, 4; id. Ep. 10, 4; Pers. 2, 8; Petr. 61.—Personified, Prop. 3 (4), 24, 19; Ov. Am. 1, 2, 31:duos optimae indolis filios,
Val. Max. 5, 7, 2; Sen. Ben. 6, 16, 6; Quint. 1, 2, 5:bonum consilium,
Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 6; id. Rud. 4, 3, 18; Cic. Off. 1, 33, 121:bona voluntas,
a good purpose, Quint. 12, 11, 31:memoria bona,
Cic. Att. 8, 4, 2:bona ratio cum perdita... confligit,
id. Cat. 2, 11, 25:bonae rationes,
Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 50:pronuntiatio bona,
Auct. Her. 3, 15, 27.—Of moral relations:d.ego si bonam famam mihi servasso, sat ero dives,
Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 71; Cic. Sest. 66, 139; Liv. 6, 11, 7; Hor. S. 1, 2, 61 (cf. Cic. Att. 7, 26, 1;v. e. infra): si ego in causa tam bona cessi tribuni plebis furori,
Cic. Sest. 16, 36; id. Planc. 36, 87; Ov. M. 5, 220:fac, sis, bonae frugi sies,
of good, regular habits, Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 35; id. Cas. 2, 4, 5; 2, 5, 19; id. Ps. 1, 5, 53; id. Truc. 1, 1, 13; id. Capt. 5, 2, 3 sq. (v. frux, II. B. 1. b.): vilicus disciplina bona utatur. Cato, R. R. 5:bona studia,
moral pursuits, Auct. Her. 4, 17, 25:quidquid vita meliore parasti,
Hor. S. 2, 3, 15: ad spem mortis melioris, an honorable death; so as an epithet of religious exercises:Juppiter, te bonas preces precor,
Cato, R. R. 134; 139.—Of external, artistic, and literary value and usefulness:e.bono usui estis nulli,
Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 15:Optumo optume optumam operam das,
id. Am. 1, 1, 122:bonam dedistis mihi operam,
a valuable service to me, id. Poen. 2, 3, 70; 3, 6, 11; id. Pers. 4, 7, 11; id. Rud. 3, 6, 11 (in a different sense: me bona opera aut mala Tibi inventurum esse auxilium argentarium, by fair or unfair means, id. Ps. 1, 1, 102;v. e. infra): optima hereditas a patribus traditur liberis... gloria virtutis rerumque gestarum,
Cic. Off. 1, 33, 121:bonum otium,
valuable leisure, Sall. C. 4, 1:bonis versibus,
Cic. Ac. 2, 23, 74:versus meliores,
Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 81:meliora poemata,
Hor. A. P. 303:in illa pro Ctesiphonte oratione longe optima,
Cic. Or. 8, 26:optimas fabulas,
id. Off. 1, 31, 114:melius munus,
id. Ac. 1, 2, 7.—Favorable, prosperous, lucky, fortunate:f.de Procilio rumores non boni,
unfavorable rumors, Cic. Att. 4, 16, 5:bona de Domitio, praeclara de Afranio fama est,
about their success in the war, id. ib. 7, 26, 1:si fuisset in discipulo comparando meliore fortuna,
id. Pis. 29, 71; cf.fortuna optima esse,
to be in the best pecuniary circumstances, id. ad Brut. 1, 1, 2:occasio tam bona,
Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 9:senex est eo meliore condicione quam adulesoens cum, etc.,
Cic. Sen. 19, 68; id. Fam. 4, 32:bona navigatio,
id. N. D. 3, 34, 83;esp. in phrase bona spes.—Object.: ergo in iis adulescentibus bonam spem esse dicemus et magnam indolem quos, etc.,
Cic. Fin. 2, 35, 117.—Subject.:ego sum spe bona,
Cic. Fam. 12, 28, 3; id. Cat. 2, 11, 25; [p. 245] id. Att. 14, 1 a, 3; id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 5, § 16:optima spe,
id. Fam. 12, 11, 2.—Pregn., = spes bonarum rerum, Sall. C. 21, 1;v. C. 1. c. infra: meliora responsa,
more favorable, Liv. 7, 21, 6:melior interpretatio,
Tac. H. 3, 65:cum laude et bonis recordationibus,
id. A. 4, 38:amnis Doctus iter melius,
i. e. less injurious, Hor. A. P. 68:omen bonum,
a good, lucky omen, Cic. Pis. 13, 31; cf.Liv. praef. § 13: melius omen,
Ov. F. 1, 221;optimum,
Cic. Fam. 3, 12, 2:bona scaeva,
Plaut. Stich. 5, 2, 24:auspicio optumo,
id. ib. 3, 2, 6; cf.:memini bene, sed meliore Tempore dicam = opportuniore tempore,
Hor. S. 1, 9, 68.—Of public affairs, si mihi bona re publica frui non licuerit, Cic. Mil. 34, 93:g.optima res publica,
id. Or. 1, 1, 1; id. Phil. 1, 8, 19:minus bonis temporibus,
id. Dom. 4, 8; so,optimis temporibus,
id. Sest. 3, 6:nostrae res meliore loco videbantur,
id. ad Brut. 1, 3, 1:lex optima,
id. Pis. 16, 37; id. Sest. 64, 137; id. Phil, 1, 8, 19.—Good = large, considerable:h.bono atque amplo lucro,
Plaut. Am. prol. 6:bona librorum copia,
Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 109; cf.:bona copia cornu,
Ov. M. 9, 88; v. bona pars, C. 8. g.—Noble; with genus, good family, noble extraction, honorable birth: quali me arbitraris genere prognatum? Eu. Bono, Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 35; so id. Ep. 1, 2, 4; 2, 1, 3; id. Pers. 4, 4, 94:k.si bono genere natus sit,
Auct. Her. 3, 7, 13.—Referring to good-will, kindness, faithfulness, in certain phrases.(α).Bona venia or cum bona venia, with the kind permission of a person addressed, especially bona venia orare, expetere, etc.:(β).primum abs te hoc bona venia expeto,
Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 31:bona tua venia dixerim,
Cic. Leg. 3, 15, 34:oravit bona venia Quirites, ne, etc.,
Liv. 7, 41, 3:obsecro vos.. bona venia vestra liceat, etc.,
id. 6, 40, 10:cum bona venia quaeso audiatis, etc.,
id. 29, 17, 6; Arn. c. Gent. 1, p. 5; cf.. sed des veniam bonus oro = venia bona oro,
Hor. S. 2, 4, 5.—Bona pax, without quarrelling:(γ).bona pax sit potius,
let us have no quarrel about that, Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 7;so especially cum bona pace, or bona pace: Hannibal ad Alpis cum bona pace incolentium... pervenit,
without a difficulty with the inhabitants, Liv. 21, 32, 6; 21, 24, 5; 1, 24, 3; 28, 37, 4; 8, 15, 1; cf.: si bonam (pacem) dederitis, = a fair peace, under acceptable conditions, id. 8, 21, 4.—Amicitia bona = bona fide servata, faithful, undisturbed friendship:(δ).igitur amicitia Masinissae bona atque honesta nobis permansit,
Sall. J. 5, 5.—Bona societas, alliance:C.Segestes, memoria bonae societatis, impavidus,
Tac. A. 1, 58.In particular phrases.1.Bonae res.a.= Vitae commoda, comforts of life, abstract or concrete:b.concedatur bonis rebus homines morte privari,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 36, 87:optimis rebus usus est,
he had every most desirable thing, Nep. Att. 18, 1.—= Res secundae, opp. res adversae, prosperity:c.bonis rebus tuis, meas irrides malas,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 45:in bonis rebus,
Hor. C. 2, 3, 2. —Res bona = res familiaris bona, wealth ( poet.): in re bona esse, Laber. ap. Gell. 10, 17, 4.—Also an object of value:d.homines quibus mala abunde omnia erant, sed neque res neque spes bona ulla,
who had no property, nor the hope of any, Sall. C. 21, 1. —Costly things, articles of luxury:e.capere urbem in Arabia plenam bonarum rerum,
Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 46; 4, 4, 82:nimium rei bonae,
id. Stich. 2, 3, 55:ignorantia bonarum rerum,
Nep. Ages. 8, 5 ' bonis rebus gaudere, Hor. S. 2, 6, 110:re bona copiosum esse,
Gell. 16, 19, 7.—Moral, morally good:f.illi cum res non bonas tractent,
Cic. Ac. 2, 33, 72:ut de virtutibus et vitiis, omninoque de bonis rebus et malis quaererent,
id. ib. 1, 4, 15:quid habemus in rebus bonis et malis explorati?
id. ib. 2, 42, 129; so id. Or. 1, 10, 42; id. Leg. 1, 22, 58:quae tamen omnia dulciora fuint et moribus bonis et artibus,
id. Sen. 18, 65.—In literary composition, important or interesting matter, subjects, or questions:2.res bonas verbis electis dictas quis non legat?
Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 8:studiis generorum, praesertim in re bona,
Plaut. Am. 8, 26.—Bonae artes.(α).A good, laudable way of dealing:(β).qui praeclari facinoris aut artis bonae famam quaerit,
Sall. C. 2, 9:huic bonae artes desunt, dolis atque fallaciis contendit,
id. ib. 11, 2:quod is bonarum artium cupiens erat,
Tac. A. 6, 46.—Liberal arts and sciences:3.litteris aut ulli bonae arti,
Quint. 12, 1, 7:conservate civem bonarum artium, bonarum partium, bonorum virorum,
Cic. Sest. 32, 77. —Esp.:optimae artes: optimarum artium scientia,
Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 4; id. Ac. 2, 1, 1; id. Cael. 10, 24; id. Marcell. 1, 4.—Bona fides, or fides bona.a.Good faith, i. e. conscious honesty in acts or words: qui nummos fide bona solvit, who pays (the price of labor) in good faith, i. e. as it is honestly earned, Cato, R. R. 14:b.dic, bona fide, tu id aurum non subripuisti?
Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 46; 4, 10, 47; id. Capt. 4, 2, 111; id. Most. 3, 1, 137; id. Poen. 1, 3, 30; id. Pers. 4, 3, 16; id. Ps. 4, 6, 33:si tibi optima fide omnia concessit,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 49, 144; Quint. 10, 3, 23.—Hence, bonae fidei vir, a conscientious man, Quint. 10, 7, 1.—Jurid. t. t.(α).Good faith in contracts and legal acts in general, opposed to dolus malus, honesty and fairness in dealing with another:(β).ad fidem bonam statuit pertinere, notum esse emptori vitium quod nosset venditor,
Cic. Off. 3, 16, 67.—Hence, alienam rem bona fide emere, to buy, believing the seller to be the rightful owner, Dig. 41, 3, 10; 41, 3, 13, § 1. bonae fidei possessor (also possessio), believing that he is the rightful owner, ib. 5, 3, 25, § 11; 5, 3, 22; 41, 3, 15, § 2;41, 3, 24: conventio contra bonam fidem et mores bonos,
ib. 16, 31, § 7: bonam fidem praestare, to be responsible for one ' s good faith, ib. 17, 1, 10 prooem.—Hence,Bonae fidei actiones or judicia, actions in equity, i. e. certain classes of actions in which the strict civil law was set aside by the praetorian edict in favor of equity:4.actiones quaedam bonae fidei sunt, quaedam stricti juris. Bonae fidei sunt haec: exempto vendito, locato conducto, etc.,
Just. Inst. 4, 6, 28, § 19.—In the republican time the praetor added in such actions to his formula for the judex the words ex fide bona, or, in full:quidquid dare facere oportet ex fide bona,
Cic. Off. 3, 16, 66:iste dolus malus et legibus erat vindicatus, et sine lege, judiciis in quibus additur ex fide bona,
id. ib. 3, 15, 61; cf. id. ib. 3, 17, 70.—Bona verba.(α).Kind words:(β).Bona verba quaeso,
Ter. And. 1, 2, 33.—Words of good omen (v. omen):(γ).dicamus bona verba,
Tib. 2, 2, 1:dicite suffuso ter bona verba mero,
Ov. F. 2, 638.—Elegant or well-chosen expressions:(δ).quid est tam furiosum quam verborum vel optimorum atque ornatissimorum sonitus inanis,
Cic. Or. 1, 12, 51:verborum bonorum cursu,
id. Brut. 66, 233:omnia verba sunt alicubi optima,
Quint. 10, 1, 9.—Moral sayings:5.non est quod contemnas bona verba et bonis cogitationibus plena praecordia,
Sen. Vit. Beat. 20, 1. —Bona dicta.(α).Polite, courteous language:(β).hoc petere me precario a vobis jussit leniter dictis bonis,
Plaut. Am. prol. 25.—Witticisms ( bon-mots): flammam a sapiente facilius ore in ardente opprimi, quam bona dicta teneat, Enn. ap. Cic. Or. 2, 54, 222:6.dico unum ridiculum dictum de dictis melioribus quibus solebam menstruales epulas ante adipiscier,
Plaut. Capt. 3, 1, 22:ibo intro ad libros ut discam de dictis melioribus,
id. Stich. 2, 3, 75.—Bona facta.(α).= bene facta (v. bene, I. B. 2. b.), laudable deeds:(β).nobilitas ambobus et majorum bona facta (sc. erant),
Tac. A. 3, 40.—Bonum factum est, colloq., = bene est, bene factum est (v. bene, I. B. 2. b.):(γ).bonum factum est, ut edicta servetis mea,
Plaut. Poen. prol. 16:haec imperata quae sunt pro imperio histrico, bonum hercle factum (est) pro se quisque ut meminerit,
id. ib. 45.— Hence,Elliptically, introducing commands which cannot be enforced, = if you will do so, it will be well:7.peregrinis in senatum allectis, libellus propositus est: bonum factum, ne quis senatori novo curiam monstrare velit,
Suet. Caes. 80:et Chaldaeos edicere: bonum factum, ne Vitellius... usquam esset,
id. Vit. 14:hac die Carthaginem vici: bonum factum, in Capitolium eamus, et deos supplicemus,
Aur. Vict. 49; cf.:o edictum, cui adscribi non poterit bonum factum,
Tert. Pud. 1.—Bona gratia.(α).A friendly understanding:(β).cur non videmus inter nos haec potius cum bona Ut componantur gratia quam cum mala?
Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 17; so,per gratiam bonam abire,
to part with good feelings, Plaut. Mil. 4, 3, 33.—In jest: sine bona gratia abire, of things cast away, Plaut Truc. 2, 7, 15.—Pleon., in the phrase bonam gratiam habere, = gratiam habere, to thank (v. B. 2. k.), Plaut. Rud. 2, 5, 32; id. Bacch. 4, 8, 99.—8.Bona pars.(α).The well-disposed part of a body of persons:(β).ut plerumque fit, major pars (i. e. of the senate) meliorem vicit,
Liv. 21, 4, 1:pars melior senatus ad meliora responsa trahere,
id. 7, 21, 6.—The good party, i. e. the optimates (gen. in plur.):(γ).civem bonarum partium,
Cic. Sest. 32, 77:(fuit) meliorum partium aliquando,
id. Cael. 6, 13:qui sibi gratiam melioris partis velit quaesitam,
Liv. 2, 44, 3.—Paronom.: (Roscius) semper partium in re publica tam quam in scaena optimarum, i. e. party and part in a drama, Cic. Sest. 56, 120.—Of things or persons, a considerable part (cf. a good deal):(δ).bonam partem ad te adtulit,
Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 43:bonam partem sermonis in hunc diem esse dilatam,
Cic. Or. 2, 3, 14:bonam magnamque partem exercitus,
Val. Max. 5, 2, ext. 4:bona pars noctium,
Quint. 12, 11, 19:bona pars hominum,
Hor. S. 1, 1, 61:meae vocis... bona pars,
id. C. 4, 2, 46; so id. A. P. 297; Ov. P. 1, 8, 74:melior pars diei,
Verg. A. 9, 156.—Rarely, and mostly eccl. Lat.: optima pars, the best part or lot:(ε).nostri melior pars animus est,
Sen. Q. N. 1, prooem. § 14; cf.:quae pars optima est in homine,
best, most valuable, Cic. Tusc. 5, 23, 67:major pars aetatis, certe melior reipublicae data sit,
Sen. Brev. Vit. 18, 1:Maria optimam partem elegit, quae non auferetur ab ea,
Vulg. Luc. 10, 42.—Adverb.:(ζ).bonam partem = ex magna parte,
Lucr. 6, 1249.—Aliquem in optimam partem cognoscere, to know somebody from his most favorable side, Cic. Off. 2, 13, 46: aliquid in optimam partem accipere, to take something in good part, interpret it most favorably:9.Caesar mihi ignoscit quod non venerim, seseque in optimam partem id accipere dicit,
id. Att. 10, 3 a, 2; id. ad Brut. 1, 2, 3:quaeso ut hoc in bonam partem accipias,
id. Rosc. Am. 16, 45.—Dies bonus or bona.(α).A day of good omen, a fortunate day (= dies laetus, faustus):(β).tum tu igitur die bono, Aphrodisiis, addice, etc.,
Plaut. Poen. 2, 49:nunc dicenda bona sunt bona verba die,
Ov. F. 1, 72.—A beautiful, serene day, Sen. Vit. Beat. 22, 3.—10.Bonus mos.(α).Boni mores, referring to individuals, good, decent, moral habits:(β).nihil est amabilius quam morum similitudo bonorum,
Cic. Off. 1, 17, 56:nam hic nimium morbus mores invasit bonos,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 1, 6:domi militiaeque boni mores colebantur,
Sall. C. 9, 1:propter ejus suavissimos et optimos mores,
Cic. Phil. 3, 5, 13:cum per tot annos matronae optimis moribus vixerint,
Liv. 34, 6, 9:mores meliores,
Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 18.—Bonus mos or boni mores, in the abstract, morality, the laws, rules of morality: ei vos morigerari mos bonu'st, it is a rule of morality that you should, etc., Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 4:11.ex optimo more et sanctissima disciplina,
Cic. Phil. 2, 28, 69:neglegentia boni moris,
Sen. Ep. 97, 1.—Jurid. t. t.:conventio, mandatum contra bonos mores,
in conflict with morality, Quint. 3, 1, 57; Dig. 16, 3, 1, § 7; Gai. Inst. 3, 157 et saep. —Adverbial phrases.a.Bono animo esse, or bonum animum habere.(α).To be of good cheer or courage:(β).bono animo es! Liberabit ille te homo,
Plaut. Merc 3, 1, 33; so id. Aul. 4, 10, 61; id. Mil. 4, 8, 32; id. Rud. 3, 3, 17; Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 4; id. Heaut. 4, 6, 18; id. Ad. 2, 4, 20; 3, 5, 1; 4, 2, 4; 4, 5, 62; id. Phorm. 5, 8, 72:animo bono es,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 103; id. Am. 2, 2, 48; 5, 2, 1:bono animo es, inquit Scrofa, et fiscinam expedi,
Varr. R. R. 1, 26:bono animo sint et tui et mei familiares,
Cic. Fam. 6, 18, 1; 6, 10, 29:bono animo esse jubere eam consul,
Liv. 39, 13, 7:habe modo bonum animum,
Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 58; so id. Am. 1, 3, 47; id. Truc. 2, 6, 44; id. Aul. 2, 2, 15:habe animum bonum,
id. Cas. 2, 6, 35; id. Ep. 2, 2, 1; 4, 2, 31:bonum animum habe,
Liv. 45, 8, 5:clamor ortus ut bonum animum haberet,
id. 8, 32, 1; so Sen. Ep. 87, 38.—Bono animo esse, or facere aliquid, to be of a good or friendly disposition, or to do with good, honest intentions:(γ).audire jubet vos imperator histricus, bonoque ut animo sedeant in subselliis qui, etc.,
Plaut. Poen. prol. 5: sunt enim (consules) [p. 246] optimo animo, summo consilio, of the best disposition, Cic. Phil. 3, 1, 2:bono te animo tum populus Romanus... dicere existimavit ea quae sentiebatis, sed, etc.,
id. Imp. Pomp. 19, 56:quod nondum bono animo in populum Romanum viderentur,
Caes. B. G. 1, 6; Quint. 7, 4, 15.—Bonus animus, good temper, patience:b.bonus animus in mala re dimidium mali est,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 37:vos etiam hoc animo meliore feratis,
Ov. M. 9, 433.—Bono modo.(α).= placide, with composure, moderation:(β).si quis quid deliquerit, pro noxa bono modo vindicet,
Cato, R. R. 5:haec tibi tam sunt defendenda quam moenia, mihi autem bono modo, tantum quantum videbitur,
Cic. Ac. 2, 44, 137.—In a decent manner:c.neu quisquam prohibeto filium quin amet... quod bono fiat modo,
Plaut. Merc. 5, 4, 62. —Jure optimo or optimo jure, with good, perfect right:II.te ipse jure optumo incuses licet,
Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 23; id. Rud. 2, 6, 53:ut jure optimo me deserere posses,
Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 6; Sen. Ot. Sap. 2 (29), 2.—With pass. or intr. verb, deservedly:ne jure optimo irrideamur,
Cic. Off. 1, 31, 111; cf. id. ib. 1, 42, 151; id. Marcell. 1, 4;similarly, optimo judicio,
Val. Max. 2, 9, 2.As subst.A.bŏnus, boni, m.; of persons.1.In sing. or plur. orig. = bonus vir, boni viri; v. I. A. 1. a. b, supra, a morally good man.(α).Plur.:(β).bonis quod bene fit haud perit,
Plaut. Rud. 4, 3, 2; id. Capt. 2, 2, 108; id. Trin. 2, 1, 55; id. Pers. 4, 5, 2:melius apud bonos quam apud fortunatos beneficium collocari puto,
Cic. Off. 2, 20, 71:verum esse ut bonos boni diligant, quamobrem... bonis inter bonos quasi necessariam (esse) benevolentiam,
id. Lael. 14, 50:diverso itinere malos a bonis loca taetra... habere,
Sall. C. 52, 13; 7, 2; 52, 22:oderunt peccare boni virtutis amore,
Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 52:tam bonis quam malis conduntur urbes,
Sen. Ben. 4, 28, 4; so id. Vit. Beat. 15, 6; Quint. 9, 2, 76.—Rarely bŏnae, arum, f., good women:quia omnes bonos bonasque adcurare addecet, etc.,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 41.—Sing.:2.malus bonum malum esse volt ut sit sui similis,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 8:nec enim cuique bono mali quidquam evenire potest,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 41, 99; cf.:qui meliorem audax vocet in jus,
Hor. S. 2, 5, 29.—Bonus, a man of honor.(α).A brave man:(β).pro qua (patria) quis bonus dubitet mortem oppetere si ei sit profuturus?
Cic. Off. 1, 17, 57:libertatem quam nemo bonus nisi cum anima simul amittat,
Sall. C. 33, 5:fortes creantur fortibus et bonis,
Hor. C. 4, 4, 29 (opp. ignavi):fama impari boni atque ignavi erant,
Sall. J. 57, 6; 53, 8; id. C. 11, 2. —A gentleman:3. (α).quis enim umquam, qui paululum modo bonorum consuetudinem nosset, litteras ad se ab amico missas... in medium protulit?
Cic. Phil. 2, 4, 7.—In gen. (of political sentiments, = optimates, opp. populares, seditiosi, perditi cives, etc.;(β).so usu. in Cic.): meam causam omnes boni proprie enixeque susceperant,
Cic. Sest. 16, 38:audaces homines et perditi nutu impelluntur... boni, nescio quomodo, tardiores sunt, etc.,
id. ib. 47, 100:ego Kal. Jan. senatum et bonos omnes legis agrariae... metu liberavi,
id. Pis. 2, 4:etenim omnes boni, quantum in ipsis fuit, Caesarem occiderunt,
id. Phil. 2, 13, 29; id. Fam. 5, 2, 8; 5, 21, 2; id. Sest. 2, 5; 16, 36; 48, 103; id. Planc. 35, 86; id. Mil. 2, 5; id. Off. 2. 12, 43:maledictis increpat omnes bonos,
Sall. C. 21, 4; 19, 2; 33, 3; Hirt. B. G. 8, 22; so,optimi,
Cic. Leg. 3, 17, 37; and, ironically, boni identified with the rich:bonorum, id est lautorum et locupletum,
id. Att. 8, 1, 3.—Without reference to political views;4.opp. vulgus (rare): nihil ego istos moror fatuos mores quibus boni dedecorant se,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 22:semper in civitate quibus opes nullae sunt bonis invident,
Sall. C. 37, 3:elatus est sine ulla pompa funeris, comitantibus omnibus bonis, maxima vulgi frequentia,
Nep. Att. 22, 2.—So, mĕlĭōres, um, m., one ' s betters:ut quaestui habeant male loqui melioribus,
Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 13:da locum melioribus,
Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 37.—Boni, bone, in addresses, as an expression of courtesy, Hor. S. 2, 2, 1; 2, 6, 51; 2, 6, 95; id. Ep. 2, 2, 37; ironice, id. S. 2, 3, 31.—5.Optimus quisque = quivis bonus, omnes boni.(α).Referring to morality:(β).esse aliquid natura pulcrum quod optimus quisque sequeretur,
every good man, Cic. Sen. 13, 43:qui ita se gerebant ut sua consilia optimo cuique probarent, optimates habebantur,
id. Sest. 45, 96; id. Off. 1, 43, 154; id. Fin. 1, 7, 24; id. Sest. 54, 115; and = even the best:quare deus optimum quemque mala valetudine adficit?
Sen. Prov. 4, 8.—Of the educated classes:(γ). (δ).adhibenda est quaedam reverentia adversus homines, et optimi cujusque et reliquorum,
Cic. Off. 1, 28, 99; cf. id. ib. 1, 25, 85:Catilina plerisque consularibus, praeterea optumo cuique, litteras mittit,
Sall. C. 34, 2:optimo cuique infesta libertas,
Sen. Ot. Sap. 8, 2 (32 fin.).—In gen., excellent:(ε).optimus quisque facere quam dicere... malebat,
Sall. C. 8, 5.—Distributively:(ζ).ita imperium semper ad optumum quemque a minus bono transfertur,
to the best man in each instance, Sall. C. 2, 6.—Referring to another superlative ( = quo quisque melior eo magis, etc.):(η).hic aditus laudis qui semper optimo cuique maxime patuit,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 1, 1; so id. Lael. 4, 14; id. Inv. 2, 11, 36; Sen. Vit. Beat. 18, 1.—Attributively, with a noun:2. 1.optimam quamque causam,
Cic. Sest. 43, 93:optima quaeque dies,
Verg. G. 3, 66.Bonum, or plur. bona, a good, or goods in a moral and metaphysical sense, a moral good, a blessing: sunt autem hae de finibus defensae sententiae: nihil bonum nisi honestum, ut Stoici; nihil bonum nisi voluptatem, ut Epicurus;2.nihil bonum nisi vacuitatem doloris, ut Hieronymus... tria genera bonorum, maxima animi, secunda corporis, externa tertia, ut Peripatetici, etc.,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 30, 84 sq.:quid est igitur bonum? Si quid recte fit et honeste et cum virtute, id bene fieri vere dicitur, et quod rectum et honestum et cum virtute est, id solum opinor bonum,
id. Par. 1, 1, 9:ut quis intellegat, quid sit illud simplex et verum bonum quod non possit ab honestate sejungi,
id. Ac. 1, 2, 7:non-est igitur voluptas bonum,
id. Fin. 1, 11, 39: finis bonorum et malorum (telos agathôn) = summa bona et mala:sunt nonnullae disciplinae quae, propositis bonorum et malorum finibus, officium omne pervertant. Nam qui summum bonum sic instituit ut, etc.,
id. Off. 1, 2, 5; cf. id. Par. 1, 3, 14; id. Ac. 2, 9, 29; 2, 36, 114; 2, 42, 129; id. Fin. 1, 9, 29; 1, 12, 42; id. Tusc. 4, 31, 66; Sen. Vit. Beat. 24, 5; id. Ep. 117, 1 et saep.—Bonum, what is valuable, beneficial, estimable, favorable, pleasant, physically or mentally:3.quoi boni Tantum adfero quantum ipsus a diis optat,
Plaut. Capt. 4, 1, 9:multa bona vobis volt facere,
will do you much good, id. Poen. 5, 4, 60; id. Am. prol. 43, 49; id. Pers. 4, 8, 4; 2, 3, 14; id. Cas. 2, 8, 32:tum demum nostra intellegemus bona quom ea amisimus,
id. Capt. 1, 2, 33:multa tibi di dent bona,
id. Poen. 1, 1, 80; cf. id. ib. 3, 3, 54; 3, 3, 74; id. Mil. 3, 1, 120; id. Men. 3, 3, 34; id. Pers. 4, 3, 23; id. Truc. 1, 2, 23; id. Merc. 1, 2, 40; id. Most. 1, 1, 47:omnia Bona dicere,
to speak in the highest terms of one, Ter. And. 1, 1, 70:sed ne vivus quidem bono caret, si eo non indiget,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 36, 88:cum quaecumque bona Peripateticis, eadem Stoicis commoda viderentur,
id. ib. 5, 41, 120:nihil enim boni nosti,
nothing that is good for any thing, id. Phil. 2, 7, 16:mala pro bonis legere dementia est,
Sen. Vit. Beat. 6, 1; Val. Max. 5, 3, ext. 3 fin.; Hor. S. 1, 2, 73:quia bonum sit valere,
a good thing, Cic. Fin. 4, 23, 62 (cf. III. A. 5. infra):melius: quo quidem haud scio an... quidquam melius sit homini a dis immortalibus datum,
id. Lael. 6, 20:meliora... Aristotelem de istis rebus scripsisse,
id. Or. 1, 10, 43:optimum: difficillimum est formam exponere optimi,
id. ib. 11, 36.— Here belongs the phrase boni consulere;v. consulo.—So after prepositions: in bonum vertere, v. under verto: in melius ire,
to change for the better, Tac. A. 12, 68.—In the same sense: in melius aliquid referre, or reflectere ( poet.), Verg. A. 1, 281; 11, 426; 10, 632:ad melius transcurrere,
to pass over to something better, Hor. S. 2, 2, 82.—Bonum or bona, prosperity:4.fortiter malum qui patitur, idem post patitur bonum,
Plaut. As. 2, 2, 58:nulli est homini perpetuum bonum,
id. Curc. 1, 3, 33:unā tecum bona, mala tolerabimus,
Ter. Phorm. 3, 3, 23:quibus in bonis fuerint et nunc quibus in malis sint, ostenditur ( = in secundis, in adversis rebus),
Cic. Inv. 1, 55, 107.—Good qualities, gifts:5.omnia adsunt bona, quem penes'st virtus,
Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 30:magnis illi et divinis bonis hanc licentiam adsequebantur,
Cic. Off. 1, 41, 148:nisi qui se suā gravitate et castimoniā... tum etiam naturali quodam bono defenderet, etc.,
id. Cael. 5, 11:hunc meā sententiā divinis quibusdam bonis instructum atque ornatum puto,
id. ib. 17, 39:non intellego quod bonum cuiquam sit apud tales viros profuturum,
id. Balb. 28, 63:gaude isto tuo tam excellenti bono,
id. Marcell. 6, 19; so id. Imp. Pomp. 16, 49.—Advantage, benefit:6.si plus adipiscare, re explicatā, boni, quam addubitatā mali,
Cic. Off. 1, 24, 83:saepe cogitavi bonine an mali plus adtulerit... eloquentiae studium,
id. Inv. 1, 1, 1; 2, 35, 106; id. Off. 2, 2, 5; id. Sest. 10, 24:maximum bonum in celeritate ponebat,
Sall. C. 43, 4; so, bono publico (abl.), for the public good:hoc ita si fit, publico fiat bono,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 183; Liv. 2, 44, 3; Dig. 41, 3, 1.—With aequum, what is fair and good, the fair ( thing), fairness, equity:7. a.si bonum aequomque oras,
Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 149; so id. Pers. 3, 1, 71; id. Rud. 1, 2, 94; id. Men. 4, 2, 11:si tu aliquam partem aequi bonique dixeris,
Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 32; id. Heaut. 4, 1, 29; id. Ad. 1, 1, 39:a quo vivo nec praesens nec absens quidquam aequi bonique impetravit,
Cic. Phil. 2, 37, 94.—Hence, aequo et bono, or ex aequo et bono, in ( with) fairness, in equity, Ter. Ad. 5, 9, 30; Auct. Her. 2, 10, 14; 2, 12, 18; 2, 13, 20; Gai. Inst. 3, 137: aequi bonique, as gen. of value, with facere:istuc, Chreme, Aequi bonique facio,
I place a fair and proper value on it, Ter. Heaut. 4, 5, 40.—In gen.:b.paterna oportet reddi filio bona,
Plaut. Poen. 5, 2, 120:bona sua med habiturum omnia,
id. Truc. 2, 4, 49; cf. id. ib. 2, 7, 6; 4, 2, 29; id. Rud. 2, 6, 22; id. Most. 1, 3, 77; id. Trin. 4, 4, 3; Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 4:bona mea diripiebantur atque ad consulem deferebantur,
Cic. Sest. 24, 54:cum de capite, civis et de bonis proscriptio ferretur,
id. ib. 30, 65:bona, fortunas, possessiones omnium,
id. Caecin. 13, 38:at mulctantur bonis exsules,
id. Tusc. 5, 37, 106; id. Off. 2, 23, 81; id. Par. 1, 1, 7; id. Sest. 19, 42; 43, 94; 52, 111; id. Phil. 2, 26, 64; Caes. B. G. 7, 3; Liv. 2, 3, 5; 2, 5, 5; 4, 15, 8; Tac. A. 2, 48; Quint. 6, 1, 19 et saep.—Bonorum possessio, the possession of one ' s property by another.(α).Bonorum possessio in consequence of bonorum cessio, i. e. an assignment of one ' s property for the benefit of creditors, Dig. 42, tit. 3.—(β).Bonorum possessio granted by the prætor against a contumacious or insolvent debtor (in bona mittere, in bona ire jubere, bona possidere jubere, etc.); cf. Dig. 42, tit. 4:(γ).postulat a Burrieno Naevius ut ex edicto bona possidere liceat,
Cic. Quint. 6, 25, and the whole of c. 8:edixit... neu quis militis... bona possideret aut venderet,
Liv. 2, 24, 6:bona proscribere,
to offer the property thus transferred for sale, Cic. Quint. 6, 25.—Chiefly referring to the property of a defunct person (hereditas), where the prætor, till the heir had proved his right, granted a bonorum possessio secundum tabulas or contra tabulas, Dig. 37, tit. 4; 37, tit. 11.—c.In bonis esse;III.with reference to the older civil law, which distinguished between civil property (habere rem ex jure Quiritium) and natural property (rem in bonis habere, res in bonis est),
Gai. Inst. 2, 40, 41; Dig. 40, 12, 38, § 2; 37, 6, 2, § 1; 37, 6, 3, § 2; ib. Fragm. 1, 16; Gai. Inst. 1, 22; 1, 35; 1, 222; 1, 167; Dig. 1, 8, 1; 27, 10, 10:neque bonorum possessorum, neque... res pleno jure fiunt, sed in bonis efficiuntur,
ib. Fragm. 3, 80.—Hence, nullam omnino arbitrabamur de eā hereditate controversiam eum habiturum, et est hodie in bonis, i. e. [p. 247] the bonorum possessio has been granted to him, which did not give full ownership, but effected only that the hereditas was in bonis. Cic. Fam. 13, 30, 1.Predicative use.A.With nouns or pronouns as subjects.1.Bonum esse, to be morally good, honest:2.nunc mihi bonae necessum est esse ingratiis, Quamquam esse nolo,
Plaut. Cist. 2, 3, 82:bonam ego quam beatam me esse nimio dici mavolo,
id. Poen. 1, 2, 93; so id. Capt. 2, 1, 44; id. Men. 4, 2, 6; id. Rud. prol. 29:itaque viros fortes magnanimos eosdem, bonos et simplices... esse volumus,
Cic. Off. 1, 19, 63; cf. id. ib. 3, 21, 84; id. Att. 15, 6, 1:Cato esse quam videri bonus malebat,
Sall. C. 54, 5:ut politiora, non ut meliora fiant ingenia,
Val. Max. 5, 4, ext. 5 fin. —To be beneficial, prosperous, advantageous, valuable, favorable, serviceable, correct, with reference to both persons and things as subjects, and in regard to physical and mental relations:3.jam istuc non bonumst,
Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 29; Cato, R. R. 157:oleum viridius et melius fiet,
id. ib. 3:vinum ut alvum bonam faciat,
to correct the bowels, id. ib. 156:quid est homini salute melius?
Plaut. As. 3, 3, 127:non optuma haec sunt, verum meliora quam deterruma,
id. Trin. 2, 3, 1:quid est quod huc possit quod melius sit accedere?
Cic. Fin. 1, 12, 41; 1, 18, 57; id. Tusc. 1, 41, 99:in quo (vestitu), sicut in plerisque rebus, mediocritas optima est,
id. Off. 1, 36, 130; 2, 17, 59; id. Inv. 1, 31, 51; id. Or. 2, 6; 11, 36:meliorem tamen militem... in futura proelia id certamen fecit,
Liv. 2, 51, 3:parvus ut est cygni melior canor, ille gruum quam Clamor,
Lucr. 4, 181; 4, 191:si meliora dies, ut vina, poemata reddit,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 34.—So in the optative formula:quod bonum, faustum, felixque sit,
Liv. 1, 28, 7; 1, 17, 10; 39, 15, 1; 3, 54;3, 34.—Also, quod bonum atque fortunatum mihi sit,
Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 50;and with a noun as subject: ut nobis haec habitatio Bona, fausta, felix, fortunataque evenat,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 3.—To be kind:4.bonus cum probis'st (erus), malus cum malis,
Plaut. Most. 4, 1, 22:hic si vellet bonus ac benignus Esse,
Hor. S. 1, 2, 52.—With reference to the gods:B.ecastor ambae (Fortuna et Salus sunt bonae,
Plaut. As. 3, 3, 129:Palladis aut oculos ausa negare bonos (esse),
Prop. 3, 24, 12 (2, 28, 12).—Impers.1.Bonum est (very rare for the class. bene est; v. bene).(α). (β).With subject inf.:2.nam et stulte facere, et stulte fabularier in aetate haud bonum est,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 61:bonum est pauxillum amare, insane non bonum est,
id. Curc. 1, 3,20.—Melius est.(α).With subject inf.:(β).melius sanam est mentem sumere,
Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 51:nihil sentire est melius quam tam prava sentire,
Cic. Ac. 2, 40, 125; cf. id. Fin. 1, 19, 62; id. Off. 1, 43, 156; so,melius fuit, fuisset, or fuerat,
it would have been better, id. N. D. 3, 33; id. Sen. 23, 82; id. Off. 3, 25, 94:proinde quiesse erit melius,
Liv. 3, 48, 3; 3, 41, 3; Verg. A. 11, 303.—With subject inf.-clause:(γ).meliu'st te quae sunt mandata tibi praevortier,
Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 125; id. Men. 5, 9, 32.—With ut-clause:(δ).quid melius quam ut hinc intro abeam et me suspendam clanculum,
Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 145; so id. Ps. 4, 7, 18.—With subjectclause in the subjunctive:3.nunc quid mihi meliu'st quam ilico hic opperiar erum,
Plaut. Rud. 2, 2, 22.—Optimum est.(α).With subject inf.:(β).optimum visum est, captivos quam primum deportare,
Liv. 23, 34, 8:si quis dicit optimum esse navigare,
Sen. Ot. Sap. 8, 4 (32 fin.); so, optimum fuit, it would have been better, and optimum erat, it would be better, Quint. 6, prooem. 3; 11, 2, 33; Hor. S. 2, 1, 7.—With inf.-clause:(γ).constituerunt optimum esse, domum suam quemque reverti,
Caes. B. G. 2, 10: optimum visum est, in fluctuantem aciem tradi equos, etc., Liv 6, 24, 10; 22, 27, 6.—With ut and subj:(δ).hoc vero optimum, ut is qui, etc., id ultimum bonorum, id ipsum quid et quale sit nesciat,
Cic. Fin. 2, 3, 6.—With quod:(ε).illa vero optima (sunt) quod cum Haluntium venisset Archagathum vocari jussit,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 23, § 51:optimum vero (est) quod dictaturae nomen in perpetuum de re publica sustulisti,
id. Phil. 2, 36, 91.—With second sup., in the phrase optumum factu est (where factu is redundant):IV.sed hoc mihi optumum factu arbitror,
Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 16:optimum factu esse duxerant frumento... nostros prohibere,
Caes. B. G. 4, 30:optumum factu credens exercitum augere,
Sall. C. 32, 1 (Kritz, factum); 57, 5 (Kritz, factum).Ellipt. use: di meliora, i. e. dent or velint, i. e. let the gods grant better things than what you say, etc.; God forbid! in full:V.di melius duint,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 9, 16:di meliora velint!
Ov. M. 7, 37.—Ellipt.:di meliora! inquit,
Cic. Sen. 14, 47:id ubi mulier audivit, perturbata, dii meliora inquit, etc.,
Liv. 39, 10, 2; 9, 9, 6; Verg. G. 3, 513;similarly, di melius, i. e. fecerunt,
Val. Max. 6, 1, ext. 3.With object expressed,1.By dat.(α).= good, useful, beneficial for:(β).ambula, id lieni optumum est,
Plaut. Curc. 2, 1, 25:quia vobis eadem quae mihi bona malaque esse intellexi,
Sall. C. 20, 3:bona bello Cornus, jaculis, etc.,
Verg. G. 2, 447.—= benignus or propitius, kind to:(γ).vicinis bonus esto,
Cato, R. R. 4:bene merenti mala es, male merenti bona es,
Plaut. As. 1, 2, 3:vos o mihi Manes, Este boni,
Verg. A. 12, 647.—= idoneus, fit for, adapted to:(δ).qui locus vino optimus dicetur esse,
Cato, R. R. 6:tum erit ei rei optumum tempus,
id. ib. 26:terra cui putre solum, Optima frumentis,
Verg. G. 2, 205; 2, 319; 1, 286.—With sum and dat., in the phrase alicui bono est, it is of service to one, profits him:(ε).accusant in quibus occidi patrem Sex. Roscii bono fuit,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 5, 13:bono fuisse Romanis adventum eorum constabat,
Liv. 7, 12, 4.—Hence, with rel. dat.: cui bono (est), for whose advantage it is:quod si quis usurpet illud Cassianum cui bono fuerit, etc.,
Cic. Phil. 2, 14, 35:cui bono fuisset,
id. Rosc. Am. 30, 84; id. Mil. 12, 32 Ascon. ad loc.; cf.ellipt. form cui bono?
Prisc. p. 1208 P.—With dat. gerund:2.ager oleto conserundo qui in Favonium spectavit, aliis bonus nullus erit,
Cato, R. R. 6; Varr. R. R. 1, 24:(mons) quia pecori bonus alendo erat,
Liv. 29, 31; 9, 10.—By ad and acc.:refert et ad quam rem bona aut non bona sit,
Varr. R. R. 1, 91:occasio quaeritur idoneane fuerit ad rem adoriendam, an alia melior,
Auct. Her. 2, 4, 7:non campos modo militi Romano ad proelium bonos, etc.,
Tac. A. 2, 14. -
7 bonus
bŏnus (old form dŭonus, Carm. Sall. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 26 Mull.; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 67 Mull.), a, um, adj. [for duonus, cf. bellum, bis, and cf. root dvi-; hence deidô, deos], good; comp. melior, us [cf. Gr. mala, mallon], better; sup. optimus ( optumus, ante-class. and often class.) [root opof ops, opes; cf. copia, apiscor], best.I.Attributively.A.As adjunct of nouns denoting persons.1.Vir bonus.(α).A man morally good (kalos kagathos):(β).quoniam boni me viri pauperant, improbi alunt,
Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 60:omnibus virtutibus instructos et ornatos tum sapientes, tum viros bonos dicimus,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 10, 28:ille vir bonus qui... intolerabili dolore lacerari potius quam aut officium prodat aut fidem,
id. Ac. 2, 8, 23:sive vir bonus est is qui prodest quibus potest, nocet nemini, certe istum virum bonum non facile reperimus,
id. Off. 3, 15, 64:qui se ita gerunt ut eorum probitas, fides, integritas, etc.... hos viros bonos... appellandos putemus,
id. Lael. 5, 19:non intellegunt se de callido homine loqui, non de bono viro,
id. Att. 7, 2, 4:ut quisque est vir optimus, ita difficillime esse alios improbos suspicatur,
id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 4, § 12:nec enim melior vir fuit Africano quisquam, nec clarior,
id. Lael. 2, 6; id. Leg. 1, 14, 41; 1, 18, 48; id. Planc. 4, 9; id. Par. 3, 1, 21; id. Marcell. 6, 20; id. Fam. 7, 21; id. Off. 2, 16, 57.—An honest man:(γ).justitia, ex qua viri boni nominantur,
Cic. Off. 1, 7, 21; 1, 44, 155; 2, 11, 39; 2, 12, 42; 2, 20, 71;3, 12, 50: cum is sponsionem fecisset ni vir bonus esset,
id. ib. 3, 19, 77:quoniam Demosthenes nec vir bonus esset, nec bene meritus de civitate,
id. Opt. Gen. 7, 20; cf. id. Rosc. Am. 40, 116.—A man of good standing in the community:(δ).id viri boni arbitratu deducetur,
Cato, R. R. 143; so id. ib. 149:tuam partem viri bono arbitratu... dari oportet,
Dig. 17, 1, [p. 244] 35;37, 6, 2, § 2: quem voles virum bonum nominato,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 25, § 55:vir bonus est... quo res sponsore, et quo causae teste tenentur,
Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 40.—Hence, ironically of wealthy men:praetores jus dicunt, aediles ludos parant, viri boni usuras perscribunt,
Cic. Att. 9, 12, 3.—Ironically of bad men:(ε).sed eccum lenonem Lycum, bonum virum,
Plaut. Poen. 5, 5, 52; Ter. Eun. 5, 3, 9; 4, 3, 18; id. Ad. 3, 4, 30:expectabam quinam isti viri boni testes hujus manifesto deprehensi veneni dicerentur,
Cic. Cael. 26, 63:nam socer ejus, vir multum bonus est,
id. Agr. 3, 3, 13;so especially in addresses (mostly comic.): age tu, illuc procede, bone vir!
Plaut. Capt. 5, 2, 1; id. Curc. 5, 2, 12; id. Ps. 4, 7, 48; id. Pers. 5, 2, 11; Ter. And. 3, 5, 10; 5, 2, 5; id. Ad. 4, 2, 17; id. Eun. 5, 2, 11:quid tu, vir optime? Ecquid habes quod dicas?
Cic. Rosc. Am. 36, 104.—Sometimes boni viri = boni, in the sense of optimates (v. I. A. 3.):(ζ).bonis viris quid juris reliquit tribunatus C. Gracchi?
Cic. Leg. 3, 9, 20.—As a conventional courtesy:2.homines optimi non intellegunt, etc.,
Cic. Fin. 1, 7, 25:bone accusator,
id. Rosc. Am. 21, 58:sic illum amicum vocasti, quomodo omnes candidatos bonos viros dicimus,
gentlemen, Sen. Ep. 3, 1.—For bonus vir, a good husband, v. 3.; and for vir optimus, as a laudatory epithet, v. 5.—Boni homines (rare) = boni, better classes of society, v. II. A. 3:3.in foro infimo boni homines atque dites ambulant,
Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 14.—With nouns denoting persons in regard to their functions, offices, occupations, and qualities, denoting excellence:4.bonus consul,
Liv. 4, 40, 6; 22, 39, 2 (different: consules duos, bonos quidem, sed dumtaxat bonos, amisimus, consuls of good sentiments, almost = bad consuls, Cic. ad Brut. 1, 3, 4):boni tribuni plebis,
Cic. Phil. 1, 10, 25:bonus senator,
id. Prov. Cons. 15, 37:senator bonus,
id. Dom. 4, 8:bonus judex,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 15, § 34:bonus augur (ironically),
id. Phil. 2, 32, 80:bonus vates,
Plaut. Mil. 3, 3, 27:bonus imperator,
Sall. C. 60, 4:bonus dux,
Quint. 12, 1, 43 (cf. trop.:naturam, optimam ducem,
the best guide, Cic. Sen. 2, 5):bonus miles,
Sall. C. 60, 4; Sen. Vit. Beat. 15, 5:bonus orator,
Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 10:optimus orator,
id. Opt. Gen. 1, 3:poeta bonus,
id. de Or. 1, 3, 11; 2, 46, 194; id. Fin. 1, 3, 10:scriptor bonus,
Quint. 10, 1, 104:bonus advocatus,
id. 5, 13, 10:bonus defensor,
id. 5, 13, 3:bonus altercator,
a good debater, id. 6, 4, 10:bonus praeceptor,
id. 5, 13, 44; 10, 5, 22:bonus gubernator,
Cic. Ac. 2, 31, 100:optimus opifex,
Hor. S. 1, 3, 133:sutor bonus,
id. ib. 1, 3, 125:actor optimus,
Cic. Sest. 57, 122:cantor optimus est modulator,
Hor. S. 1, 3, 130:melior gladiator,
Ov. Tr. 4, 6, 33: agricola (colonus, dominus) bonus, Cato, R. R. prooem.; Cic. Sen. 16, 56:bonus paterfamilias,
a thrifty head of the house, Nep. Att. 13, 1:bonus servus,
Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 58; id. Am. 2, 1, 46; id. Men. 5, 6, 1; Cic. Mil. 22, 58:dominus bonus,
Cato, R. R. 14:bonus custos,
Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 38.—Ironically, Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 57:filius bonus,
Plaut. Am. 3, 4, 9:patres,
Quint. 11, 3, 178:parens,
id. 6, prooem. 4: bonus (melior, optimus), viz. a good husband, Cic. Inv. 1, 31, 51 sq.; Liv. 1, 9, 15:uxor melior,
Cic. Inv. 1, 31, 52:amicus,
id. Fam. 2, 15, 3:amicus optimus,
Plaut. Cas. 3, 3, 18:optimus testis,
Cic. Fam. 7, 27, 2:auctor, in two senses,
good authority, id. Att. 5, 12, 3;and = bonus scriptor (post-class.),
Quint. 10, 1, 74.—Esp.:bonus civis (rarely civis bonus): in re publica ea velle quae tranquilla et honesta sint: talem enim solemus et sentire bonum civem et dicere, Cic.-Off. 1, 34, 124: eaque est summa ratio et sapientia boni civis, commoda civium non divellere, atque omnes aequitate eadem continere,
id. ib. 2, 23, 83:eum esse civem et fidelem et bonum,
Plaut. Pers. 1, 2, 15; Cic. Fam. 2, 8, 2; 1, 9, 10; 3, 12, 1; 6, 6, 11; id. Off. 1, 44, 155; Liv. 22, 39, 3; Sall. H. Fragm. 1, 10 Dietsch:optimus et fortissimus civis,
Cic. Fam. 12, 2, 3; id. Sest. 17, 39.—Bonus and optimus as epithets of the gods.(α).In gen.:(β).sed te bonus Mercurius perdat,
Plaut. Cas. 2, 3, 23:fata... bonique divi,
Hor. C. 4, 2, 38:divis orte bonis,
id. ib. 4, 5, 1:O bone deus!
Scrib. Comp. 84 fin.: BONORVM DEORVM, Inscr. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 34, 84: totidem, pater optime, dixi, Tu mihi da cives, referring to Jupiter, Ov. M. 7, 627.—Optimus Maximus, a standing epithet of Jupiter:(γ).(Juppiter) a majoribus nostris Optimus Maximus (nominatur), et quidem ante optimus, id est beneficentissimus, quam Maximus,
Cic. N. D. 2, 25, 64:Jovem optimum et maximum ob eas res appellant, non quod, etc.,
id. ib. 3, 36, 87:in templo Jovis Optimi Maximi,
id. Sest. 56, 129; id. Prov. Cons. 9, 22:nutu Jovis Optimi Maximi,
id. Cat. 3, 9, 21; Liv. 1, 12, 7; id. 6, 16, 2.—Di boni, O di boni, expressing indignation, sorrow, or surprise:(δ).di boni, hunc visitavi antidhac!
Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 16:di boni, boni quid porto!
Ter. And. 2, 2, 1:di boni, quid hoc morbi est,
id. Eun. 2, 1, 19; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 13; id. Ad. 3, 3, 86:alter, O di boni, quam taeter incedebat!
Cic. Sest. 8, 19; id. Brut. 84, 288; id. Phil. 2, 8, 20; 2, 32, 80; id. Att. 1, 16, 5; 14, 21, 2; Val. Max. 3, 5, 1; Sen. Vit. Beat. 2, 3.—Bona Dea, etc., v. 6.—5.Optimus as a laudatory epithet.(α).Vir optimus:(β).per vos nobis, per optimos viros optimis civibus periculum inferre conantur,
Cic. Sest. 1, 2:virum optimum et constantissimum M. Cispium,
id. ib. 35, 76:fratrem meum, virum optimum, fortissimum,
id. ib.:consolabor hos praesentes, viros optimos,
id. Balb. 19, 44; id. Planc. 21, 51; 23, 55; id. Mil. 14, 38; id. Marcell. 4, 10; id. Att. 5, 1, 5; Hor. S. 1, 6, 53.—Femina bona, optima:(γ).tua conjunx bona femina,
Cic. Phil. 3, 6, 16:hujus sanctissimae feminae atque optimae pater,
id. ib. —Senex, pater, frater, etc.:(δ).optimus: parentes ejus, prudentissimi atque optimi senis,
Cic. Planc. 41, 97:insuevit pater optimus hoc me,
Hor. S. 1, 4, 105; 2, 1, 12:C. Marcelli, fratris optimi,
Cic. Fam. 4, 7, 6; id. Q. Fr. 2, 6 (8), 2; 2, 4, 2.—With proper names ( poet.):(ε).optimus Vergilius,
Hor. S. 1, 6, 54:Maecenas optimus,
id. ib. 1, 5, 27:optime Quinti,
id. Ep. 1, 16, 1.—Esp. as an epithet of the Roman emperors:6.quid tam civile, tam senatorium quam illud, additum a nobis Optimi cognomen?
Plin. Pan. 2, 7:gratias, inquit, ago, optime Princeps!
Sen. Tranq. 14. 4:ex epistula optimi imperatoris Antonini,
Gai. Inst. 1, 102; cf.:bene te patriae pater optime Caesar,
Ov. F. 2, 637:optime Romulae Custos gentis,
Hor. C. 4, 5, 1.—Bonus and Bona, names of deities.(α).Bona Dea, the goddess of Chastity, whose temple could not be entered by males (cf. Macr. S. 1, 12; Lact. 1, 22):(β).Bonae Deae pulvinaribus,
Cic. Pis. 39, 95; id. Mil. 31, 86; id. Fam. 1, 9, 15; cf.in mal. part.,
Juv. 2, 86 sq.; 6, 314 sq.; 6, 335 sq.—Bonus Eventus, Varr. R. R. 1, 1 med.; Amm. 29, 6, 19; Inscr. Orell. 907; 1780 sq.—(γ).Bona Fortuna:(δ).si bona Fortuna veniat, ne intromiseris,
Plaut. Aul. 1, 3, 22:Bonae Fortunae (signum),
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 3, § 7:FORTVNAE BONAE DOMESTICAE,
Inscr. Orell. 1743 sq. —Bona Spes:(ε).Spes Bona, obsecro, subventa mihi,
Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 12:BONAE SPEI,
Aug. Inscr. Grut. 1075, 1.—BONA MENS, Inscr. Orell. 1818 sqq.:B.Mens Bona, si qua dea es, tua me in sacraria dono,
Prop. 3, 24, 19.With nouns denoting things.1.Things concrete, denoting excellence:2.navis bona dicitur non quae pretiosis coloribus picta est... sed stabilis et firma,
Sen. Ep. 76, 13:gladium bonum dices, non cui auratus est balteus, etc., sed cui et ad secandum subtilis acies est, et, etc.,
id. ib. 76, 14:id vinum erit lene et bono colore,
Cato, R. R. 109; Lucr. 2, 418; Ov. Am. 2, 7, 9:tabulas... collocare in bono lumine,
Cic. Brut. 75, 261: ex quavis olea oleum... bonum fieri potest. Cato, R. R. 3:per aestatem boves aquam bonam et liquidam bibant semper curato,
id. ib. 73; cf.:bonae aquae, ironically compared to wine,
Prop. 2, 33 (3, 31), 28:praedium bonum caelum habeat,
good temperature, Cato, R. R. 1:bona tempestate,
in good weather, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 2, 4:(praedium) solo bono valeat,
by good soil, Cato, R. R. 1:bonae (aedes) cum curantur male,
Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 24:villam bonam,
Cic. Off. 3, 13, 55:bonus pons,
Cat. 17, 5:scyphi optimi (= optime facti),
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 14, § 32:perbona toreumata,
id. ib. 2, 4, 18, §38: bona domicilia,
comfortable residences, id. N. D. 2, 37, 95:agrum Meliorem nemo habet,
Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 12:fundum meliorem,
Cic. Inv. 1, 31, 52: fundos optimos et fructuosissimos, id. Agr. 3, 4, 14:equus melior,
id. Inv. 1, 31, 52:bona cena,
Cat. 13, 3:boni nummi,
good, not counterfeit, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 144; Cic. Off. 3, 23, 91:super omnia vultus accessere boni,
good looks, Ov. M. 8, 678:mulier bona forma,
of a fine form, Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 13:equus formae melioris,
Hor. S. 2, 7, 52:tam bona cervix, simul ac jussero, demetur,
fine, beautiful, Suet. Calig. 33:fruges bonae,
Cat. 34, 19:ova suci melioris,
of better flavor, Hor. S. 2, 4, 13.— Trop.:animus aequus optimum est aerumnae condimentum,
Plaut. Rud. 2, 3, 71: bona dextra, a lucky hand (cf.:bonum omen, 2. e.),
Quint. 6, 3, 69:scio te bona esse voce, ne clama nimis,
good, sound, loud voice, Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 43; so,bona firmaque vox,
Quint. 11, 3, 13.—Things abstract.a.Of physical well-being:b.ut si qui neget sine bona valetudine posse bene vivi,
Cic. Inv. 1, 51, 93; Sen. Vit. Beat. 22, 2; Lucr. 3, 102; Val. Max. 2, 5, 6; Quint. 10, 3, 26; 11, 2, 35 et saep.:non bonus somnus de prandio est,
Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 8:bona aetas,
prime of life, Cic. Sen. 14, 48:optima aetate,
id. Fam. 10, 3, 3.—Ironically:bona, inquis, aetate, etc.,
Sen. Ep. 76, 1.—Of the mind and soul:c.meliore esse sensu,
Cic. Sest. 21, 47:optima indoles,
id. Fin. 5, 22, 61:bona conscientia,
Quint. 6, 1, 33; 9, 2, 93; Sen. Vit. Beat. 20, 5:bono ingenio me esse ornatam quam auro multo mavolo,
with a good heart, Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 91; id. Stich. 1, 21, 59; Sall. C. 10, 5:mens melior,
Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 78; Cic. Phil. 3, 5, 13; Liv. 39, 16, 5; Sen. Ben. 1, 11, 4; id. Ep. 10, 4; Pers. 2, 8; Petr. 61.—Personified, Prop. 3 (4), 24, 19; Ov. Am. 1, 2, 31:duos optimae indolis filios,
Val. Max. 5, 7, 2; Sen. Ben. 6, 16, 6; Quint. 1, 2, 5:bonum consilium,
Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 6; id. Rud. 4, 3, 18; Cic. Off. 1, 33, 121:bona voluntas,
a good purpose, Quint. 12, 11, 31:memoria bona,
Cic. Att. 8, 4, 2:bona ratio cum perdita... confligit,
id. Cat. 2, 11, 25:bonae rationes,
Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 50:pronuntiatio bona,
Auct. Her. 3, 15, 27.—Of moral relations:d.ego si bonam famam mihi servasso, sat ero dives,
Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 71; Cic. Sest. 66, 139; Liv. 6, 11, 7; Hor. S. 1, 2, 61 (cf. Cic. Att. 7, 26, 1;v. e. infra): si ego in causa tam bona cessi tribuni plebis furori,
Cic. Sest. 16, 36; id. Planc. 36, 87; Ov. M. 5, 220:fac, sis, bonae frugi sies,
of good, regular habits, Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 35; id. Cas. 2, 4, 5; 2, 5, 19; id. Ps. 1, 5, 53; id. Truc. 1, 1, 13; id. Capt. 5, 2, 3 sq. (v. frux, II. B. 1. b.): vilicus disciplina bona utatur. Cato, R. R. 5:bona studia,
moral pursuits, Auct. Her. 4, 17, 25:quidquid vita meliore parasti,
Hor. S. 2, 3, 15: ad spem mortis melioris, an honorable death; so as an epithet of religious exercises:Juppiter, te bonas preces precor,
Cato, R. R. 134; 139.—Of external, artistic, and literary value and usefulness:e.bono usui estis nulli,
Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 15:Optumo optume optumam operam das,
id. Am. 1, 1, 122:bonam dedistis mihi operam,
a valuable service to me, id. Poen. 2, 3, 70; 3, 6, 11; id. Pers. 4, 7, 11; id. Rud. 3, 6, 11 (in a different sense: me bona opera aut mala Tibi inventurum esse auxilium argentarium, by fair or unfair means, id. Ps. 1, 1, 102;v. e. infra): optima hereditas a patribus traditur liberis... gloria virtutis rerumque gestarum,
Cic. Off. 1, 33, 121:bonum otium,
valuable leisure, Sall. C. 4, 1:bonis versibus,
Cic. Ac. 2, 23, 74:versus meliores,
Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 81:meliora poemata,
Hor. A. P. 303:in illa pro Ctesiphonte oratione longe optima,
Cic. Or. 8, 26:optimas fabulas,
id. Off. 1, 31, 114:melius munus,
id. Ac. 1, 2, 7.—Favorable, prosperous, lucky, fortunate:f.de Procilio rumores non boni,
unfavorable rumors, Cic. Att. 4, 16, 5:bona de Domitio, praeclara de Afranio fama est,
about their success in the war, id. ib. 7, 26, 1:si fuisset in discipulo comparando meliore fortuna,
id. Pis. 29, 71; cf.fortuna optima esse,
to be in the best pecuniary circumstances, id. ad Brut. 1, 1, 2:occasio tam bona,
Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 9:senex est eo meliore condicione quam adulesoens cum, etc.,
Cic. Sen. 19, 68; id. Fam. 4, 32:bona navigatio,
id. N. D. 3, 34, 83;esp. in phrase bona spes.—Object.: ergo in iis adulescentibus bonam spem esse dicemus et magnam indolem quos, etc.,
Cic. Fin. 2, 35, 117.—Subject.:ego sum spe bona,
Cic. Fam. 12, 28, 3; id. Cat. 2, 11, 25; [p. 245] id. Att. 14, 1 a, 3; id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 5, § 16:optima spe,
id. Fam. 12, 11, 2.—Pregn., = spes bonarum rerum, Sall. C. 21, 1;v. C. 1. c. infra: meliora responsa,
more favorable, Liv. 7, 21, 6:melior interpretatio,
Tac. H. 3, 65:cum laude et bonis recordationibus,
id. A. 4, 38:amnis Doctus iter melius,
i. e. less injurious, Hor. A. P. 68:omen bonum,
a good, lucky omen, Cic. Pis. 13, 31; cf.Liv. praef. § 13: melius omen,
Ov. F. 1, 221;optimum,
Cic. Fam. 3, 12, 2:bona scaeva,
Plaut. Stich. 5, 2, 24:auspicio optumo,
id. ib. 3, 2, 6; cf.:memini bene, sed meliore Tempore dicam = opportuniore tempore,
Hor. S. 1, 9, 68.—Of public affairs, si mihi bona re publica frui non licuerit, Cic. Mil. 34, 93:g.optima res publica,
id. Or. 1, 1, 1; id. Phil. 1, 8, 19:minus bonis temporibus,
id. Dom. 4, 8; so,optimis temporibus,
id. Sest. 3, 6:nostrae res meliore loco videbantur,
id. ad Brut. 1, 3, 1:lex optima,
id. Pis. 16, 37; id. Sest. 64, 137; id. Phil, 1, 8, 19.—Good = large, considerable:h.bono atque amplo lucro,
Plaut. Am. prol. 6:bona librorum copia,
Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 109; cf.:bona copia cornu,
Ov. M. 9, 88; v. bona pars, C. 8. g.—Noble; with genus, good family, noble extraction, honorable birth: quali me arbitraris genere prognatum? Eu. Bono, Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 35; so id. Ep. 1, 2, 4; 2, 1, 3; id. Pers. 4, 4, 94:k.si bono genere natus sit,
Auct. Her. 3, 7, 13.—Referring to good-will, kindness, faithfulness, in certain phrases.(α).Bona venia or cum bona venia, with the kind permission of a person addressed, especially bona venia orare, expetere, etc.:(β).primum abs te hoc bona venia expeto,
Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 31:bona tua venia dixerim,
Cic. Leg. 3, 15, 34:oravit bona venia Quirites, ne, etc.,
Liv. 7, 41, 3:obsecro vos.. bona venia vestra liceat, etc.,
id. 6, 40, 10:cum bona venia quaeso audiatis, etc.,
id. 29, 17, 6; Arn. c. Gent. 1, p. 5; cf.. sed des veniam bonus oro = venia bona oro,
Hor. S. 2, 4, 5.—Bona pax, without quarrelling:(γ).bona pax sit potius,
let us have no quarrel about that, Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 7;so especially cum bona pace, or bona pace: Hannibal ad Alpis cum bona pace incolentium... pervenit,
without a difficulty with the inhabitants, Liv. 21, 32, 6; 21, 24, 5; 1, 24, 3; 28, 37, 4; 8, 15, 1; cf.: si bonam (pacem) dederitis, = a fair peace, under acceptable conditions, id. 8, 21, 4.—Amicitia bona = bona fide servata, faithful, undisturbed friendship:(δ).igitur amicitia Masinissae bona atque honesta nobis permansit,
Sall. J. 5, 5.—Bona societas, alliance:C.Segestes, memoria bonae societatis, impavidus,
Tac. A. 1, 58.In particular phrases.1.Bonae res.a.= Vitae commoda, comforts of life, abstract or concrete:b.concedatur bonis rebus homines morte privari,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 36, 87:optimis rebus usus est,
he had every most desirable thing, Nep. Att. 18, 1.—= Res secundae, opp. res adversae, prosperity:c.bonis rebus tuis, meas irrides malas,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 45:in bonis rebus,
Hor. C. 2, 3, 2. —Res bona = res familiaris bona, wealth ( poet.): in re bona esse, Laber. ap. Gell. 10, 17, 4.—Also an object of value:d.homines quibus mala abunde omnia erant, sed neque res neque spes bona ulla,
who had no property, nor the hope of any, Sall. C. 21, 1. —Costly things, articles of luxury:e.capere urbem in Arabia plenam bonarum rerum,
Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 46; 4, 4, 82:nimium rei bonae,
id. Stich. 2, 3, 55:ignorantia bonarum rerum,
Nep. Ages. 8, 5 ' bonis rebus gaudere, Hor. S. 2, 6, 110:re bona copiosum esse,
Gell. 16, 19, 7.—Moral, morally good:f.illi cum res non bonas tractent,
Cic. Ac. 2, 33, 72:ut de virtutibus et vitiis, omninoque de bonis rebus et malis quaererent,
id. ib. 1, 4, 15:quid habemus in rebus bonis et malis explorati?
id. ib. 2, 42, 129; so id. Or. 1, 10, 42; id. Leg. 1, 22, 58:quae tamen omnia dulciora fuint et moribus bonis et artibus,
id. Sen. 18, 65.—In literary composition, important or interesting matter, subjects, or questions:2.res bonas verbis electis dictas quis non legat?
Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 8:studiis generorum, praesertim in re bona,
Plaut. Am. 8, 26.—Bonae artes.(α).A good, laudable way of dealing:(β).qui praeclari facinoris aut artis bonae famam quaerit,
Sall. C. 2, 9:huic bonae artes desunt, dolis atque fallaciis contendit,
id. ib. 11, 2:quod is bonarum artium cupiens erat,
Tac. A. 6, 46.—Liberal arts and sciences:3.litteris aut ulli bonae arti,
Quint. 12, 1, 7:conservate civem bonarum artium, bonarum partium, bonorum virorum,
Cic. Sest. 32, 77. —Esp.:optimae artes: optimarum artium scientia,
Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 4; id. Ac. 2, 1, 1; id. Cael. 10, 24; id. Marcell. 1, 4.—Bona fides, or fides bona.a.Good faith, i. e. conscious honesty in acts or words: qui nummos fide bona solvit, who pays (the price of labor) in good faith, i. e. as it is honestly earned, Cato, R. R. 14:b.dic, bona fide, tu id aurum non subripuisti?
Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 46; 4, 10, 47; id. Capt. 4, 2, 111; id. Most. 3, 1, 137; id. Poen. 1, 3, 30; id. Pers. 4, 3, 16; id. Ps. 4, 6, 33:si tibi optima fide omnia concessit,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 49, 144; Quint. 10, 3, 23.—Hence, bonae fidei vir, a conscientious man, Quint. 10, 7, 1.—Jurid. t. t.(α).Good faith in contracts and legal acts in general, opposed to dolus malus, honesty and fairness in dealing with another:(β).ad fidem bonam statuit pertinere, notum esse emptori vitium quod nosset venditor,
Cic. Off. 3, 16, 67.—Hence, alienam rem bona fide emere, to buy, believing the seller to be the rightful owner, Dig. 41, 3, 10; 41, 3, 13, § 1. bonae fidei possessor (also possessio), believing that he is the rightful owner, ib. 5, 3, 25, § 11; 5, 3, 22; 41, 3, 15, § 2;41, 3, 24: conventio contra bonam fidem et mores bonos,
ib. 16, 31, § 7: bonam fidem praestare, to be responsible for one ' s good faith, ib. 17, 1, 10 prooem.—Hence,Bonae fidei actiones or judicia, actions in equity, i. e. certain classes of actions in which the strict civil law was set aside by the praetorian edict in favor of equity:4.actiones quaedam bonae fidei sunt, quaedam stricti juris. Bonae fidei sunt haec: exempto vendito, locato conducto, etc.,
Just. Inst. 4, 6, 28, § 19.—In the republican time the praetor added in such actions to his formula for the judex the words ex fide bona, or, in full:quidquid dare facere oportet ex fide bona,
Cic. Off. 3, 16, 66:iste dolus malus et legibus erat vindicatus, et sine lege, judiciis in quibus additur ex fide bona,
id. ib. 3, 15, 61; cf. id. ib. 3, 17, 70.—Bona verba.(α).Kind words:(β).Bona verba quaeso,
Ter. And. 1, 2, 33.—Words of good omen (v. omen):(γ).dicamus bona verba,
Tib. 2, 2, 1:dicite suffuso ter bona verba mero,
Ov. F. 2, 638.—Elegant or well-chosen expressions:(δ).quid est tam furiosum quam verborum vel optimorum atque ornatissimorum sonitus inanis,
Cic. Or. 1, 12, 51:verborum bonorum cursu,
id. Brut. 66, 233:omnia verba sunt alicubi optima,
Quint. 10, 1, 9.—Moral sayings:5.non est quod contemnas bona verba et bonis cogitationibus plena praecordia,
Sen. Vit. Beat. 20, 1. —Bona dicta.(α).Polite, courteous language:(β).hoc petere me precario a vobis jussit leniter dictis bonis,
Plaut. Am. prol. 25.—Witticisms ( bon-mots): flammam a sapiente facilius ore in ardente opprimi, quam bona dicta teneat, Enn. ap. Cic. Or. 2, 54, 222:6.dico unum ridiculum dictum de dictis melioribus quibus solebam menstruales epulas ante adipiscier,
Plaut. Capt. 3, 1, 22:ibo intro ad libros ut discam de dictis melioribus,
id. Stich. 2, 3, 75.—Bona facta.(α).= bene facta (v. bene, I. B. 2. b.), laudable deeds:(β).nobilitas ambobus et majorum bona facta (sc. erant),
Tac. A. 3, 40.—Bonum factum est, colloq., = bene est, bene factum est (v. bene, I. B. 2. b.):(γ).bonum factum est, ut edicta servetis mea,
Plaut. Poen. prol. 16:haec imperata quae sunt pro imperio histrico, bonum hercle factum (est) pro se quisque ut meminerit,
id. ib. 45.— Hence,Elliptically, introducing commands which cannot be enforced, = if you will do so, it will be well:7.peregrinis in senatum allectis, libellus propositus est: bonum factum, ne quis senatori novo curiam monstrare velit,
Suet. Caes. 80:et Chaldaeos edicere: bonum factum, ne Vitellius... usquam esset,
id. Vit. 14:hac die Carthaginem vici: bonum factum, in Capitolium eamus, et deos supplicemus,
Aur. Vict. 49; cf.:o edictum, cui adscribi non poterit bonum factum,
Tert. Pud. 1.—Bona gratia.(α).A friendly understanding:(β).cur non videmus inter nos haec potius cum bona Ut componantur gratia quam cum mala?
Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 17; so,per gratiam bonam abire,
to part with good feelings, Plaut. Mil. 4, 3, 33.—In jest: sine bona gratia abire, of things cast away, Plaut Truc. 2, 7, 15.—Pleon., in the phrase bonam gratiam habere, = gratiam habere, to thank (v. B. 2. k.), Plaut. Rud. 2, 5, 32; id. Bacch. 4, 8, 99.—8.Bona pars.(α).The well-disposed part of a body of persons:(β).ut plerumque fit, major pars (i. e. of the senate) meliorem vicit,
Liv. 21, 4, 1:pars melior senatus ad meliora responsa trahere,
id. 7, 21, 6.—The good party, i. e. the optimates (gen. in plur.):(γ).civem bonarum partium,
Cic. Sest. 32, 77:(fuit) meliorum partium aliquando,
id. Cael. 6, 13:qui sibi gratiam melioris partis velit quaesitam,
Liv. 2, 44, 3.—Paronom.: (Roscius) semper partium in re publica tam quam in scaena optimarum, i. e. party and part in a drama, Cic. Sest. 56, 120.—Of things or persons, a considerable part (cf. a good deal):(δ).bonam partem ad te adtulit,
Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 43:bonam partem sermonis in hunc diem esse dilatam,
Cic. Or. 2, 3, 14:bonam magnamque partem exercitus,
Val. Max. 5, 2, ext. 4:bona pars noctium,
Quint. 12, 11, 19:bona pars hominum,
Hor. S. 1, 1, 61:meae vocis... bona pars,
id. C. 4, 2, 46; so id. A. P. 297; Ov. P. 1, 8, 74:melior pars diei,
Verg. A. 9, 156.—Rarely, and mostly eccl. Lat.: optima pars, the best part or lot:(ε).nostri melior pars animus est,
Sen. Q. N. 1, prooem. § 14; cf.:quae pars optima est in homine,
best, most valuable, Cic. Tusc. 5, 23, 67:major pars aetatis, certe melior reipublicae data sit,
Sen. Brev. Vit. 18, 1:Maria optimam partem elegit, quae non auferetur ab ea,
Vulg. Luc. 10, 42.—Adverb.:(ζ).bonam partem = ex magna parte,
Lucr. 6, 1249.—Aliquem in optimam partem cognoscere, to know somebody from his most favorable side, Cic. Off. 2, 13, 46: aliquid in optimam partem accipere, to take something in good part, interpret it most favorably:9.Caesar mihi ignoscit quod non venerim, seseque in optimam partem id accipere dicit,
id. Att. 10, 3 a, 2; id. ad Brut. 1, 2, 3:quaeso ut hoc in bonam partem accipias,
id. Rosc. Am. 16, 45.—Dies bonus or bona.(α).A day of good omen, a fortunate day (= dies laetus, faustus):(β).tum tu igitur die bono, Aphrodisiis, addice, etc.,
Plaut. Poen. 2, 49:nunc dicenda bona sunt bona verba die,
Ov. F. 1, 72.—A beautiful, serene day, Sen. Vit. Beat. 22, 3.—10.Bonus mos.(α).Boni mores, referring to individuals, good, decent, moral habits:(β).nihil est amabilius quam morum similitudo bonorum,
Cic. Off. 1, 17, 56:nam hic nimium morbus mores invasit bonos,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 1, 6:domi militiaeque boni mores colebantur,
Sall. C. 9, 1:propter ejus suavissimos et optimos mores,
Cic. Phil. 3, 5, 13:cum per tot annos matronae optimis moribus vixerint,
Liv. 34, 6, 9:mores meliores,
Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 18.—Bonus mos or boni mores, in the abstract, morality, the laws, rules of morality: ei vos morigerari mos bonu'st, it is a rule of morality that you should, etc., Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 4:11.ex optimo more et sanctissima disciplina,
Cic. Phil. 2, 28, 69:neglegentia boni moris,
Sen. Ep. 97, 1.—Jurid. t. t.:conventio, mandatum contra bonos mores,
in conflict with morality, Quint. 3, 1, 57; Dig. 16, 3, 1, § 7; Gai. Inst. 3, 157 et saep. —Adverbial phrases.a.Bono animo esse, or bonum animum habere.(α).To be of good cheer or courage:(β).bono animo es! Liberabit ille te homo,
Plaut. Merc 3, 1, 33; so id. Aul. 4, 10, 61; id. Mil. 4, 8, 32; id. Rud. 3, 3, 17; Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 4; id. Heaut. 4, 6, 18; id. Ad. 2, 4, 20; 3, 5, 1; 4, 2, 4; 4, 5, 62; id. Phorm. 5, 8, 72:animo bono es,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 103; id. Am. 2, 2, 48; 5, 2, 1:bono animo es, inquit Scrofa, et fiscinam expedi,
Varr. R. R. 1, 26:bono animo sint et tui et mei familiares,
Cic. Fam. 6, 18, 1; 6, 10, 29:bono animo esse jubere eam consul,
Liv. 39, 13, 7:habe modo bonum animum,
Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 58; so id. Am. 1, 3, 47; id. Truc. 2, 6, 44; id. Aul. 2, 2, 15:habe animum bonum,
id. Cas. 2, 6, 35; id. Ep. 2, 2, 1; 4, 2, 31:bonum animum habe,
Liv. 45, 8, 5:clamor ortus ut bonum animum haberet,
id. 8, 32, 1; so Sen. Ep. 87, 38.—Bono animo esse, or facere aliquid, to be of a good or friendly disposition, or to do with good, honest intentions:(γ).audire jubet vos imperator histricus, bonoque ut animo sedeant in subselliis qui, etc.,
Plaut. Poen. prol. 5: sunt enim (consules) [p. 246] optimo animo, summo consilio, of the best disposition, Cic. Phil. 3, 1, 2:bono te animo tum populus Romanus... dicere existimavit ea quae sentiebatis, sed, etc.,
id. Imp. Pomp. 19, 56:quod nondum bono animo in populum Romanum viderentur,
Caes. B. G. 1, 6; Quint. 7, 4, 15.—Bonus animus, good temper, patience:b.bonus animus in mala re dimidium mali est,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 37:vos etiam hoc animo meliore feratis,
Ov. M. 9, 433.—Bono modo.(α).= placide, with composure, moderation:(β).si quis quid deliquerit, pro noxa bono modo vindicet,
Cato, R. R. 5:haec tibi tam sunt defendenda quam moenia, mihi autem bono modo, tantum quantum videbitur,
Cic. Ac. 2, 44, 137.—In a decent manner:c.neu quisquam prohibeto filium quin amet... quod bono fiat modo,
Plaut. Merc. 5, 4, 62. —Jure optimo or optimo jure, with good, perfect right:II.te ipse jure optumo incuses licet,
Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 23; id. Rud. 2, 6, 53:ut jure optimo me deserere posses,
Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 6; Sen. Ot. Sap. 2 (29), 2.—With pass. or intr. verb, deservedly:ne jure optimo irrideamur,
Cic. Off. 1, 31, 111; cf. id. ib. 1, 42, 151; id. Marcell. 1, 4;similarly, optimo judicio,
Val. Max. 2, 9, 2.As subst.A.bŏnus, boni, m.; of persons.1.In sing. or plur. orig. = bonus vir, boni viri; v. I. A. 1. a. b, supra, a morally good man.(α).Plur.:(β).bonis quod bene fit haud perit,
Plaut. Rud. 4, 3, 2; id. Capt. 2, 2, 108; id. Trin. 2, 1, 55; id. Pers. 4, 5, 2:melius apud bonos quam apud fortunatos beneficium collocari puto,
Cic. Off. 2, 20, 71:verum esse ut bonos boni diligant, quamobrem... bonis inter bonos quasi necessariam (esse) benevolentiam,
id. Lael. 14, 50:diverso itinere malos a bonis loca taetra... habere,
Sall. C. 52, 13; 7, 2; 52, 22:oderunt peccare boni virtutis amore,
Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 52:tam bonis quam malis conduntur urbes,
Sen. Ben. 4, 28, 4; so id. Vit. Beat. 15, 6; Quint. 9, 2, 76.—Rarely bŏnae, arum, f., good women:quia omnes bonos bonasque adcurare addecet, etc.,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 41.—Sing.:2.malus bonum malum esse volt ut sit sui similis,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 8:nec enim cuique bono mali quidquam evenire potest,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 41, 99; cf.:qui meliorem audax vocet in jus,
Hor. S. 2, 5, 29.—Bonus, a man of honor.(α).A brave man:(β).pro qua (patria) quis bonus dubitet mortem oppetere si ei sit profuturus?
Cic. Off. 1, 17, 57:libertatem quam nemo bonus nisi cum anima simul amittat,
Sall. C. 33, 5:fortes creantur fortibus et bonis,
Hor. C. 4, 4, 29 (opp. ignavi):fama impari boni atque ignavi erant,
Sall. J. 57, 6; 53, 8; id. C. 11, 2. —A gentleman:3. (α).quis enim umquam, qui paululum modo bonorum consuetudinem nosset, litteras ad se ab amico missas... in medium protulit?
Cic. Phil. 2, 4, 7.—In gen. (of political sentiments, = optimates, opp. populares, seditiosi, perditi cives, etc.;(β).so usu. in Cic.): meam causam omnes boni proprie enixeque susceperant,
Cic. Sest. 16, 38:audaces homines et perditi nutu impelluntur... boni, nescio quomodo, tardiores sunt, etc.,
id. ib. 47, 100:ego Kal. Jan. senatum et bonos omnes legis agrariae... metu liberavi,
id. Pis. 2, 4:etenim omnes boni, quantum in ipsis fuit, Caesarem occiderunt,
id. Phil. 2, 13, 29; id. Fam. 5, 2, 8; 5, 21, 2; id. Sest. 2, 5; 16, 36; 48, 103; id. Planc. 35, 86; id. Mil. 2, 5; id. Off. 2. 12, 43:maledictis increpat omnes bonos,
Sall. C. 21, 4; 19, 2; 33, 3; Hirt. B. G. 8, 22; so,optimi,
Cic. Leg. 3, 17, 37; and, ironically, boni identified with the rich:bonorum, id est lautorum et locupletum,
id. Att. 8, 1, 3.—Without reference to political views;4.opp. vulgus (rare): nihil ego istos moror fatuos mores quibus boni dedecorant se,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 22:semper in civitate quibus opes nullae sunt bonis invident,
Sall. C. 37, 3:elatus est sine ulla pompa funeris, comitantibus omnibus bonis, maxima vulgi frequentia,
Nep. Att. 22, 2.—So, mĕlĭōres, um, m., one ' s betters:ut quaestui habeant male loqui melioribus,
Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 13:da locum melioribus,
Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 37.—Boni, bone, in addresses, as an expression of courtesy, Hor. S. 2, 2, 1; 2, 6, 51; 2, 6, 95; id. Ep. 2, 2, 37; ironice, id. S. 2, 3, 31.—5.Optimus quisque = quivis bonus, omnes boni.(α).Referring to morality:(β).esse aliquid natura pulcrum quod optimus quisque sequeretur,
every good man, Cic. Sen. 13, 43:qui ita se gerebant ut sua consilia optimo cuique probarent, optimates habebantur,
id. Sest. 45, 96; id. Off. 1, 43, 154; id. Fin. 1, 7, 24; id. Sest. 54, 115; and = even the best:quare deus optimum quemque mala valetudine adficit?
Sen. Prov. 4, 8.—Of the educated classes:(γ). (δ).adhibenda est quaedam reverentia adversus homines, et optimi cujusque et reliquorum,
Cic. Off. 1, 28, 99; cf. id. ib. 1, 25, 85:Catilina plerisque consularibus, praeterea optumo cuique, litteras mittit,
Sall. C. 34, 2:optimo cuique infesta libertas,
Sen. Ot. Sap. 8, 2 (32 fin.).—In gen., excellent:(ε).optimus quisque facere quam dicere... malebat,
Sall. C. 8, 5.—Distributively:(ζ).ita imperium semper ad optumum quemque a minus bono transfertur,
to the best man in each instance, Sall. C. 2, 6.—Referring to another superlative ( = quo quisque melior eo magis, etc.):(η).hic aditus laudis qui semper optimo cuique maxime patuit,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 1, 1; so id. Lael. 4, 14; id. Inv. 2, 11, 36; Sen. Vit. Beat. 18, 1.—Attributively, with a noun:2. 1.optimam quamque causam,
Cic. Sest. 43, 93:optima quaeque dies,
Verg. G. 3, 66.Bonum, or plur. bona, a good, or goods in a moral and metaphysical sense, a moral good, a blessing: sunt autem hae de finibus defensae sententiae: nihil bonum nisi honestum, ut Stoici; nihil bonum nisi voluptatem, ut Epicurus;2.nihil bonum nisi vacuitatem doloris, ut Hieronymus... tria genera bonorum, maxima animi, secunda corporis, externa tertia, ut Peripatetici, etc.,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 30, 84 sq.:quid est igitur bonum? Si quid recte fit et honeste et cum virtute, id bene fieri vere dicitur, et quod rectum et honestum et cum virtute est, id solum opinor bonum,
id. Par. 1, 1, 9:ut quis intellegat, quid sit illud simplex et verum bonum quod non possit ab honestate sejungi,
id. Ac. 1, 2, 7:non-est igitur voluptas bonum,
id. Fin. 1, 11, 39: finis bonorum et malorum (telos agathôn) = summa bona et mala:sunt nonnullae disciplinae quae, propositis bonorum et malorum finibus, officium omne pervertant. Nam qui summum bonum sic instituit ut, etc.,
id. Off. 1, 2, 5; cf. id. Par. 1, 3, 14; id. Ac. 2, 9, 29; 2, 36, 114; 2, 42, 129; id. Fin. 1, 9, 29; 1, 12, 42; id. Tusc. 4, 31, 66; Sen. Vit. Beat. 24, 5; id. Ep. 117, 1 et saep.—Bonum, what is valuable, beneficial, estimable, favorable, pleasant, physically or mentally:3.quoi boni Tantum adfero quantum ipsus a diis optat,
Plaut. Capt. 4, 1, 9:multa bona vobis volt facere,
will do you much good, id. Poen. 5, 4, 60; id. Am. prol. 43, 49; id. Pers. 4, 8, 4; 2, 3, 14; id. Cas. 2, 8, 32:tum demum nostra intellegemus bona quom ea amisimus,
id. Capt. 1, 2, 33:multa tibi di dent bona,
id. Poen. 1, 1, 80; cf. id. ib. 3, 3, 54; 3, 3, 74; id. Mil. 3, 1, 120; id. Men. 3, 3, 34; id. Pers. 4, 3, 23; id. Truc. 1, 2, 23; id. Merc. 1, 2, 40; id. Most. 1, 1, 47:omnia Bona dicere,
to speak in the highest terms of one, Ter. And. 1, 1, 70:sed ne vivus quidem bono caret, si eo non indiget,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 36, 88:cum quaecumque bona Peripateticis, eadem Stoicis commoda viderentur,
id. ib. 5, 41, 120:nihil enim boni nosti,
nothing that is good for any thing, id. Phil. 2, 7, 16:mala pro bonis legere dementia est,
Sen. Vit. Beat. 6, 1; Val. Max. 5, 3, ext. 3 fin.; Hor. S. 1, 2, 73:quia bonum sit valere,
a good thing, Cic. Fin. 4, 23, 62 (cf. III. A. 5. infra):melius: quo quidem haud scio an... quidquam melius sit homini a dis immortalibus datum,
id. Lael. 6, 20:meliora... Aristotelem de istis rebus scripsisse,
id. Or. 1, 10, 43:optimum: difficillimum est formam exponere optimi,
id. ib. 11, 36.— Here belongs the phrase boni consulere;v. consulo.—So after prepositions: in bonum vertere, v. under verto: in melius ire,
to change for the better, Tac. A. 12, 68.—In the same sense: in melius aliquid referre, or reflectere ( poet.), Verg. A. 1, 281; 11, 426; 10, 632:ad melius transcurrere,
to pass over to something better, Hor. S. 2, 2, 82.—Bonum or bona, prosperity:4.fortiter malum qui patitur, idem post patitur bonum,
Plaut. As. 2, 2, 58:nulli est homini perpetuum bonum,
id. Curc. 1, 3, 33:unā tecum bona, mala tolerabimus,
Ter. Phorm. 3, 3, 23:quibus in bonis fuerint et nunc quibus in malis sint, ostenditur ( = in secundis, in adversis rebus),
Cic. Inv. 1, 55, 107.—Good qualities, gifts:5.omnia adsunt bona, quem penes'st virtus,
Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 30:magnis illi et divinis bonis hanc licentiam adsequebantur,
Cic. Off. 1, 41, 148:nisi qui se suā gravitate et castimoniā... tum etiam naturali quodam bono defenderet, etc.,
id. Cael. 5, 11:hunc meā sententiā divinis quibusdam bonis instructum atque ornatum puto,
id. ib. 17, 39:non intellego quod bonum cuiquam sit apud tales viros profuturum,
id. Balb. 28, 63:gaude isto tuo tam excellenti bono,
id. Marcell. 6, 19; so id. Imp. Pomp. 16, 49.—Advantage, benefit:6.si plus adipiscare, re explicatā, boni, quam addubitatā mali,
Cic. Off. 1, 24, 83:saepe cogitavi bonine an mali plus adtulerit... eloquentiae studium,
id. Inv. 1, 1, 1; 2, 35, 106; id. Off. 2, 2, 5; id. Sest. 10, 24:maximum bonum in celeritate ponebat,
Sall. C. 43, 4; so, bono publico (abl.), for the public good:hoc ita si fit, publico fiat bono,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 183; Liv. 2, 44, 3; Dig. 41, 3, 1.—With aequum, what is fair and good, the fair ( thing), fairness, equity:7. a.si bonum aequomque oras,
Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 149; so id. Pers. 3, 1, 71; id. Rud. 1, 2, 94; id. Men. 4, 2, 11:si tu aliquam partem aequi bonique dixeris,
Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 32; id. Heaut. 4, 1, 29; id. Ad. 1, 1, 39:a quo vivo nec praesens nec absens quidquam aequi bonique impetravit,
Cic. Phil. 2, 37, 94.—Hence, aequo et bono, or ex aequo et bono, in ( with) fairness, in equity, Ter. Ad. 5, 9, 30; Auct. Her. 2, 10, 14; 2, 12, 18; 2, 13, 20; Gai. Inst. 3, 137: aequi bonique, as gen. of value, with facere:istuc, Chreme, Aequi bonique facio,
I place a fair and proper value on it, Ter. Heaut. 4, 5, 40.—In gen.:b.paterna oportet reddi filio bona,
Plaut. Poen. 5, 2, 120:bona sua med habiturum omnia,
id. Truc. 2, 4, 49; cf. id. ib. 2, 7, 6; 4, 2, 29; id. Rud. 2, 6, 22; id. Most. 1, 3, 77; id. Trin. 4, 4, 3; Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 4:bona mea diripiebantur atque ad consulem deferebantur,
Cic. Sest. 24, 54:cum de capite, civis et de bonis proscriptio ferretur,
id. ib. 30, 65:bona, fortunas, possessiones omnium,
id. Caecin. 13, 38:at mulctantur bonis exsules,
id. Tusc. 5, 37, 106; id. Off. 2, 23, 81; id. Par. 1, 1, 7; id. Sest. 19, 42; 43, 94; 52, 111; id. Phil. 2, 26, 64; Caes. B. G. 7, 3; Liv. 2, 3, 5; 2, 5, 5; 4, 15, 8; Tac. A. 2, 48; Quint. 6, 1, 19 et saep.—Bonorum possessio, the possession of one ' s property by another.(α).Bonorum possessio in consequence of bonorum cessio, i. e. an assignment of one ' s property for the benefit of creditors, Dig. 42, tit. 3.—(β).Bonorum possessio granted by the prætor against a contumacious or insolvent debtor (in bona mittere, in bona ire jubere, bona possidere jubere, etc.); cf. Dig. 42, tit. 4:(γ).postulat a Burrieno Naevius ut ex edicto bona possidere liceat,
Cic. Quint. 6, 25, and the whole of c. 8:edixit... neu quis militis... bona possideret aut venderet,
Liv. 2, 24, 6:bona proscribere,
to offer the property thus transferred for sale, Cic. Quint. 6, 25.—Chiefly referring to the property of a defunct person (hereditas), where the prætor, till the heir had proved his right, granted a bonorum possessio secundum tabulas or contra tabulas, Dig. 37, tit. 4; 37, tit. 11.—c.In bonis esse;III.with reference to the older civil law, which distinguished between civil property (habere rem ex jure Quiritium) and natural property (rem in bonis habere, res in bonis est),
Gai. Inst. 2, 40, 41; Dig. 40, 12, 38, § 2; 37, 6, 2, § 1; 37, 6, 3, § 2; ib. Fragm. 1, 16; Gai. Inst. 1, 22; 1, 35; 1, 222; 1, 167; Dig. 1, 8, 1; 27, 10, 10:neque bonorum possessorum, neque... res pleno jure fiunt, sed in bonis efficiuntur,
ib. Fragm. 3, 80.—Hence, nullam omnino arbitrabamur de eā hereditate controversiam eum habiturum, et est hodie in bonis, i. e. [p. 247] the bonorum possessio has been granted to him, which did not give full ownership, but effected only that the hereditas was in bonis. Cic. Fam. 13, 30, 1.Predicative use.A.With nouns or pronouns as subjects.1.Bonum esse, to be morally good, honest:2.nunc mihi bonae necessum est esse ingratiis, Quamquam esse nolo,
Plaut. Cist. 2, 3, 82:bonam ego quam beatam me esse nimio dici mavolo,
id. Poen. 1, 2, 93; so id. Capt. 2, 1, 44; id. Men. 4, 2, 6; id. Rud. prol. 29:itaque viros fortes magnanimos eosdem, bonos et simplices... esse volumus,
Cic. Off. 1, 19, 63; cf. id. ib. 3, 21, 84; id. Att. 15, 6, 1:Cato esse quam videri bonus malebat,
Sall. C. 54, 5:ut politiora, non ut meliora fiant ingenia,
Val. Max. 5, 4, ext. 5 fin. —To be beneficial, prosperous, advantageous, valuable, favorable, serviceable, correct, with reference to both persons and things as subjects, and in regard to physical and mental relations:3.jam istuc non bonumst,
Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 29; Cato, R. R. 157:oleum viridius et melius fiet,
id. ib. 3:vinum ut alvum bonam faciat,
to correct the bowels, id. ib. 156:quid est homini salute melius?
Plaut. As. 3, 3, 127:non optuma haec sunt, verum meliora quam deterruma,
id. Trin. 2, 3, 1:quid est quod huc possit quod melius sit accedere?
Cic. Fin. 1, 12, 41; 1, 18, 57; id. Tusc. 1, 41, 99:in quo (vestitu), sicut in plerisque rebus, mediocritas optima est,
id. Off. 1, 36, 130; 2, 17, 59; id. Inv. 1, 31, 51; id. Or. 2, 6; 11, 36:meliorem tamen militem... in futura proelia id certamen fecit,
Liv. 2, 51, 3:parvus ut est cygni melior canor, ille gruum quam Clamor,
Lucr. 4, 181; 4, 191:si meliora dies, ut vina, poemata reddit,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 34.—So in the optative formula:quod bonum, faustum, felixque sit,
Liv. 1, 28, 7; 1, 17, 10; 39, 15, 1; 3, 54;3, 34.—Also, quod bonum atque fortunatum mihi sit,
Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 50;and with a noun as subject: ut nobis haec habitatio Bona, fausta, felix, fortunataque evenat,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 3.—To be kind:4.bonus cum probis'st (erus), malus cum malis,
Plaut. Most. 4, 1, 22:hic si vellet bonus ac benignus Esse,
Hor. S. 1, 2, 52.—With reference to the gods:B.ecastor ambae (Fortuna et Salus sunt bonae,
Plaut. As. 3, 3, 129:Palladis aut oculos ausa negare bonos (esse),
Prop. 3, 24, 12 (2, 28, 12).—Impers.1.Bonum est (very rare for the class. bene est; v. bene).(α). (β).With subject inf.:2.nam et stulte facere, et stulte fabularier in aetate haud bonum est,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 61:bonum est pauxillum amare, insane non bonum est,
id. Curc. 1, 3,20.—Melius est.(α).With subject inf.:(β).melius sanam est mentem sumere,
Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 51:nihil sentire est melius quam tam prava sentire,
Cic. Ac. 2, 40, 125; cf. id. Fin. 1, 19, 62; id. Off. 1, 43, 156; so,melius fuit, fuisset, or fuerat,
it would have been better, id. N. D. 3, 33; id. Sen. 23, 82; id. Off. 3, 25, 94:proinde quiesse erit melius,
Liv. 3, 48, 3; 3, 41, 3; Verg. A. 11, 303.—With subject inf.-clause:(γ).meliu'st te quae sunt mandata tibi praevortier,
Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 125; id. Men. 5, 9, 32.—With ut-clause:(δ).quid melius quam ut hinc intro abeam et me suspendam clanculum,
Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 145; so id. Ps. 4, 7, 18.—With subjectclause in the subjunctive:3.nunc quid mihi meliu'st quam ilico hic opperiar erum,
Plaut. Rud. 2, 2, 22.—Optimum est.(α).With subject inf.:(β).optimum visum est, captivos quam primum deportare,
Liv. 23, 34, 8:si quis dicit optimum esse navigare,
Sen. Ot. Sap. 8, 4 (32 fin.); so, optimum fuit, it would have been better, and optimum erat, it would be better, Quint. 6, prooem. 3; 11, 2, 33; Hor. S. 2, 1, 7.—With inf.-clause:(γ).constituerunt optimum esse, domum suam quemque reverti,
Caes. B. G. 2, 10: optimum visum est, in fluctuantem aciem tradi equos, etc., Liv 6, 24, 10; 22, 27, 6.—With ut and subj:(δ).hoc vero optimum, ut is qui, etc., id ultimum bonorum, id ipsum quid et quale sit nesciat,
Cic. Fin. 2, 3, 6.—With quod:(ε).illa vero optima (sunt) quod cum Haluntium venisset Archagathum vocari jussit,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 23, § 51:optimum vero (est) quod dictaturae nomen in perpetuum de re publica sustulisti,
id. Phil. 2, 36, 91.—With second sup., in the phrase optumum factu est (where factu is redundant):IV.sed hoc mihi optumum factu arbitror,
Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 16:optimum factu esse duxerant frumento... nostros prohibere,
Caes. B. G. 4, 30:optumum factu credens exercitum augere,
Sall. C. 32, 1 (Kritz, factum); 57, 5 (Kritz, factum).Ellipt. use: di meliora, i. e. dent or velint, i. e. let the gods grant better things than what you say, etc.; God forbid! in full:V.di melius duint,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 9, 16:di meliora velint!
Ov. M. 7, 37.—Ellipt.:di meliora! inquit,
Cic. Sen. 14, 47:id ubi mulier audivit, perturbata, dii meliora inquit, etc.,
Liv. 39, 10, 2; 9, 9, 6; Verg. G. 3, 513;similarly, di melius, i. e. fecerunt,
Val. Max. 6, 1, ext. 3.With object expressed,1.By dat.(α).= good, useful, beneficial for:(β).ambula, id lieni optumum est,
Plaut. Curc. 2, 1, 25:quia vobis eadem quae mihi bona malaque esse intellexi,
Sall. C. 20, 3:bona bello Cornus, jaculis, etc.,
Verg. G. 2, 447.—= benignus or propitius, kind to:(γ).vicinis bonus esto,
Cato, R. R. 4:bene merenti mala es, male merenti bona es,
Plaut. As. 1, 2, 3:vos o mihi Manes, Este boni,
Verg. A. 12, 647.—= idoneus, fit for, adapted to:(δ).qui locus vino optimus dicetur esse,
Cato, R. R. 6:tum erit ei rei optumum tempus,
id. ib. 26:terra cui putre solum, Optima frumentis,
Verg. G. 2, 205; 2, 319; 1, 286.—With sum and dat., in the phrase alicui bono est, it is of service to one, profits him:(ε).accusant in quibus occidi patrem Sex. Roscii bono fuit,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 5, 13:bono fuisse Romanis adventum eorum constabat,
Liv. 7, 12, 4.—Hence, with rel. dat.: cui bono (est), for whose advantage it is:quod si quis usurpet illud Cassianum cui bono fuerit, etc.,
Cic. Phil. 2, 14, 35:cui bono fuisset,
id. Rosc. Am. 30, 84; id. Mil. 12, 32 Ascon. ad loc.; cf.ellipt. form cui bono?
Prisc. p. 1208 P.—With dat. gerund:2.ager oleto conserundo qui in Favonium spectavit, aliis bonus nullus erit,
Cato, R. R. 6; Varr. R. R. 1, 24:(mons) quia pecori bonus alendo erat,
Liv. 29, 31; 9, 10.—By ad and acc.:refert et ad quam rem bona aut non bona sit,
Varr. R. R. 1, 91:occasio quaeritur idoneane fuerit ad rem adoriendam, an alia melior,
Auct. Her. 2, 4, 7:non campos modo militi Romano ad proelium bonos, etc.,
Tac. A. 2, 14. -
8 meliores
bŏnus (old form dŭonus, Carm. Sall. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 26 Mull.; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 67 Mull.), a, um, adj. [for duonus, cf. bellum, bis, and cf. root dvi-; hence deidô, deos], good; comp. melior, us [cf. Gr. mala, mallon], better; sup. optimus ( optumus, ante-class. and often class.) [root opof ops, opes; cf. copia, apiscor], best.I.Attributively.A.As adjunct of nouns denoting persons.1.Vir bonus.(α).A man morally good (kalos kagathos):(β).quoniam boni me viri pauperant, improbi alunt,
Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 60:omnibus virtutibus instructos et ornatos tum sapientes, tum viros bonos dicimus,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 10, 28:ille vir bonus qui... intolerabili dolore lacerari potius quam aut officium prodat aut fidem,
id. Ac. 2, 8, 23:sive vir bonus est is qui prodest quibus potest, nocet nemini, certe istum virum bonum non facile reperimus,
id. Off. 3, 15, 64:qui se ita gerunt ut eorum probitas, fides, integritas, etc.... hos viros bonos... appellandos putemus,
id. Lael. 5, 19:non intellegunt se de callido homine loqui, non de bono viro,
id. Att. 7, 2, 4:ut quisque est vir optimus, ita difficillime esse alios improbos suspicatur,
id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 4, § 12:nec enim melior vir fuit Africano quisquam, nec clarior,
id. Lael. 2, 6; id. Leg. 1, 14, 41; 1, 18, 48; id. Planc. 4, 9; id. Par. 3, 1, 21; id. Marcell. 6, 20; id. Fam. 7, 21; id. Off. 2, 16, 57.—An honest man:(γ).justitia, ex qua viri boni nominantur,
Cic. Off. 1, 7, 21; 1, 44, 155; 2, 11, 39; 2, 12, 42; 2, 20, 71;3, 12, 50: cum is sponsionem fecisset ni vir bonus esset,
id. ib. 3, 19, 77:quoniam Demosthenes nec vir bonus esset, nec bene meritus de civitate,
id. Opt. Gen. 7, 20; cf. id. Rosc. Am. 40, 116.—A man of good standing in the community:(δ).id viri boni arbitratu deducetur,
Cato, R. R. 143; so id. ib. 149:tuam partem viri bono arbitratu... dari oportet,
Dig. 17, 1, [p. 244] 35;37, 6, 2, § 2: quem voles virum bonum nominato,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 25, § 55:vir bonus est... quo res sponsore, et quo causae teste tenentur,
Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 40.—Hence, ironically of wealthy men:praetores jus dicunt, aediles ludos parant, viri boni usuras perscribunt,
Cic. Att. 9, 12, 3.—Ironically of bad men:(ε).sed eccum lenonem Lycum, bonum virum,
Plaut. Poen. 5, 5, 52; Ter. Eun. 5, 3, 9; 4, 3, 18; id. Ad. 3, 4, 30:expectabam quinam isti viri boni testes hujus manifesto deprehensi veneni dicerentur,
Cic. Cael. 26, 63:nam socer ejus, vir multum bonus est,
id. Agr. 3, 3, 13;so especially in addresses (mostly comic.): age tu, illuc procede, bone vir!
Plaut. Capt. 5, 2, 1; id. Curc. 5, 2, 12; id. Ps. 4, 7, 48; id. Pers. 5, 2, 11; Ter. And. 3, 5, 10; 5, 2, 5; id. Ad. 4, 2, 17; id. Eun. 5, 2, 11:quid tu, vir optime? Ecquid habes quod dicas?
Cic. Rosc. Am. 36, 104.—Sometimes boni viri = boni, in the sense of optimates (v. I. A. 3.):(ζ).bonis viris quid juris reliquit tribunatus C. Gracchi?
Cic. Leg. 3, 9, 20.—As a conventional courtesy:2.homines optimi non intellegunt, etc.,
Cic. Fin. 1, 7, 25:bone accusator,
id. Rosc. Am. 21, 58:sic illum amicum vocasti, quomodo omnes candidatos bonos viros dicimus,
gentlemen, Sen. Ep. 3, 1.—For bonus vir, a good husband, v. 3.; and for vir optimus, as a laudatory epithet, v. 5.—Boni homines (rare) = boni, better classes of society, v. II. A. 3:3.in foro infimo boni homines atque dites ambulant,
Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 14.—With nouns denoting persons in regard to their functions, offices, occupations, and qualities, denoting excellence:4.bonus consul,
Liv. 4, 40, 6; 22, 39, 2 (different: consules duos, bonos quidem, sed dumtaxat bonos, amisimus, consuls of good sentiments, almost = bad consuls, Cic. ad Brut. 1, 3, 4):boni tribuni plebis,
Cic. Phil. 1, 10, 25:bonus senator,
id. Prov. Cons. 15, 37:senator bonus,
id. Dom. 4, 8:bonus judex,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 15, § 34:bonus augur (ironically),
id. Phil. 2, 32, 80:bonus vates,
Plaut. Mil. 3, 3, 27:bonus imperator,
Sall. C. 60, 4:bonus dux,
Quint. 12, 1, 43 (cf. trop.:naturam, optimam ducem,
the best guide, Cic. Sen. 2, 5):bonus miles,
Sall. C. 60, 4; Sen. Vit. Beat. 15, 5:bonus orator,
Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 10:optimus orator,
id. Opt. Gen. 1, 3:poeta bonus,
id. de Or. 1, 3, 11; 2, 46, 194; id. Fin. 1, 3, 10:scriptor bonus,
Quint. 10, 1, 104:bonus advocatus,
id. 5, 13, 10:bonus defensor,
id. 5, 13, 3:bonus altercator,
a good debater, id. 6, 4, 10:bonus praeceptor,
id. 5, 13, 44; 10, 5, 22:bonus gubernator,
Cic. Ac. 2, 31, 100:optimus opifex,
Hor. S. 1, 3, 133:sutor bonus,
id. ib. 1, 3, 125:actor optimus,
Cic. Sest. 57, 122:cantor optimus est modulator,
Hor. S. 1, 3, 130:melior gladiator,
Ov. Tr. 4, 6, 33: agricola (colonus, dominus) bonus, Cato, R. R. prooem.; Cic. Sen. 16, 56:bonus paterfamilias,
a thrifty head of the house, Nep. Att. 13, 1:bonus servus,
Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 58; id. Am. 2, 1, 46; id. Men. 5, 6, 1; Cic. Mil. 22, 58:dominus bonus,
Cato, R. R. 14:bonus custos,
Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 38.—Ironically, Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 57:filius bonus,
Plaut. Am. 3, 4, 9:patres,
Quint. 11, 3, 178:parens,
id. 6, prooem. 4: bonus (melior, optimus), viz. a good husband, Cic. Inv. 1, 31, 51 sq.; Liv. 1, 9, 15:uxor melior,
Cic. Inv. 1, 31, 52:amicus,
id. Fam. 2, 15, 3:amicus optimus,
Plaut. Cas. 3, 3, 18:optimus testis,
Cic. Fam. 7, 27, 2:auctor, in two senses,
good authority, id. Att. 5, 12, 3;and = bonus scriptor (post-class.),
Quint. 10, 1, 74.—Esp.:bonus civis (rarely civis bonus): in re publica ea velle quae tranquilla et honesta sint: talem enim solemus et sentire bonum civem et dicere, Cic.-Off. 1, 34, 124: eaque est summa ratio et sapientia boni civis, commoda civium non divellere, atque omnes aequitate eadem continere,
id. ib. 2, 23, 83:eum esse civem et fidelem et bonum,
Plaut. Pers. 1, 2, 15; Cic. Fam. 2, 8, 2; 1, 9, 10; 3, 12, 1; 6, 6, 11; id. Off. 1, 44, 155; Liv. 22, 39, 3; Sall. H. Fragm. 1, 10 Dietsch:optimus et fortissimus civis,
Cic. Fam. 12, 2, 3; id. Sest. 17, 39.—Bonus and optimus as epithets of the gods.(α).In gen.:(β).sed te bonus Mercurius perdat,
Plaut. Cas. 2, 3, 23:fata... bonique divi,
Hor. C. 4, 2, 38:divis orte bonis,
id. ib. 4, 5, 1:O bone deus!
Scrib. Comp. 84 fin.: BONORVM DEORVM, Inscr. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 34, 84: totidem, pater optime, dixi, Tu mihi da cives, referring to Jupiter, Ov. M. 7, 627.—Optimus Maximus, a standing epithet of Jupiter:(γ).(Juppiter) a majoribus nostris Optimus Maximus (nominatur), et quidem ante optimus, id est beneficentissimus, quam Maximus,
Cic. N. D. 2, 25, 64:Jovem optimum et maximum ob eas res appellant, non quod, etc.,
id. ib. 3, 36, 87:in templo Jovis Optimi Maximi,
id. Sest. 56, 129; id. Prov. Cons. 9, 22:nutu Jovis Optimi Maximi,
id. Cat. 3, 9, 21; Liv. 1, 12, 7; id. 6, 16, 2.—Di boni, O di boni, expressing indignation, sorrow, or surprise:(δ).di boni, hunc visitavi antidhac!
Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 16:di boni, boni quid porto!
Ter. And. 2, 2, 1:di boni, quid hoc morbi est,
id. Eun. 2, 1, 19; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 13; id. Ad. 3, 3, 86:alter, O di boni, quam taeter incedebat!
Cic. Sest. 8, 19; id. Brut. 84, 288; id. Phil. 2, 8, 20; 2, 32, 80; id. Att. 1, 16, 5; 14, 21, 2; Val. Max. 3, 5, 1; Sen. Vit. Beat. 2, 3.—Bona Dea, etc., v. 6.—5.Optimus as a laudatory epithet.(α).Vir optimus:(β).per vos nobis, per optimos viros optimis civibus periculum inferre conantur,
Cic. Sest. 1, 2:virum optimum et constantissimum M. Cispium,
id. ib. 35, 76:fratrem meum, virum optimum, fortissimum,
id. ib.:consolabor hos praesentes, viros optimos,
id. Balb. 19, 44; id. Planc. 21, 51; 23, 55; id. Mil. 14, 38; id. Marcell. 4, 10; id. Att. 5, 1, 5; Hor. S. 1, 6, 53.—Femina bona, optima:(γ).tua conjunx bona femina,
Cic. Phil. 3, 6, 16:hujus sanctissimae feminae atque optimae pater,
id. ib. —Senex, pater, frater, etc.:(δ).optimus: parentes ejus, prudentissimi atque optimi senis,
Cic. Planc. 41, 97:insuevit pater optimus hoc me,
Hor. S. 1, 4, 105; 2, 1, 12:C. Marcelli, fratris optimi,
Cic. Fam. 4, 7, 6; id. Q. Fr. 2, 6 (8), 2; 2, 4, 2.—With proper names ( poet.):(ε).optimus Vergilius,
Hor. S. 1, 6, 54:Maecenas optimus,
id. ib. 1, 5, 27:optime Quinti,
id. Ep. 1, 16, 1.—Esp. as an epithet of the Roman emperors:6.quid tam civile, tam senatorium quam illud, additum a nobis Optimi cognomen?
Plin. Pan. 2, 7:gratias, inquit, ago, optime Princeps!
Sen. Tranq. 14. 4:ex epistula optimi imperatoris Antonini,
Gai. Inst. 1, 102; cf.:bene te patriae pater optime Caesar,
Ov. F. 2, 637:optime Romulae Custos gentis,
Hor. C. 4, 5, 1.—Bonus and Bona, names of deities.(α).Bona Dea, the goddess of Chastity, whose temple could not be entered by males (cf. Macr. S. 1, 12; Lact. 1, 22):(β).Bonae Deae pulvinaribus,
Cic. Pis. 39, 95; id. Mil. 31, 86; id. Fam. 1, 9, 15; cf.in mal. part.,
Juv. 2, 86 sq.; 6, 314 sq.; 6, 335 sq.—Bonus Eventus, Varr. R. R. 1, 1 med.; Amm. 29, 6, 19; Inscr. Orell. 907; 1780 sq.—(γ).Bona Fortuna:(δ).si bona Fortuna veniat, ne intromiseris,
Plaut. Aul. 1, 3, 22:Bonae Fortunae (signum),
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 3, § 7:FORTVNAE BONAE DOMESTICAE,
Inscr. Orell. 1743 sq. —Bona Spes:(ε).Spes Bona, obsecro, subventa mihi,
Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 12:BONAE SPEI,
Aug. Inscr. Grut. 1075, 1.—BONA MENS, Inscr. Orell. 1818 sqq.:B.Mens Bona, si qua dea es, tua me in sacraria dono,
Prop. 3, 24, 19.With nouns denoting things.1.Things concrete, denoting excellence:2.navis bona dicitur non quae pretiosis coloribus picta est... sed stabilis et firma,
Sen. Ep. 76, 13:gladium bonum dices, non cui auratus est balteus, etc., sed cui et ad secandum subtilis acies est, et, etc.,
id. ib. 76, 14:id vinum erit lene et bono colore,
Cato, R. R. 109; Lucr. 2, 418; Ov. Am. 2, 7, 9:tabulas... collocare in bono lumine,
Cic. Brut. 75, 261: ex quavis olea oleum... bonum fieri potest. Cato, R. R. 3:per aestatem boves aquam bonam et liquidam bibant semper curato,
id. ib. 73; cf.:bonae aquae, ironically compared to wine,
Prop. 2, 33 (3, 31), 28:praedium bonum caelum habeat,
good temperature, Cato, R. R. 1:bona tempestate,
in good weather, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 2, 4:(praedium) solo bono valeat,
by good soil, Cato, R. R. 1:bonae (aedes) cum curantur male,
Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 24:villam bonam,
Cic. Off. 3, 13, 55:bonus pons,
Cat. 17, 5:scyphi optimi (= optime facti),
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 14, § 32:perbona toreumata,
id. ib. 2, 4, 18, §38: bona domicilia,
comfortable residences, id. N. D. 2, 37, 95:agrum Meliorem nemo habet,
Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 12:fundum meliorem,
Cic. Inv. 1, 31, 52: fundos optimos et fructuosissimos, id. Agr. 3, 4, 14:equus melior,
id. Inv. 1, 31, 52:bona cena,
Cat. 13, 3:boni nummi,
good, not counterfeit, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 144; Cic. Off. 3, 23, 91:super omnia vultus accessere boni,
good looks, Ov. M. 8, 678:mulier bona forma,
of a fine form, Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 13:equus formae melioris,
Hor. S. 2, 7, 52:tam bona cervix, simul ac jussero, demetur,
fine, beautiful, Suet. Calig. 33:fruges bonae,
Cat. 34, 19:ova suci melioris,
of better flavor, Hor. S. 2, 4, 13.— Trop.:animus aequus optimum est aerumnae condimentum,
Plaut. Rud. 2, 3, 71: bona dextra, a lucky hand (cf.:bonum omen, 2. e.),
Quint. 6, 3, 69:scio te bona esse voce, ne clama nimis,
good, sound, loud voice, Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 43; so,bona firmaque vox,
Quint. 11, 3, 13.—Things abstract.a.Of physical well-being:b.ut si qui neget sine bona valetudine posse bene vivi,
Cic. Inv. 1, 51, 93; Sen. Vit. Beat. 22, 2; Lucr. 3, 102; Val. Max. 2, 5, 6; Quint. 10, 3, 26; 11, 2, 35 et saep.:non bonus somnus de prandio est,
Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 8:bona aetas,
prime of life, Cic. Sen. 14, 48:optima aetate,
id. Fam. 10, 3, 3.—Ironically:bona, inquis, aetate, etc.,
Sen. Ep. 76, 1.—Of the mind and soul:c.meliore esse sensu,
Cic. Sest. 21, 47:optima indoles,
id. Fin. 5, 22, 61:bona conscientia,
Quint. 6, 1, 33; 9, 2, 93; Sen. Vit. Beat. 20, 5:bono ingenio me esse ornatam quam auro multo mavolo,
with a good heart, Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 91; id. Stich. 1, 21, 59; Sall. C. 10, 5:mens melior,
Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 78; Cic. Phil. 3, 5, 13; Liv. 39, 16, 5; Sen. Ben. 1, 11, 4; id. Ep. 10, 4; Pers. 2, 8; Petr. 61.—Personified, Prop. 3 (4), 24, 19; Ov. Am. 1, 2, 31:duos optimae indolis filios,
Val. Max. 5, 7, 2; Sen. Ben. 6, 16, 6; Quint. 1, 2, 5:bonum consilium,
Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 6; id. Rud. 4, 3, 18; Cic. Off. 1, 33, 121:bona voluntas,
a good purpose, Quint. 12, 11, 31:memoria bona,
Cic. Att. 8, 4, 2:bona ratio cum perdita... confligit,
id. Cat. 2, 11, 25:bonae rationes,
Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 50:pronuntiatio bona,
Auct. Her. 3, 15, 27.—Of moral relations:d.ego si bonam famam mihi servasso, sat ero dives,
Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 71; Cic. Sest. 66, 139; Liv. 6, 11, 7; Hor. S. 1, 2, 61 (cf. Cic. Att. 7, 26, 1;v. e. infra): si ego in causa tam bona cessi tribuni plebis furori,
Cic. Sest. 16, 36; id. Planc. 36, 87; Ov. M. 5, 220:fac, sis, bonae frugi sies,
of good, regular habits, Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 35; id. Cas. 2, 4, 5; 2, 5, 19; id. Ps. 1, 5, 53; id. Truc. 1, 1, 13; id. Capt. 5, 2, 3 sq. (v. frux, II. B. 1. b.): vilicus disciplina bona utatur. Cato, R. R. 5:bona studia,
moral pursuits, Auct. Her. 4, 17, 25:quidquid vita meliore parasti,
Hor. S. 2, 3, 15: ad spem mortis melioris, an honorable death; so as an epithet of religious exercises:Juppiter, te bonas preces precor,
Cato, R. R. 134; 139.—Of external, artistic, and literary value and usefulness:e.bono usui estis nulli,
Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 15:Optumo optume optumam operam das,
id. Am. 1, 1, 122:bonam dedistis mihi operam,
a valuable service to me, id. Poen. 2, 3, 70; 3, 6, 11; id. Pers. 4, 7, 11; id. Rud. 3, 6, 11 (in a different sense: me bona opera aut mala Tibi inventurum esse auxilium argentarium, by fair or unfair means, id. Ps. 1, 1, 102;v. e. infra): optima hereditas a patribus traditur liberis... gloria virtutis rerumque gestarum,
Cic. Off. 1, 33, 121:bonum otium,
valuable leisure, Sall. C. 4, 1:bonis versibus,
Cic. Ac. 2, 23, 74:versus meliores,
Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 81:meliora poemata,
Hor. A. P. 303:in illa pro Ctesiphonte oratione longe optima,
Cic. Or. 8, 26:optimas fabulas,
id. Off. 1, 31, 114:melius munus,
id. Ac. 1, 2, 7.—Favorable, prosperous, lucky, fortunate:f.de Procilio rumores non boni,
unfavorable rumors, Cic. Att. 4, 16, 5:bona de Domitio, praeclara de Afranio fama est,
about their success in the war, id. ib. 7, 26, 1:si fuisset in discipulo comparando meliore fortuna,
id. Pis. 29, 71; cf.fortuna optima esse,
to be in the best pecuniary circumstances, id. ad Brut. 1, 1, 2:occasio tam bona,
Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 9:senex est eo meliore condicione quam adulesoens cum, etc.,
Cic. Sen. 19, 68; id. Fam. 4, 32:bona navigatio,
id. N. D. 3, 34, 83;esp. in phrase bona spes.—Object.: ergo in iis adulescentibus bonam spem esse dicemus et magnam indolem quos, etc.,
Cic. Fin. 2, 35, 117.—Subject.:ego sum spe bona,
Cic. Fam. 12, 28, 3; id. Cat. 2, 11, 25; [p. 245] id. Att. 14, 1 a, 3; id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 5, § 16:optima spe,
id. Fam. 12, 11, 2.—Pregn., = spes bonarum rerum, Sall. C. 21, 1;v. C. 1. c. infra: meliora responsa,
more favorable, Liv. 7, 21, 6:melior interpretatio,
Tac. H. 3, 65:cum laude et bonis recordationibus,
id. A. 4, 38:amnis Doctus iter melius,
i. e. less injurious, Hor. A. P. 68:omen bonum,
a good, lucky omen, Cic. Pis. 13, 31; cf.Liv. praef. § 13: melius omen,
Ov. F. 1, 221;optimum,
Cic. Fam. 3, 12, 2:bona scaeva,
Plaut. Stich. 5, 2, 24:auspicio optumo,
id. ib. 3, 2, 6; cf.:memini bene, sed meliore Tempore dicam = opportuniore tempore,
Hor. S. 1, 9, 68.—Of public affairs, si mihi bona re publica frui non licuerit, Cic. Mil. 34, 93:g.optima res publica,
id. Or. 1, 1, 1; id. Phil. 1, 8, 19:minus bonis temporibus,
id. Dom. 4, 8; so,optimis temporibus,
id. Sest. 3, 6:nostrae res meliore loco videbantur,
id. ad Brut. 1, 3, 1:lex optima,
id. Pis. 16, 37; id. Sest. 64, 137; id. Phil, 1, 8, 19.—Good = large, considerable:h.bono atque amplo lucro,
Plaut. Am. prol. 6:bona librorum copia,
Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 109; cf.:bona copia cornu,
Ov. M. 9, 88; v. bona pars, C. 8. g.—Noble; with genus, good family, noble extraction, honorable birth: quali me arbitraris genere prognatum? Eu. Bono, Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 35; so id. Ep. 1, 2, 4; 2, 1, 3; id. Pers. 4, 4, 94:k.si bono genere natus sit,
Auct. Her. 3, 7, 13.—Referring to good-will, kindness, faithfulness, in certain phrases.(α).Bona venia or cum bona venia, with the kind permission of a person addressed, especially bona venia orare, expetere, etc.:(β).primum abs te hoc bona venia expeto,
Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 31:bona tua venia dixerim,
Cic. Leg. 3, 15, 34:oravit bona venia Quirites, ne, etc.,
Liv. 7, 41, 3:obsecro vos.. bona venia vestra liceat, etc.,
id. 6, 40, 10:cum bona venia quaeso audiatis, etc.,
id. 29, 17, 6; Arn. c. Gent. 1, p. 5; cf.. sed des veniam bonus oro = venia bona oro,
Hor. S. 2, 4, 5.—Bona pax, without quarrelling:(γ).bona pax sit potius,
let us have no quarrel about that, Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 7;so especially cum bona pace, or bona pace: Hannibal ad Alpis cum bona pace incolentium... pervenit,
without a difficulty with the inhabitants, Liv. 21, 32, 6; 21, 24, 5; 1, 24, 3; 28, 37, 4; 8, 15, 1; cf.: si bonam (pacem) dederitis, = a fair peace, under acceptable conditions, id. 8, 21, 4.—Amicitia bona = bona fide servata, faithful, undisturbed friendship:(δ).igitur amicitia Masinissae bona atque honesta nobis permansit,
Sall. J. 5, 5.—Bona societas, alliance:C.Segestes, memoria bonae societatis, impavidus,
Tac. A. 1, 58.In particular phrases.1.Bonae res.a.= Vitae commoda, comforts of life, abstract or concrete:b.concedatur bonis rebus homines morte privari,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 36, 87:optimis rebus usus est,
he had every most desirable thing, Nep. Att. 18, 1.—= Res secundae, opp. res adversae, prosperity:c.bonis rebus tuis, meas irrides malas,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 45:in bonis rebus,
Hor. C. 2, 3, 2. —Res bona = res familiaris bona, wealth ( poet.): in re bona esse, Laber. ap. Gell. 10, 17, 4.—Also an object of value:d.homines quibus mala abunde omnia erant, sed neque res neque spes bona ulla,
who had no property, nor the hope of any, Sall. C. 21, 1. —Costly things, articles of luxury:e.capere urbem in Arabia plenam bonarum rerum,
Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 46; 4, 4, 82:nimium rei bonae,
id. Stich. 2, 3, 55:ignorantia bonarum rerum,
Nep. Ages. 8, 5 ' bonis rebus gaudere, Hor. S. 2, 6, 110:re bona copiosum esse,
Gell. 16, 19, 7.—Moral, morally good:f.illi cum res non bonas tractent,
Cic. Ac. 2, 33, 72:ut de virtutibus et vitiis, omninoque de bonis rebus et malis quaererent,
id. ib. 1, 4, 15:quid habemus in rebus bonis et malis explorati?
id. ib. 2, 42, 129; so id. Or. 1, 10, 42; id. Leg. 1, 22, 58:quae tamen omnia dulciora fuint et moribus bonis et artibus,
id. Sen. 18, 65.—In literary composition, important or interesting matter, subjects, or questions:2.res bonas verbis electis dictas quis non legat?
Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 8:studiis generorum, praesertim in re bona,
Plaut. Am. 8, 26.—Bonae artes.(α).A good, laudable way of dealing:(β).qui praeclari facinoris aut artis bonae famam quaerit,
Sall. C. 2, 9:huic bonae artes desunt, dolis atque fallaciis contendit,
id. ib. 11, 2:quod is bonarum artium cupiens erat,
Tac. A. 6, 46.—Liberal arts and sciences:3.litteris aut ulli bonae arti,
Quint. 12, 1, 7:conservate civem bonarum artium, bonarum partium, bonorum virorum,
Cic. Sest. 32, 77. —Esp.:optimae artes: optimarum artium scientia,
Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 4; id. Ac. 2, 1, 1; id. Cael. 10, 24; id. Marcell. 1, 4.—Bona fides, or fides bona.a.Good faith, i. e. conscious honesty in acts or words: qui nummos fide bona solvit, who pays (the price of labor) in good faith, i. e. as it is honestly earned, Cato, R. R. 14:b.dic, bona fide, tu id aurum non subripuisti?
Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 46; 4, 10, 47; id. Capt. 4, 2, 111; id. Most. 3, 1, 137; id. Poen. 1, 3, 30; id. Pers. 4, 3, 16; id. Ps. 4, 6, 33:si tibi optima fide omnia concessit,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 49, 144; Quint. 10, 3, 23.—Hence, bonae fidei vir, a conscientious man, Quint. 10, 7, 1.—Jurid. t. t.(α).Good faith in contracts and legal acts in general, opposed to dolus malus, honesty and fairness in dealing with another:(β).ad fidem bonam statuit pertinere, notum esse emptori vitium quod nosset venditor,
Cic. Off. 3, 16, 67.—Hence, alienam rem bona fide emere, to buy, believing the seller to be the rightful owner, Dig. 41, 3, 10; 41, 3, 13, § 1. bonae fidei possessor (also possessio), believing that he is the rightful owner, ib. 5, 3, 25, § 11; 5, 3, 22; 41, 3, 15, § 2;41, 3, 24: conventio contra bonam fidem et mores bonos,
ib. 16, 31, § 7: bonam fidem praestare, to be responsible for one ' s good faith, ib. 17, 1, 10 prooem.—Hence,Bonae fidei actiones or judicia, actions in equity, i. e. certain classes of actions in which the strict civil law was set aside by the praetorian edict in favor of equity:4.actiones quaedam bonae fidei sunt, quaedam stricti juris. Bonae fidei sunt haec: exempto vendito, locato conducto, etc.,
Just. Inst. 4, 6, 28, § 19.—In the republican time the praetor added in such actions to his formula for the judex the words ex fide bona, or, in full:quidquid dare facere oportet ex fide bona,
Cic. Off. 3, 16, 66:iste dolus malus et legibus erat vindicatus, et sine lege, judiciis in quibus additur ex fide bona,
id. ib. 3, 15, 61; cf. id. ib. 3, 17, 70.—Bona verba.(α).Kind words:(β).Bona verba quaeso,
Ter. And. 1, 2, 33.—Words of good omen (v. omen):(γ).dicamus bona verba,
Tib. 2, 2, 1:dicite suffuso ter bona verba mero,
Ov. F. 2, 638.—Elegant or well-chosen expressions:(δ).quid est tam furiosum quam verborum vel optimorum atque ornatissimorum sonitus inanis,
Cic. Or. 1, 12, 51:verborum bonorum cursu,
id. Brut. 66, 233:omnia verba sunt alicubi optima,
Quint. 10, 1, 9.—Moral sayings:5.non est quod contemnas bona verba et bonis cogitationibus plena praecordia,
Sen. Vit. Beat. 20, 1. —Bona dicta.(α).Polite, courteous language:(β).hoc petere me precario a vobis jussit leniter dictis bonis,
Plaut. Am. prol. 25.—Witticisms ( bon-mots): flammam a sapiente facilius ore in ardente opprimi, quam bona dicta teneat, Enn. ap. Cic. Or. 2, 54, 222:6.dico unum ridiculum dictum de dictis melioribus quibus solebam menstruales epulas ante adipiscier,
Plaut. Capt. 3, 1, 22:ibo intro ad libros ut discam de dictis melioribus,
id. Stich. 2, 3, 75.—Bona facta.(α).= bene facta (v. bene, I. B. 2. b.), laudable deeds:(β).nobilitas ambobus et majorum bona facta (sc. erant),
Tac. A. 3, 40.—Bonum factum est, colloq., = bene est, bene factum est (v. bene, I. B. 2. b.):(γ).bonum factum est, ut edicta servetis mea,
Plaut. Poen. prol. 16:haec imperata quae sunt pro imperio histrico, bonum hercle factum (est) pro se quisque ut meminerit,
id. ib. 45.— Hence,Elliptically, introducing commands which cannot be enforced, = if you will do so, it will be well:7.peregrinis in senatum allectis, libellus propositus est: bonum factum, ne quis senatori novo curiam monstrare velit,
Suet. Caes. 80:et Chaldaeos edicere: bonum factum, ne Vitellius... usquam esset,
id. Vit. 14:hac die Carthaginem vici: bonum factum, in Capitolium eamus, et deos supplicemus,
Aur. Vict. 49; cf.:o edictum, cui adscribi non poterit bonum factum,
Tert. Pud. 1.—Bona gratia.(α).A friendly understanding:(β).cur non videmus inter nos haec potius cum bona Ut componantur gratia quam cum mala?
Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 17; so,per gratiam bonam abire,
to part with good feelings, Plaut. Mil. 4, 3, 33.—In jest: sine bona gratia abire, of things cast away, Plaut Truc. 2, 7, 15.—Pleon., in the phrase bonam gratiam habere, = gratiam habere, to thank (v. B. 2. k.), Plaut. Rud. 2, 5, 32; id. Bacch. 4, 8, 99.—8.Bona pars.(α).The well-disposed part of a body of persons:(β).ut plerumque fit, major pars (i. e. of the senate) meliorem vicit,
Liv. 21, 4, 1:pars melior senatus ad meliora responsa trahere,
id. 7, 21, 6.—The good party, i. e. the optimates (gen. in plur.):(γ).civem bonarum partium,
Cic. Sest. 32, 77:(fuit) meliorum partium aliquando,
id. Cael. 6, 13:qui sibi gratiam melioris partis velit quaesitam,
Liv. 2, 44, 3.—Paronom.: (Roscius) semper partium in re publica tam quam in scaena optimarum, i. e. party and part in a drama, Cic. Sest. 56, 120.—Of things or persons, a considerable part (cf. a good deal):(δ).bonam partem ad te adtulit,
Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 43:bonam partem sermonis in hunc diem esse dilatam,
Cic. Or. 2, 3, 14:bonam magnamque partem exercitus,
Val. Max. 5, 2, ext. 4:bona pars noctium,
Quint. 12, 11, 19:bona pars hominum,
Hor. S. 1, 1, 61:meae vocis... bona pars,
id. C. 4, 2, 46; so id. A. P. 297; Ov. P. 1, 8, 74:melior pars diei,
Verg. A. 9, 156.—Rarely, and mostly eccl. Lat.: optima pars, the best part or lot:(ε).nostri melior pars animus est,
Sen. Q. N. 1, prooem. § 14; cf.:quae pars optima est in homine,
best, most valuable, Cic. Tusc. 5, 23, 67:major pars aetatis, certe melior reipublicae data sit,
Sen. Brev. Vit. 18, 1:Maria optimam partem elegit, quae non auferetur ab ea,
Vulg. Luc. 10, 42.—Adverb.:(ζ).bonam partem = ex magna parte,
Lucr. 6, 1249.—Aliquem in optimam partem cognoscere, to know somebody from his most favorable side, Cic. Off. 2, 13, 46: aliquid in optimam partem accipere, to take something in good part, interpret it most favorably:9.Caesar mihi ignoscit quod non venerim, seseque in optimam partem id accipere dicit,
id. Att. 10, 3 a, 2; id. ad Brut. 1, 2, 3:quaeso ut hoc in bonam partem accipias,
id. Rosc. Am. 16, 45.—Dies bonus or bona.(α).A day of good omen, a fortunate day (= dies laetus, faustus):(β).tum tu igitur die bono, Aphrodisiis, addice, etc.,
Plaut. Poen. 2, 49:nunc dicenda bona sunt bona verba die,
Ov. F. 1, 72.—A beautiful, serene day, Sen. Vit. Beat. 22, 3.—10.Bonus mos.(α).Boni mores, referring to individuals, good, decent, moral habits:(β).nihil est amabilius quam morum similitudo bonorum,
Cic. Off. 1, 17, 56:nam hic nimium morbus mores invasit bonos,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 1, 6:domi militiaeque boni mores colebantur,
Sall. C. 9, 1:propter ejus suavissimos et optimos mores,
Cic. Phil. 3, 5, 13:cum per tot annos matronae optimis moribus vixerint,
Liv. 34, 6, 9:mores meliores,
Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 18.—Bonus mos or boni mores, in the abstract, morality, the laws, rules of morality: ei vos morigerari mos bonu'st, it is a rule of morality that you should, etc., Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 4:11.ex optimo more et sanctissima disciplina,
Cic. Phil. 2, 28, 69:neglegentia boni moris,
Sen. Ep. 97, 1.—Jurid. t. t.:conventio, mandatum contra bonos mores,
in conflict with morality, Quint. 3, 1, 57; Dig. 16, 3, 1, § 7; Gai. Inst. 3, 157 et saep. —Adverbial phrases.a.Bono animo esse, or bonum animum habere.(α).To be of good cheer or courage:(β).bono animo es! Liberabit ille te homo,
Plaut. Merc 3, 1, 33; so id. Aul. 4, 10, 61; id. Mil. 4, 8, 32; id. Rud. 3, 3, 17; Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 4; id. Heaut. 4, 6, 18; id. Ad. 2, 4, 20; 3, 5, 1; 4, 2, 4; 4, 5, 62; id. Phorm. 5, 8, 72:animo bono es,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 103; id. Am. 2, 2, 48; 5, 2, 1:bono animo es, inquit Scrofa, et fiscinam expedi,
Varr. R. R. 1, 26:bono animo sint et tui et mei familiares,
Cic. Fam. 6, 18, 1; 6, 10, 29:bono animo esse jubere eam consul,
Liv. 39, 13, 7:habe modo bonum animum,
Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 58; so id. Am. 1, 3, 47; id. Truc. 2, 6, 44; id. Aul. 2, 2, 15:habe animum bonum,
id. Cas. 2, 6, 35; id. Ep. 2, 2, 1; 4, 2, 31:bonum animum habe,
Liv. 45, 8, 5:clamor ortus ut bonum animum haberet,
id. 8, 32, 1; so Sen. Ep. 87, 38.—Bono animo esse, or facere aliquid, to be of a good or friendly disposition, or to do with good, honest intentions:(γ).audire jubet vos imperator histricus, bonoque ut animo sedeant in subselliis qui, etc.,
Plaut. Poen. prol. 5: sunt enim (consules) [p. 246] optimo animo, summo consilio, of the best disposition, Cic. Phil. 3, 1, 2:bono te animo tum populus Romanus... dicere existimavit ea quae sentiebatis, sed, etc.,
id. Imp. Pomp. 19, 56:quod nondum bono animo in populum Romanum viderentur,
Caes. B. G. 1, 6; Quint. 7, 4, 15.—Bonus animus, good temper, patience:b.bonus animus in mala re dimidium mali est,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 37:vos etiam hoc animo meliore feratis,
Ov. M. 9, 433.—Bono modo.(α).= placide, with composure, moderation:(β).si quis quid deliquerit, pro noxa bono modo vindicet,
Cato, R. R. 5:haec tibi tam sunt defendenda quam moenia, mihi autem bono modo, tantum quantum videbitur,
Cic. Ac. 2, 44, 137.—In a decent manner:c.neu quisquam prohibeto filium quin amet... quod bono fiat modo,
Plaut. Merc. 5, 4, 62. —Jure optimo or optimo jure, with good, perfect right:II.te ipse jure optumo incuses licet,
Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 23; id. Rud. 2, 6, 53:ut jure optimo me deserere posses,
Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 6; Sen. Ot. Sap. 2 (29), 2.—With pass. or intr. verb, deservedly:ne jure optimo irrideamur,
Cic. Off. 1, 31, 111; cf. id. ib. 1, 42, 151; id. Marcell. 1, 4;similarly, optimo judicio,
Val. Max. 2, 9, 2.As subst.A.bŏnus, boni, m.; of persons.1.In sing. or plur. orig. = bonus vir, boni viri; v. I. A. 1. a. b, supra, a morally good man.(α).Plur.:(β).bonis quod bene fit haud perit,
Plaut. Rud. 4, 3, 2; id. Capt. 2, 2, 108; id. Trin. 2, 1, 55; id. Pers. 4, 5, 2:melius apud bonos quam apud fortunatos beneficium collocari puto,
Cic. Off. 2, 20, 71:verum esse ut bonos boni diligant, quamobrem... bonis inter bonos quasi necessariam (esse) benevolentiam,
id. Lael. 14, 50:diverso itinere malos a bonis loca taetra... habere,
Sall. C. 52, 13; 7, 2; 52, 22:oderunt peccare boni virtutis amore,
Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 52:tam bonis quam malis conduntur urbes,
Sen. Ben. 4, 28, 4; so id. Vit. Beat. 15, 6; Quint. 9, 2, 76.—Rarely bŏnae, arum, f., good women:quia omnes bonos bonasque adcurare addecet, etc.,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 41.—Sing.:2.malus bonum malum esse volt ut sit sui similis,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 8:nec enim cuique bono mali quidquam evenire potest,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 41, 99; cf.:qui meliorem audax vocet in jus,
Hor. S. 2, 5, 29.—Bonus, a man of honor.(α).A brave man:(β).pro qua (patria) quis bonus dubitet mortem oppetere si ei sit profuturus?
Cic. Off. 1, 17, 57:libertatem quam nemo bonus nisi cum anima simul amittat,
Sall. C. 33, 5:fortes creantur fortibus et bonis,
Hor. C. 4, 4, 29 (opp. ignavi):fama impari boni atque ignavi erant,
Sall. J. 57, 6; 53, 8; id. C. 11, 2. —A gentleman:3. (α).quis enim umquam, qui paululum modo bonorum consuetudinem nosset, litteras ad se ab amico missas... in medium protulit?
Cic. Phil. 2, 4, 7.—In gen. (of political sentiments, = optimates, opp. populares, seditiosi, perditi cives, etc.;(β).so usu. in Cic.): meam causam omnes boni proprie enixeque susceperant,
Cic. Sest. 16, 38:audaces homines et perditi nutu impelluntur... boni, nescio quomodo, tardiores sunt, etc.,
id. ib. 47, 100:ego Kal. Jan. senatum et bonos omnes legis agrariae... metu liberavi,
id. Pis. 2, 4:etenim omnes boni, quantum in ipsis fuit, Caesarem occiderunt,
id. Phil. 2, 13, 29; id. Fam. 5, 2, 8; 5, 21, 2; id. Sest. 2, 5; 16, 36; 48, 103; id. Planc. 35, 86; id. Mil. 2, 5; id. Off. 2. 12, 43:maledictis increpat omnes bonos,
Sall. C. 21, 4; 19, 2; 33, 3; Hirt. B. G. 8, 22; so,optimi,
Cic. Leg. 3, 17, 37; and, ironically, boni identified with the rich:bonorum, id est lautorum et locupletum,
id. Att. 8, 1, 3.—Without reference to political views;4.opp. vulgus (rare): nihil ego istos moror fatuos mores quibus boni dedecorant se,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 22:semper in civitate quibus opes nullae sunt bonis invident,
Sall. C. 37, 3:elatus est sine ulla pompa funeris, comitantibus omnibus bonis, maxima vulgi frequentia,
Nep. Att. 22, 2.—So, mĕlĭōres, um, m., one ' s betters:ut quaestui habeant male loqui melioribus,
Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 13:da locum melioribus,
Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 37.—Boni, bone, in addresses, as an expression of courtesy, Hor. S. 2, 2, 1; 2, 6, 51; 2, 6, 95; id. Ep. 2, 2, 37; ironice, id. S. 2, 3, 31.—5.Optimus quisque = quivis bonus, omnes boni.(α).Referring to morality:(β).esse aliquid natura pulcrum quod optimus quisque sequeretur,
every good man, Cic. Sen. 13, 43:qui ita se gerebant ut sua consilia optimo cuique probarent, optimates habebantur,
id. Sest. 45, 96; id. Off. 1, 43, 154; id. Fin. 1, 7, 24; id. Sest. 54, 115; and = even the best:quare deus optimum quemque mala valetudine adficit?
Sen. Prov. 4, 8.—Of the educated classes:(γ). (δ).adhibenda est quaedam reverentia adversus homines, et optimi cujusque et reliquorum,
Cic. Off. 1, 28, 99; cf. id. ib. 1, 25, 85:Catilina plerisque consularibus, praeterea optumo cuique, litteras mittit,
Sall. C. 34, 2:optimo cuique infesta libertas,
Sen. Ot. Sap. 8, 2 (32 fin.).—In gen., excellent:(ε).optimus quisque facere quam dicere... malebat,
Sall. C. 8, 5.—Distributively:(ζ).ita imperium semper ad optumum quemque a minus bono transfertur,
to the best man in each instance, Sall. C. 2, 6.—Referring to another superlative ( = quo quisque melior eo magis, etc.):(η).hic aditus laudis qui semper optimo cuique maxime patuit,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 1, 1; so id. Lael. 4, 14; id. Inv. 2, 11, 36; Sen. Vit. Beat. 18, 1.—Attributively, with a noun:2. 1.optimam quamque causam,
Cic. Sest. 43, 93:optima quaeque dies,
Verg. G. 3, 66.Bonum, or plur. bona, a good, or goods in a moral and metaphysical sense, a moral good, a blessing: sunt autem hae de finibus defensae sententiae: nihil bonum nisi honestum, ut Stoici; nihil bonum nisi voluptatem, ut Epicurus;2.nihil bonum nisi vacuitatem doloris, ut Hieronymus... tria genera bonorum, maxima animi, secunda corporis, externa tertia, ut Peripatetici, etc.,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 30, 84 sq.:quid est igitur bonum? Si quid recte fit et honeste et cum virtute, id bene fieri vere dicitur, et quod rectum et honestum et cum virtute est, id solum opinor bonum,
id. Par. 1, 1, 9:ut quis intellegat, quid sit illud simplex et verum bonum quod non possit ab honestate sejungi,
id. Ac. 1, 2, 7:non-est igitur voluptas bonum,
id. Fin. 1, 11, 39: finis bonorum et malorum (telos agathôn) = summa bona et mala:sunt nonnullae disciplinae quae, propositis bonorum et malorum finibus, officium omne pervertant. Nam qui summum bonum sic instituit ut, etc.,
id. Off. 1, 2, 5; cf. id. Par. 1, 3, 14; id. Ac. 2, 9, 29; 2, 36, 114; 2, 42, 129; id. Fin. 1, 9, 29; 1, 12, 42; id. Tusc. 4, 31, 66; Sen. Vit. Beat. 24, 5; id. Ep. 117, 1 et saep.—Bonum, what is valuable, beneficial, estimable, favorable, pleasant, physically or mentally:3.quoi boni Tantum adfero quantum ipsus a diis optat,
Plaut. Capt. 4, 1, 9:multa bona vobis volt facere,
will do you much good, id. Poen. 5, 4, 60; id. Am. prol. 43, 49; id. Pers. 4, 8, 4; 2, 3, 14; id. Cas. 2, 8, 32:tum demum nostra intellegemus bona quom ea amisimus,
id. Capt. 1, 2, 33:multa tibi di dent bona,
id. Poen. 1, 1, 80; cf. id. ib. 3, 3, 54; 3, 3, 74; id. Mil. 3, 1, 120; id. Men. 3, 3, 34; id. Pers. 4, 3, 23; id. Truc. 1, 2, 23; id. Merc. 1, 2, 40; id. Most. 1, 1, 47:omnia Bona dicere,
to speak in the highest terms of one, Ter. And. 1, 1, 70:sed ne vivus quidem bono caret, si eo non indiget,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 36, 88:cum quaecumque bona Peripateticis, eadem Stoicis commoda viderentur,
id. ib. 5, 41, 120:nihil enim boni nosti,
nothing that is good for any thing, id. Phil. 2, 7, 16:mala pro bonis legere dementia est,
Sen. Vit. Beat. 6, 1; Val. Max. 5, 3, ext. 3 fin.; Hor. S. 1, 2, 73:quia bonum sit valere,
a good thing, Cic. Fin. 4, 23, 62 (cf. III. A. 5. infra):melius: quo quidem haud scio an... quidquam melius sit homini a dis immortalibus datum,
id. Lael. 6, 20:meliora... Aristotelem de istis rebus scripsisse,
id. Or. 1, 10, 43:optimum: difficillimum est formam exponere optimi,
id. ib. 11, 36.— Here belongs the phrase boni consulere;v. consulo.—So after prepositions: in bonum vertere, v. under verto: in melius ire,
to change for the better, Tac. A. 12, 68.—In the same sense: in melius aliquid referre, or reflectere ( poet.), Verg. A. 1, 281; 11, 426; 10, 632:ad melius transcurrere,
to pass over to something better, Hor. S. 2, 2, 82.—Bonum or bona, prosperity:4.fortiter malum qui patitur, idem post patitur bonum,
Plaut. As. 2, 2, 58:nulli est homini perpetuum bonum,
id. Curc. 1, 3, 33:unā tecum bona, mala tolerabimus,
Ter. Phorm. 3, 3, 23:quibus in bonis fuerint et nunc quibus in malis sint, ostenditur ( = in secundis, in adversis rebus),
Cic. Inv. 1, 55, 107.—Good qualities, gifts:5.omnia adsunt bona, quem penes'st virtus,
Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 30:magnis illi et divinis bonis hanc licentiam adsequebantur,
Cic. Off. 1, 41, 148:nisi qui se suā gravitate et castimoniā... tum etiam naturali quodam bono defenderet, etc.,
id. Cael. 5, 11:hunc meā sententiā divinis quibusdam bonis instructum atque ornatum puto,
id. ib. 17, 39:non intellego quod bonum cuiquam sit apud tales viros profuturum,
id. Balb. 28, 63:gaude isto tuo tam excellenti bono,
id. Marcell. 6, 19; so id. Imp. Pomp. 16, 49.—Advantage, benefit:6.si plus adipiscare, re explicatā, boni, quam addubitatā mali,
Cic. Off. 1, 24, 83:saepe cogitavi bonine an mali plus adtulerit... eloquentiae studium,
id. Inv. 1, 1, 1; 2, 35, 106; id. Off. 2, 2, 5; id. Sest. 10, 24:maximum bonum in celeritate ponebat,
Sall. C. 43, 4; so, bono publico (abl.), for the public good:hoc ita si fit, publico fiat bono,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 183; Liv. 2, 44, 3; Dig. 41, 3, 1.—With aequum, what is fair and good, the fair ( thing), fairness, equity:7. a.si bonum aequomque oras,
Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 149; so id. Pers. 3, 1, 71; id. Rud. 1, 2, 94; id. Men. 4, 2, 11:si tu aliquam partem aequi bonique dixeris,
Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 32; id. Heaut. 4, 1, 29; id. Ad. 1, 1, 39:a quo vivo nec praesens nec absens quidquam aequi bonique impetravit,
Cic. Phil. 2, 37, 94.—Hence, aequo et bono, or ex aequo et bono, in ( with) fairness, in equity, Ter. Ad. 5, 9, 30; Auct. Her. 2, 10, 14; 2, 12, 18; 2, 13, 20; Gai. Inst. 3, 137: aequi bonique, as gen. of value, with facere:istuc, Chreme, Aequi bonique facio,
I place a fair and proper value on it, Ter. Heaut. 4, 5, 40.—In gen.:b.paterna oportet reddi filio bona,
Plaut. Poen. 5, 2, 120:bona sua med habiturum omnia,
id. Truc. 2, 4, 49; cf. id. ib. 2, 7, 6; 4, 2, 29; id. Rud. 2, 6, 22; id. Most. 1, 3, 77; id. Trin. 4, 4, 3; Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 4:bona mea diripiebantur atque ad consulem deferebantur,
Cic. Sest. 24, 54:cum de capite, civis et de bonis proscriptio ferretur,
id. ib. 30, 65:bona, fortunas, possessiones omnium,
id. Caecin. 13, 38:at mulctantur bonis exsules,
id. Tusc. 5, 37, 106; id. Off. 2, 23, 81; id. Par. 1, 1, 7; id. Sest. 19, 42; 43, 94; 52, 111; id. Phil. 2, 26, 64; Caes. B. G. 7, 3; Liv. 2, 3, 5; 2, 5, 5; 4, 15, 8; Tac. A. 2, 48; Quint. 6, 1, 19 et saep.—Bonorum possessio, the possession of one ' s property by another.(α).Bonorum possessio in consequence of bonorum cessio, i. e. an assignment of one ' s property for the benefit of creditors, Dig. 42, tit. 3.—(β).Bonorum possessio granted by the prætor against a contumacious or insolvent debtor (in bona mittere, in bona ire jubere, bona possidere jubere, etc.); cf. Dig. 42, tit. 4:(γ).postulat a Burrieno Naevius ut ex edicto bona possidere liceat,
Cic. Quint. 6, 25, and the whole of c. 8:edixit... neu quis militis... bona possideret aut venderet,
Liv. 2, 24, 6:bona proscribere,
to offer the property thus transferred for sale, Cic. Quint. 6, 25.—Chiefly referring to the property of a defunct person (hereditas), where the prætor, till the heir had proved his right, granted a bonorum possessio secundum tabulas or contra tabulas, Dig. 37, tit. 4; 37, tit. 11.—c.In bonis esse;III.with reference to the older civil law, which distinguished between civil property (habere rem ex jure Quiritium) and natural property (rem in bonis habere, res in bonis est),
Gai. Inst. 2, 40, 41; Dig. 40, 12, 38, § 2; 37, 6, 2, § 1; 37, 6, 3, § 2; ib. Fragm. 1, 16; Gai. Inst. 1, 22; 1, 35; 1, 222; 1, 167; Dig. 1, 8, 1; 27, 10, 10:neque bonorum possessorum, neque... res pleno jure fiunt, sed in bonis efficiuntur,
ib. Fragm. 3, 80.—Hence, nullam omnino arbitrabamur de eā hereditate controversiam eum habiturum, et est hodie in bonis, i. e. [p. 247] the bonorum possessio has been granted to him, which did not give full ownership, but effected only that the hereditas was in bonis. Cic. Fam. 13, 30, 1.Predicative use.A.With nouns or pronouns as subjects.1.Bonum esse, to be morally good, honest:2.nunc mihi bonae necessum est esse ingratiis, Quamquam esse nolo,
Plaut. Cist. 2, 3, 82:bonam ego quam beatam me esse nimio dici mavolo,
id. Poen. 1, 2, 93; so id. Capt. 2, 1, 44; id. Men. 4, 2, 6; id. Rud. prol. 29:itaque viros fortes magnanimos eosdem, bonos et simplices... esse volumus,
Cic. Off. 1, 19, 63; cf. id. ib. 3, 21, 84; id. Att. 15, 6, 1:Cato esse quam videri bonus malebat,
Sall. C. 54, 5:ut politiora, non ut meliora fiant ingenia,
Val. Max. 5, 4, ext. 5 fin. —To be beneficial, prosperous, advantageous, valuable, favorable, serviceable, correct, with reference to both persons and things as subjects, and in regard to physical and mental relations:3.jam istuc non bonumst,
Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 29; Cato, R. R. 157:oleum viridius et melius fiet,
id. ib. 3:vinum ut alvum bonam faciat,
to correct the bowels, id. ib. 156:quid est homini salute melius?
Plaut. As. 3, 3, 127:non optuma haec sunt, verum meliora quam deterruma,
id. Trin. 2, 3, 1:quid est quod huc possit quod melius sit accedere?
Cic. Fin. 1, 12, 41; 1, 18, 57; id. Tusc. 1, 41, 99:in quo (vestitu), sicut in plerisque rebus, mediocritas optima est,
id. Off. 1, 36, 130; 2, 17, 59; id. Inv. 1, 31, 51; id. Or. 2, 6; 11, 36:meliorem tamen militem... in futura proelia id certamen fecit,
Liv. 2, 51, 3:parvus ut est cygni melior canor, ille gruum quam Clamor,
Lucr. 4, 181; 4, 191:si meliora dies, ut vina, poemata reddit,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 34.—So in the optative formula:quod bonum, faustum, felixque sit,
Liv. 1, 28, 7; 1, 17, 10; 39, 15, 1; 3, 54;3, 34.—Also, quod bonum atque fortunatum mihi sit,
Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 50;and with a noun as subject: ut nobis haec habitatio Bona, fausta, felix, fortunataque evenat,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 3.—To be kind:4.bonus cum probis'st (erus), malus cum malis,
Plaut. Most. 4, 1, 22:hic si vellet bonus ac benignus Esse,
Hor. S. 1, 2, 52.—With reference to the gods:B.ecastor ambae (Fortuna et Salus sunt bonae,
Plaut. As. 3, 3, 129:Palladis aut oculos ausa negare bonos (esse),
Prop. 3, 24, 12 (2, 28, 12).—Impers.1.Bonum est (very rare for the class. bene est; v. bene).(α). (β).With subject inf.:2.nam et stulte facere, et stulte fabularier in aetate haud bonum est,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 61:bonum est pauxillum amare, insane non bonum est,
id. Curc. 1, 3,20.—Melius est.(α).With subject inf.:(β).melius sanam est mentem sumere,
Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 51:nihil sentire est melius quam tam prava sentire,
Cic. Ac. 2, 40, 125; cf. id. Fin. 1, 19, 62; id. Off. 1, 43, 156; so,melius fuit, fuisset, or fuerat,
it would have been better, id. N. D. 3, 33; id. Sen. 23, 82; id. Off. 3, 25, 94:proinde quiesse erit melius,
Liv. 3, 48, 3; 3, 41, 3; Verg. A. 11, 303.—With subject inf.-clause:(γ).meliu'st te quae sunt mandata tibi praevortier,
Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 125; id. Men. 5, 9, 32.—With ut-clause:(δ).quid melius quam ut hinc intro abeam et me suspendam clanculum,
Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 145; so id. Ps. 4, 7, 18.—With subjectclause in the subjunctive:3.nunc quid mihi meliu'st quam ilico hic opperiar erum,
Plaut. Rud. 2, 2, 22.—Optimum est.(α).With subject inf.:(β).optimum visum est, captivos quam primum deportare,
Liv. 23, 34, 8:si quis dicit optimum esse navigare,
Sen. Ot. Sap. 8, 4 (32 fin.); so, optimum fuit, it would have been better, and optimum erat, it would be better, Quint. 6, prooem. 3; 11, 2, 33; Hor. S. 2, 1, 7.—With inf.-clause:(γ).constituerunt optimum esse, domum suam quemque reverti,
Caes. B. G. 2, 10: optimum visum est, in fluctuantem aciem tradi equos, etc., Liv 6, 24, 10; 22, 27, 6.—With ut and subj:(δ).hoc vero optimum, ut is qui, etc., id ultimum bonorum, id ipsum quid et quale sit nesciat,
Cic. Fin. 2, 3, 6.—With quod:(ε).illa vero optima (sunt) quod cum Haluntium venisset Archagathum vocari jussit,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 23, § 51:optimum vero (est) quod dictaturae nomen in perpetuum de re publica sustulisti,
id. Phil. 2, 36, 91.—With second sup., in the phrase optumum factu est (where factu is redundant):IV.sed hoc mihi optumum factu arbitror,
Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 16:optimum factu esse duxerant frumento... nostros prohibere,
Caes. B. G. 4, 30:optumum factu credens exercitum augere,
Sall. C. 32, 1 (Kritz, factum); 57, 5 (Kritz, factum).Ellipt. use: di meliora, i. e. dent or velint, i. e. let the gods grant better things than what you say, etc.; God forbid! in full:V.di melius duint,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 9, 16:di meliora velint!
Ov. M. 7, 37.—Ellipt.:di meliora! inquit,
Cic. Sen. 14, 47:id ubi mulier audivit, perturbata, dii meliora inquit, etc.,
Liv. 39, 10, 2; 9, 9, 6; Verg. G. 3, 513;similarly, di melius, i. e. fecerunt,
Val. Max. 6, 1, ext. 3.With object expressed,1.By dat.(α).= good, useful, beneficial for:(β).ambula, id lieni optumum est,
Plaut. Curc. 2, 1, 25:quia vobis eadem quae mihi bona malaque esse intellexi,
Sall. C. 20, 3:bona bello Cornus, jaculis, etc.,
Verg. G. 2, 447.—= benignus or propitius, kind to:(γ).vicinis bonus esto,
Cato, R. R. 4:bene merenti mala es, male merenti bona es,
Plaut. As. 1, 2, 3:vos o mihi Manes, Este boni,
Verg. A. 12, 647.—= idoneus, fit for, adapted to:(δ).qui locus vino optimus dicetur esse,
Cato, R. R. 6:tum erit ei rei optumum tempus,
id. ib. 26:terra cui putre solum, Optima frumentis,
Verg. G. 2, 205; 2, 319; 1, 286.—With sum and dat., in the phrase alicui bono est, it is of service to one, profits him:(ε).accusant in quibus occidi patrem Sex. Roscii bono fuit,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 5, 13:bono fuisse Romanis adventum eorum constabat,
Liv. 7, 12, 4.—Hence, with rel. dat.: cui bono (est), for whose advantage it is:quod si quis usurpet illud Cassianum cui bono fuerit, etc.,
Cic. Phil. 2, 14, 35:cui bono fuisset,
id. Rosc. Am. 30, 84; id. Mil. 12, 32 Ascon. ad loc.; cf.ellipt. form cui bono?
Prisc. p. 1208 P.—With dat. gerund:2.ager oleto conserundo qui in Favonium spectavit, aliis bonus nullus erit,
Cato, R. R. 6; Varr. R. R. 1, 24:(mons) quia pecori bonus alendo erat,
Liv. 29, 31; 9, 10.—By ad and acc.:refert et ad quam rem bona aut non bona sit,
Varr. R. R. 1, 91:occasio quaeritur idoneane fuerit ad rem adoriendam, an alia melior,
Auct. Her. 2, 4, 7:non campos modo militi Romano ad proelium bonos, etc.,
Tac. A. 2, 14. -
9 optimum
bŏnus (old form dŭonus, Carm. Sall. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 26 Mull.; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 67 Mull.), a, um, adj. [for duonus, cf. bellum, bis, and cf. root dvi-; hence deidô, deos], good; comp. melior, us [cf. Gr. mala, mallon], better; sup. optimus ( optumus, ante-class. and often class.) [root opof ops, opes; cf. copia, apiscor], best.I.Attributively.A.As adjunct of nouns denoting persons.1.Vir bonus.(α).A man morally good (kalos kagathos):(β).quoniam boni me viri pauperant, improbi alunt,
Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 60:omnibus virtutibus instructos et ornatos tum sapientes, tum viros bonos dicimus,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 10, 28:ille vir bonus qui... intolerabili dolore lacerari potius quam aut officium prodat aut fidem,
id. Ac. 2, 8, 23:sive vir bonus est is qui prodest quibus potest, nocet nemini, certe istum virum bonum non facile reperimus,
id. Off. 3, 15, 64:qui se ita gerunt ut eorum probitas, fides, integritas, etc.... hos viros bonos... appellandos putemus,
id. Lael. 5, 19:non intellegunt se de callido homine loqui, non de bono viro,
id. Att. 7, 2, 4:ut quisque est vir optimus, ita difficillime esse alios improbos suspicatur,
id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 4, § 12:nec enim melior vir fuit Africano quisquam, nec clarior,
id. Lael. 2, 6; id. Leg. 1, 14, 41; 1, 18, 48; id. Planc. 4, 9; id. Par. 3, 1, 21; id. Marcell. 6, 20; id. Fam. 7, 21; id. Off. 2, 16, 57.—An honest man:(γ).justitia, ex qua viri boni nominantur,
Cic. Off. 1, 7, 21; 1, 44, 155; 2, 11, 39; 2, 12, 42; 2, 20, 71;3, 12, 50: cum is sponsionem fecisset ni vir bonus esset,
id. ib. 3, 19, 77:quoniam Demosthenes nec vir bonus esset, nec bene meritus de civitate,
id. Opt. Gen. 7, 20; cf. id. Rosc. Am. 40, 116.—A man of good standing in the community:(δ).id viri boni arbitratu deducetur,
Cato, R. R. 143; so id. ib. 149:tuam partem viri bono arbitratu... dari oportet,
Dig. 17, 1, [p. 244] 35;37, 6, 2, § 2: quem voles virum bonum nominato,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 25, § 55:vir bonus est... quo res sponsore, et quo causae teste tenentur,
Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 40.—Hence, ironically of wealthy men:praetores jus dicunt, aediles ludos parant, viri boni usuras perscribunt,
Cic. Att. 9, 12, 3.—Ironically of bad men:(ε).sed eccum lenonem Lycum, bonum virum,
Plaut. Poen. 5, 5, 52; Ter. Eun. 5, 3, 9; 4, 3, 18; id. Ad. 3, 4, 30:expectabam quinam isti viri boni testes hujus manifesto deprehensi veneni dicerentur,
Cic. Cael. 26, 63:nam socer ejus, vir multum bonus est,
id. Agr. 3, 3, 13;so especially in addresses (mostly comic.): age tu, illuc procede, bone vir!
Plaut. Capt. 5, 2, 1; id. Curc. 5, 2, 12; id. Ps. 4, 7, 48; id. Pers. 5, 2, 11; Ter. And. 3, 5, 10; 5, 2, 5; id. Ad. 4, 2, 17; id. Eun. 5, 2, 11:quid tu, vir optime? Ecquid habes quod dicas?
Cic. Rosc. Am. 36, 104.—Sometimes boni viri = boni, in the sense of optimates (v. I. A. 3.):(ζ).bonis viris quid juris reliquit tribunatus C. Gracchi?
Cic. Leg. 3, 9, 20.—As a conventional courtesy:2.homines optimi non intellegunt, etc.,
Cic. Fin. 1, 7, 25:bone accusator,
id. Rosc. Am. 21, 58:sic illum amicum vocasti, quomodo omnes candidatos bonos viros dicimus,
gentlemen, Sen. Ep. 3, 1.—For bonus vir, a good husband, v. 3.; and for vir optimus, as a laudatory epithet, v. 5.—Boni homines (rare) = boni, better classes of society, v. II. A. 3:3.in foro infimo boni homines atque dites ambulant,
Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 14.—With nouns denoting persons in regard to their functions, offices, occupations, and qualities, denoting excellence:4.bonus consul,
Liv. 4, 40, 6; 22, 39, 2 (different: consules duos, bonos quidem, sed dumtaxat bonos, amisimus, consuls of good sentiments, almost = bad consuls, Cic. ad Brut. 1, 3, 4):boni tribuni plebis,
Cic. Phil. 1, 10, 25:bonus senator,
id. Prov. Cons. 15, 37:senator bonus,
id. Dom. 4, 8:bonus judex,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 15, § 34:bonus augur (ironically),
id. Phil. 2, 32, 80:bonus vates,
Plaut. Mil. 3, 3, 27:bonus imperator,
Sall. C. 60, 4:bonus dux,
Quint. 12, 1, 43 (cf. trop.:naturam, optimam ducem,
the best guide, Cic. Sen. 2, 5):bonus miles,
Sall. C. 60, 4; Sen. Vit. Beat. 15, 5:bonus orator,
Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 10:optimus orator,
id. Opt. Gen. 1, 3:poeta bonus,
id. de Or. 1, 3, 11; 2, 46, 194; id. Fin. 1, 3, 10:scriptor bonus,
Quint. 10, 1, 104:bonus advocatus,
id. 5, 13, 10:bonus defensor,
id. 5, 13, 3:bonus altercator,
a good debater, id. 6, 4, 10:bonus praeceptor,
id. 5, 13, 44; 10, 5, 22:bonus gubernator,
Cic. Ac. 2, 31, 100:optimus opifex,
Hor. S. 1, 3, 133:sutor bonus,
id. ib. 1, 3, 125:actor optimus,
Cic. Sest. 57, 122:cantor optimus est modulator,
Hor. S. 1, 3, 130:melior gladiator,
Ov. Tr. 4, 6, 33: agricola (colonus, dominus) bonus, Cato, R. R. prooem.; Cic. Sen. 16, 56:bonus paterfamilias,
a thrifty head of the house, Nep. Att. 13, 1:bonus servus,
Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 58; id. Am. 2, 1, 46; id. Men. 5, 6, 1; Cic. Mil. 22, 58:dominus bonus,
Cato, R. R. 14:bonus custos,
Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 38.—Ironically, Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 57:filius bonus,
Plaut. Am. 3, 4, 9:patres,
Quint. 11, 3, 178:parens,
id. 6, prooem. 4: bonus (melior, optimus), viz. a good husband, Cic. Inv. 1, 31, 51 sq.; Liv. 1, 9, 15:uxor melior,
Cic. Inv. 1, 31, 52:amicus,
id. Fam. 2, 15, 3:amicus optimus,
Plaut. Cas. 3, 3, 18:optimus testis,
Cic. Fam. 7, 27, 2:auctor, in two senses,
good authority, id. Att. 5, 12, 3;and = bonus scriptor (post-class.),
Quint. 10, 1, 74.—Esp.:bonus civis (rarely civis bonus): in re publica ea velle quae tranquilla et honesta sint: talem enim solemus et sentire bonum civem et dicere, Cic.-Off. 1, 34, 124: eaque est summa ratio et sapientia boni civis, commoda civium non divellere, atque omnes aequitate eadem continere,
id. ib. 2, 23, 83:eum esse civem et fidelem et bonum,
Plaut. Pers. 1, 2, 15; Cic. Fam. 2, 8, 2; 1, 9, 10; 3, 12, 1; 6, 6, 11; id. Off. 1, 44, 155; Liv. 22, 39, 3; Sall. H. Fragm. 1, 10 Dietsch:optimus et fortissimus civis,
Cic. Fam. 12, 2, 3; id. Sest. 17, 39.—Bonus and optimus as epithets of the gods.(α).In gen.:(β).sed te bonus Mercurius perdat,
Plaut. Cas. 2, 3, 23:fata... bonique divi,
Hor. C. 4, 2, 38:divis orte bonis,
id. ib. 4, 5, 1:O bone deus!
Scrib. Comp. 84 fin.: BONORVM DEORVM, Inscr. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 34, 84: totidem, pater optime, dixi, Tu mihi da cives, referring to Jupiter, Ov. M. 7, 627.—Optimus Maximus, a standing epithet of Jupiter:(γ).(Juppiter) a majoribus nostris Optimus Maximus (nominatur), et quidem ante optimus, id est beneficentissimus, quam Maximus,
Cic. N. D. 2, 25, 64:Jovem optimum et maximum ob eas res appellant, non quod, etc.,
id. ib. 3, 36, 87:in templo Jovis Optimi Maximi,
id. Sest. 56, 129; id. Prov. Cons. 9, 22:nutu Jovis Optimi Maximi,
id. Cat. 3, 9, 21; Liv. 1, 12, 7; id. 6, 16, 2.—Di boni, O di boni, expressing indignation, sorrow, or surprise:(δ).di boni, hunc visitavi antidhac!
Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 16:di boni, boni quid porto!
Ter. And. 2, 2, 1:di boni, quid hoc morbi est,
id. Eun. 2, 1, 19; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 13; id. Ad. 3, 3, 86:alter, O di boni, quam taeter incedebat!
Cic. Sest. 8, 19; id. Brut. 84, 288; id. Phil. 2, 8, 20; 2, 32, 80; id. Att. 1, 16, 5; 14, 21, 2; Val. Max. 3, 5, 1; Sen. Vit. Beat. 2, 3.—Bona Dea, etc., v. 6.—5.Optimus as a laudatory epithet.(α).Vir optimus:(β).per vos nobis, per optimos viros optimis civibus periculum inferre conantur,
Cic. Sest. 1, 2:virum optimum et constantissimum M. Cispium,
id. ib. 35, 76:fratrem meum, virum optimum, fortissimum,
id. ib.:consolabor hos praesentes, viros optimos,
id. Balb. 19, 44; id. Planc. 21, 51; 23, 55; id. Mil. 14, 38; id. Marcell. 4, 10; id. Att. 5, 1, 5; Hor. S. 1, 6, 53.—Femina bona, optima:(γ).tua conjunx bona femina,
Cic. Phil. 3, 6, 16:hujus sanctissimae feminae atque optimae pater,
id. ib. —Senex, pater, frater, etc.:(δ).optimus: parentes ejus, prudentissimi atque optimi senis,
Cic. Planc. 41, 97:insuevit pater optimus hoc me,
Hor. S. 1, 4, 105; 2, 1, 12:C. Marcelli, fratris optimi,
Cic. Fam. 4, 7, 6; id. Q. Fr. 2, 6 (8), 2; 2, 4, 2.—With proper names ( poet.):(ε).optimus Vergilius,
Hor. S. 1, 6, 54:Maecenas optimus,
id. ib. 1, 5, 27:optime Quinti,
id. Ep. 1, 16, 1.—Esp. as an epithet of the Roman emperors:6.quid tam civile, tam senatorium quam illud, additum a nobis Optimi cognomen?
Plin. Pan. 2, 7:gratias, inquit, ago, optime Princeps!
Sen. Tranq. 14. 4:ex epistula optimi imperatoris Antonini,
Gai. Inst. 1, 102; cf.:bene te patriae pater optime Caesar,
Ov. F. 2, 637:optime Romulae Custos gentis,
Hor. C. 4, 5, 1.—Bonus and Bona, names of deities.(α).Bona Dea, the goddess of Chastity, whose temple could not be entered by males (cf. Macr. S. 1, 12; Lact. 1, 22):(β).Bonae Deae pulvinaribus,
Cic. Pis. 39, 95; id. Mil. 31, 86; id. Fam. 1, 9, 15; cf.in mal. part.,
Juv. 2, 86 sq.; 6, 314 sq.; 6, 335 sq.—Bonus Eventus, Varr. R. R. 1, 1 med.; Amm. 29, 6, 19; Inscr. Orell. 907; 1780 sq.—(γ).Bona Fortuna:(δ).si bona Fortuna veniat, ne intromiseris,
Plaut. Aul. 1, 3, 22:Bonae Fortunae (signum),
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 3, § 7:FORTVNAE BONAE DOMESTICAE,
Inscr. Orell. 1743 sq. —Bona Spes:(ε).Spes Bona, obsecro, subventa mihi,
Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 12:BONAE SPEI,
Aug. Inscr. Grut. 1075, 1.—BONA MENS, Inscr. Orell. 1818 sqq.:B.Mens Bona, si qua dea es, tua me in sacraria dono,
Prop. 3, 24, 19.With nouns denoting things.1.Things concrete, denoting excellence:2.navis bona dicitur non quae pretiosis coloribus picta est... sed stabilis et firma,
Sen. Ep. 76, 13:gladium bonum dices, non cui auratus est balteus, etc., sed cui et ad secandum subtilis acies est, et, etc.,
id. ib. 76, 14:id vinum erit lene et bono colore,
Cato, R. R. 109; Lucr. 2, 418; Ov. Am. 2, 7, 9:tabulas... collocare in bono lumine,
Cic. Brut. 75, 261: ex quavis olea oleum... bonum fieri potest. Cato, R. R. 3:per aestatem boves aquam bonam et liquidam bibant semper curato,
id. ib. 73; cf.:bonae aquae, ironically compared to wine,
Prop. 2, 33 (3, 31), 28:praedium bonum caelum habeat,
good temperature, Cato, R. R. 1:bona tempestate,
in good weather, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 2, 4:(praedium) solo bono valeat,
by good soil, Cato, R. R. 1:bonae (aedes) cum curantur male,
Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 24:villam bonam,
Cic. Off. 3, 13, 55:bonus pons,
Cat. 17, 5:scyphi optimi (= optime facti),
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 14, § 32:perbona toreumata,
id. ib. 2, 4, 18, §38: bona domicilia,
comfortable residences, id. N. D. 2, 37, 95:agrum Meliorem nemo habet,
Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 12:fundum meliorem,
Cic. Inv. 1, 31, 52: fundos optimos et fructuosissimos, id. Agr. 3, 4, 14:equus melior,
id. Inv. 1, 31, 52:bona cena,
Cat. 13, 3:boni nummi,
good, not counterfeit, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 144; Cic. Off. 3, 23, 91:super omnia vultus accessere boni,
good looks, Ov. M. 8, 678:mulier bona forma,
of a fine form, Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 13:equus formae melioris,
Hor. S. 2, 7, 52:tam bona cervix, simul ac jussero, demetur,
fine, beautiful, Suet. Calig. 33:fruges bonae,
Cat. 34, 19:ova suci melioris,
of better flavor, Hor. S. 2, 4, 13.— Trop.:animus aequus optimum est aerumnae condimentum,
Plaut. Rud. 2, 3, 71: bona dextra, a lucky hand (cf.:bonum omen, 2. e.),
Quint. 6, 3, 69:scio te bona esse voce, ne clama nimis,
good, sound, loud voice, Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 43; so,bona firmaque vox,
Quint. 11, 3, 13.—Things abstract.a.Of physical well-being:b.ut si qui neget sine bona valetudine posse bene vivi,
Cic. Inv. 1, 51, 93; Sen. Vit. Beat. 22, 2; Lucr. 3, 102; Val. Max. 2, 5, 6; Quint. 10, 3, 26; 11, 2, 35 et saep.:non bonus somnus de prandio est,
Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 8:bona aetas,
prime of life, Cic. Sen. 14, 48:optima aetate,
id. Fam. 10, 3, 3.—Ironically:bona, inquis, aetate, etc.,
Sen. Ep. 76, 1.—Of the mind and soul:c.meliore esse sensu,
Cic. Sest. 21, 47:optima indoles,
id. Fin. 5, 22, 61:bona conscientia,
Quint. 6, 1, 33; 9, 2, 93; Sen. Vit. Beat. 20, 5:bono ingenio me esse ornatam quam auro multo mavolo,
with a good heart, Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 91; id. Stich. 1, 21, 59; Sall. C. 10, 5:mens melior,
Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 78; Cic. Phil. 3, 5, 13; Liv. 39, 16, 5; Sen. Ben. 1, 11, 4; id. Ep. 10, 4; Pers. 2, 8; Petr. 61.—Personified, Prop. 3 (4), 24, 19; Ov. Am. 1, 2, 31:duos optimae indolis filios,
Val. Max. 5, 7, 2; Sen. Ben. 6, 16, 6; Quint. 1, 2, 5:bonum consilium,
Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 6; id. Rud. 4, 3, 18; Cic. Off. 1, 33, 121:bona voluntas,
a good purpose, Quint. 12, 11, 31:memoria bona,
Cic. Att. 8, 4, 2:bona ratio cum perdita... confligit,
id. Cat. 2, 11, 25:bonae rationes,
Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 50:pronuntiatio bona,
Auct. Her. 3, 15, 27.—Of moral relations:d.ego si bonam famam mihi servasso, sat ero dives,
Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 71; Cic. Sest. 66, 139; Liv. 6, 11, 7; Hor. S. 1, 2, 61 (cf. Cic. Att. 7, 26, 1;v. e. infra): si ego in causa tam bona cessi tribuni plebis furori,
Cic. Sest. 16, 36; id. Planc. 36, 87; Ov. M. 5, 220:fac, sis, bonae frugi sies,
of good, regular habits, Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 35; id. Cas. 2, 4, 5; 2, 5, 19; id. Ps. 1, 5, 53; id. Truc. 1, 1, 13; id. Capt. 5, 2, 3 sq. (v. frux, II. B. 1. b.): vilicus disciplina bona utatur. Cato, R. R. 5:bona studia,
moral pursuits, Auct. Her. 4, 17, 25:quidquid vita meliore parasti,
Hor. S. 2, 3, 15: ad spem mortis melioris, an honorable death; so as an epithet of religious exercises:Juppiter, te bonas preces precor,
Cato, R. R. 134; 139.—Of external, artistic, and literary value and usefulness:e.bono usui estis nulli,
Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 15:Optumo optume optumam operam das,
id. Am. 1, 1, 122:bonam dedistis mihi operam,
a valuable service to me, id. Poen. 2, 3, 70; 3, 6, 11; id. Pers. 4, 7, 11; id. Rud. 3, 6, 11 (in a different sense: me bona opera aut mala Tibi inventurum esse auxilium argentarium, by fair or unfair means, id. Ps. 1, 1, 102;v. e. infra): optima hereditas a patribus traditur liberis... gloria virtutis rerumque gestarum,
Cic. Off. 1, 33, 121:bonum otium,
valuable leisure, Sall. C. 4, 1:bonis versibus,
Cic. Ac. 2, 23, 74:versus meliores,
Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 81:meliora poemata,
Hor. A. P. 303:in illa pro Ctesiphonte oratione longe optima,
Cic. Or. 8, 26:optimas fabulas,
id. Off. 1, 31, 114:melius munus,
id. Ac. 1, 2, 7.—Favorable, prosperous, lucky, fortunate:f.de Procilio rumores non boni,
unfavorable rumors, Cic. Att. 4, 16, 5:bona de Domitio, praeclara de Afranio fama est,
about their success in the war, id. ib. 7, 26, 1:si fuisset in discipulo comparando meliore fortuna,
id. Pis. 29, 71; cf.fortuna optima esse,
to be in the best pecuniary circumstances, id. ad Brut. 1, 1, 2:occasio tam bona,
Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 9:senex est eo meliore condicione quam adulesoens cum, etc.,
Cic. Sen. 19, 68; id. Fam. 4, 32:bona navigatio,
id. N. D. 3, 34, 83;esp. in phrase bona spes.—Object.: ergo in iis adulescentibus bonam spem esse dicemus et magnam indolem quos, etc.,
Cic. Fin. 2, 35, 117.—Subject.:ego sum spe bona,
Cic. Fam. 12, 28, 3; id. Cat. 2, 11, 25; [p. 245] id. Att. 14, 1 a, 3; id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 5, § 16:optima spe,
id. Fam. 12, 11, 2.—Pregn., = spes bonarum rerum, Sall. C. 21, 1;v. C. 1. c. infra: meliora responsa,
more favorable, Liv. 7, 21, 6:melior interpretatio,
Tac. H. 3, 65:cum laude et bonis recordationibus,
id. A. 4, 38:amnis Doctus iter melius,
i. e. less injurious, Hor. A. P. 68:omen bonum,
a good, lucky omen, Cic. Pis. 13, 31; cf.Liv. praef. § 13: melius omen,
Ov. F. 1, 221;optimum,
Cic. Fam. 3, 12, 2:bona scaeva,
Plaut. Stich. 5, 2, 24:auspicio optumo,
id. ib. 3, 2, 6; cf.:memini bene, sed meliore Tempore dicam = opportuniore tempore,
Hor. S. 1, 9, 68.—Of public affairs, si mihi bona re publica frui non licuerit, Cic. Mil. 34, 93:g.optima res publica,
id. Or. 1, 1, 1; id. Phil. 1, 8, 19:minus bonis temporibus,
id. Dom. 4, 8; so,optimis temporibus,
id. Sest. 3, 6:nostrae res meliore loco videbantur,
id. ad Brut. 1, 3, 1:lex optima,
id. Pis. 16, 37; id. Sest. 64, 137; id. Phil, 1, 8, 19.—Good = large, considerable:h.bono atque amplo lucro,
Plaut. Am. prol. 6:bona librorum copia,
Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 109; cf.:bona copia cornu,
Ov. M. 9, 88; v. bona pars, C. 8. g.—Noble; with genus, good family, noble extraction, honorable birth: quali me arbitraris genere prognatum? Eu. Bono, Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 35; so id. Ep. 1, 2, 4; 2, 1, 3; id. Pers. 4, 4, 94:k.si bono genere natus sit,
Auct. Her. 3, 7, 13.—Referring to good-will, kindness, faithfulness, in certain phrases.(α).Bona venia or cum bona venia, with the kind permission of a person addressed, especially bona venia orare, expetere, etc.:(β).primum abs te hoc bona venia expeto,
Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 31:bona tua venia dixerim,
Cic. Leg. 3, 15, 34:oravit bona venia Quirites, ne, etc.,
Liv. 7, 41, 3:obsecro vos.. bona venia vestra liceat, etc.,
id. 6, 40, 10:cum bona venia quaeso audiatis, etc.,
id. 29, 17, 6; Arn. c. Gent. 1, p. 5; cf.. sed des veniam bonus oro = venia bona oro,
Hor. S. 2, 4, 5.—Bona pax, without quarrelling:(γ).bona pax sit potius,
let us have no quarrel about that, Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 7;so especially cum bona pace, or bona pace: Hannibal ad Alpis cum bona pace incolentium... pervenit,
without a difficulty with the inhabitants, Liv. 21, 32, 6; 21, 24, 5; 1, 24, 3; 28, 37, 4; 8, 15, 1; cf.: si bonam (pacem) dederitis, = a fair peace, under acceptable conditions, id. 8, 21, 4.—Amicitia bona = bona fide servata, faithful, undisturbed friendship:(δ).igitur amicitia Masinissae bona atque honesta nobis permansit,
Sall. J. 5, 5.—Bona societas, alliance:C.Segestes, memoria bonae societatis, impavidus,
Tac. A. 1, 58.In particular phrases.1.Bonae res.a.= Vitae commoda, comforts of life, abstract or concrete:b.concedatur bonis rebus homines morte privari,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 36, 87:optimis rebus usus est,
he had every most desirable thing, Nep. Att. 18, 1.—= Res secundae, opp. res adversae, prosperity:c.bonis rebus tuis, meas irrides malas,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 45:in bonis rebus,
Hor. C. 2, 3, 2. —Res bona = res familiaris bona, wealth ( poet.): in re bona esse, Laber. ap. Gell. 10, 17, 4.—Also an object of value:d.homines quibus mala abunde omnia erant, sed neque res neque spes bona ulla,
who had no property, nor the hope of any, Sall. C. 21, 1. —Costly things, articles of luxury:e.capere urbem in Arabia plenam bonarum rerum,
Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 46; 4, 4, 82:nimium rei bonae,
id. Stich. 2, 3, 55:ignorantia bonarum rerum,
Nep. Ages. 8, 5 ' bonis rebus gaudere, Hor. S. 2, 6, 110:re bona copiosum esse,
Gell. 16, 19, 7.—Moral, morally good:f.illi cum res non bonas tractent,
Cic. Ac. 2, 33, 72:ut de virtutibus et vitiis, omninoque de bonis rebus et malis quaererent,
id. ib. 1, 4, 15:quid habemus in rebus bonis et malis explorati?
id. ib. 2, 42, 129; so id. Or. 1, 10, 42; id. Leg. 1, 22, 58:quae tamen omnia dulciora fuint et moribus bonis et artibus,
id. Sen. 18, 65.—In literary composition, important or interesting matter, subjects, or questions:2.res bonas verbis electis dictas quis non legat?
Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 8:studiis generorum, praesertim in re bona,
Plaut. Am. 8, 26.—Bonae artes.(α).A good, laudable way of dealing:(β).qui praeclari facinoris aut artis bonae famam quaerit,
Sall. C. 2, 9:huic bonae artes desunt, dolis atque fallaciis contendit,
id. ib. 11, 2:quod is bonarum artium cupiens erat,
Tac. A. 6, 46.—Liberal arts and sciences:3.litteris aut ulli bonae arti,
Quint. 12, 1, 7:conservate civem bonarum artium, bonarum partium, bonorum virorum,
Cic. Sest. 32, 77. —Esp.:optimae artes: optimarum artium scientia,
Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 4; id. Ac. 2, 1, 1; id. Cael. 10, 24; id. Marcell. 1, 4.—Bona fides, or fides bona.a.Good faith, i. e. conscious honesty in acts or words: qui nummos fide bona solvit, who pays (the price of labor) in good faith, i. e. as it is honestly earned, Cato, R. R. 14:b.dic, bona fide, tu id aurum non subripuisti?
Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 46; 4, 10, 47; id. Capt. 4, 2, 111; id. Most. 3, 1, 137; id. Poen. 1, 3, 30; id. Pers. 4, 3, 16; id. Ps. 4, 6, 33:si tibi optima fide omnia concessit,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 49, 144; Quint. 10, 3, 23.—Hence, bonae fidei vir, a conscientious man, Quint. 10, 7, 1.—Jurid. t. t.(α).Good faith in contracts and legal acts in general, opposed to dolus malus, honesty and fairness in dealing with another:(β).ad fidem bonam statuit pertinere, notum esse emptori vitium quod nosset venditor,
Cic. Off. 3, 16, 67.—Hence, alienam rem bona fide emere, to buy, believing the seller to be the rightful owner, Dig. 41, 3, 10; 41, 3, 13, § 1. bonae fidei possessor (also possessio), believing that he is the rightful owner, ib. 5, 3, 25, § 11; 5, 3, 22; 41, 3, 15, § 2;41, 3, 24: conventio contra bonam fidem et mores bonos,
ib. 16, 31, § 7: bonam fidem praestare, to be responsible for one ' s good faith, ib. 17, 1, 10 prooem.—Hence,Bonae fidei actiones or judicia, actions in equity, i. e. certain classes of actions in which the strict civil law was set aside by the praetorian edict in favor of equity:4.actiones quaedam bonae fidei sunt, quaedam stricti juris. Bonae fidei sunt haec: exempto vendito, locato conducto, etc.,
Just. Inst. 4, 6, 28, § 19.—In the republican time the praetor added in such actions to his formula for the judex the words ex fide bona, or, in full:quidquid dare facere oportet ex fide bona,
Cic. Off. 3, 16, 66:iste dolus malus et legibus erat vindicatus, et sine lege, judiciis in quibus additur ex fide bona,
id. ib. 3, 15, 61; cf. id. ib. 3, 17, 70.—Bona verba.(α).Kind words:(β).Bona verba quaeso,
Ter. And. 1, 2, 33.—Words of good omen (v. omen):(γ).dicamus bona verba,
Tib. 2, 2, 1:dicite suffuso ter bona verba mero,
Ov. F. 2, 638.—Elegant or well-chosen expressions:(δ).quid est tam furiosum quam verborum vel optimorum atque ornatissimorum sonitus inanis,
Cic. Or. 1, 12, 51:verborum bonorum cursu,
id. Brut. 66, 233:omnia verba sunt alicubi optima,
Quint. 10, 1, 9.—Moral sayings:5.non est quod contemnas bona verba et bonis cogitationibus plena praecordia,
Sen. Vit. Beat. 20, 1. —Bona dicta.(α).Polite, courteous language:(β).hoc petere me precario a vobis jussit leniter dictis bonis,
Plaut. Am. prol. 25.—Witticisms ( bon-mots): flammam a sapiente facilius ore in ardente opprimi, quam bona dicta teneat, Enn. ap. Cic. Or. 2, 54, 222:6.dico unum ridiculum dictum de dictis melioribus quibus solebam menstruales epulas ante adipiscier,
Plaut. Capt. 3, 1, 22:ibo intro ad libros ut discam de dictis melioribus,
id. Stich. 2, 3, 75.—Bona facta.(α).= bene facta (v. bene, I. B. 2. b.), laudable deeds:(β).nobilitas ambobus et majorum bona facta (sc. erant),
Tac. A. 3, 40.—Bonum factum est, colloq., = bene est, bene factum est (v. bene, I. B. 2. b.):(γ).bonum factum est, ut edicta servetis mea,
Plaut. Poen. prol. 16:haec imperata quae sunt pro imperio histrico, bonum hercle factum (est) pro se quisque ut meminerit,
id. ib. 45.— Hence,Elliptically, introducing commands which cannot be enforced, = if you will do so, it will be well:7.peregrinis in senatum allectis, libellus propositus est: bonum factum, ne quis senatori novo curiam monstrare velit,
Suet. Caes. 80:et Chaldaeos edicere: bonum factum, ne Vitellius... usquam esset,
id. Vit. 14:hac die Carthaginem vici: bonum factum, in Capitolium eamus, et deos supplicemus,
Aur. Vict. 49; cf.:o edictum, cui adscribi non poterit bonum factum,
Tert. Pud. 1.—Bona gratia.(α).A friendly understanding:(β).cur non videmus inter nos haec potius cum bona Ut componantur gratia quam cum mala?
Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 17; so,per gratiam bonam abire,
to part with good feelings, Plaut. Mil. 4, 3, 33.—In jest: sine bona gratia abire, of things cast away, Plaut Truc. 2, 7, 15.—Pleon., in the phrase bonam gratiam habere, = gratiam habere, to thank (v. B. 2. k.), Plaut. Rud. 2, 5, 32; id. Bacch. 4, 8, 99.—8.Bona pars.(α).The well-disposed part of a body of persons:(β).ut plerumque fit, major pars (i. e. of the senate) meliorem vicit,
Liv. 21, 4, 1:pars melior senatus ad meliora responsa trahere,
id. 7, 21, 6.—The good party, i. e. the optimates (gen. in plur.):(γ).civem bonarum partium,
Cic. Sest. 32, 77:(fuit) meliorum partium aliquando,
id. Cael. 6, 13:qui sibi gratiam melioris partis velit quaesitam,
Liv. 2, 44, 3.—Paronom.: (Roscius) semper partium in re publica tam quam in scaena optimarum, i. e. party and part in a drama, Cic. Sest. 56, 120.—Of things or persons, a considerable part (cf. a good deal):(δ).bonam partem ad te adtulit,
Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 43:bonam partem sermonis in hunc diem esse dilatam,
Cic. Or. 2, 3, 14:bonam magnamque partem exercitus,
Val. Max. 5, 2, ext. 4:bona pars noctium,
Quint. 12, 11, 19:bona pars hominum,
Hor. S. 1, 1, 61:meae vocis... bona pars,
id. C. 4, 2, 46; so id. A. P. 297; Ov. P. 1, 8, 74:melior pars diei,
Verg. A. 9, 156.—Rarely, and mostly eccl. Lat.: optima pars, the best part or lot:(ε).nostri melior pars animus est,
Sen. Q. N. 1, prooem. § 14; cf.:quae pars optima est in homine,
best, most valuable, Cic. Tusc. 5, 23, 67:major pars aetatis, certe melior reipublicae data sit,
Sen. Brev. Vit. 18, 1:Maria optimam partem elegit, quae non auferetur ab ea,
Vulg. Luc. 10, 42.—Adverb.:(ζ).bonam partem = ex magna parte,
Lucr. 6, 1249.—Aliquem in optimam partem cognoscere, to know somebody from his most favorable side, Cic. Off. 2, 13, 46: aliquid in optimam partem accipere, to take something in good part, interpret it most favorably:9.Caesar mihi ignoscit quod non venerim, seseque in optimam partem id accipere dicit,
id. Att. 10, 3 a, 2; id. ad Brut. 1, 2, 3:quaeso ut hoc in bonam partem accipias,
id. Rosc. Am. 16, 45.—Dies bonus or bona.(α).A day of good omen, a fortunate day (= dies laetus, faustus):(β).tum tu igitur die bono, Aphrodisiis, addice, etc.,
Plaut. Poen. 2, 49:nunc dicenda bona sunt bona verba die,
Ov. F. 1, 72.—A beautiful, serene day, Sen. Vit. Beat. 22, 3.—10.Bonus mos.(α).Boni mores, referring to individuals, good, decent, moral habits:(β).nihil est amabilius quam morum similitudo bonorum,
Cic. Off. 1, 17, 56:nam hic nimium morbus mores invasit bonos,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 1, 6:domi militiaeque boni mores colebantur,
Sall. C. 9, 1:propter ejus suavissimos et optimos mores,
Cic. Phil. 3, 5, 13:cum per tot annos matronae optimis moribus vixerint,
Liv. 34, 6, 9:mores meliores,
Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 18.—Bonus mos or boni mores, in the abstract, morality, the laws, rules of morality: ei vos morigerari mos bonu'st, it is a rule of morality that you should, etc., Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 4:11.ex optimo more et sanctissima disciplina,
Cic. Phil. 2, 28, 69:neglegentia boni moris,
Sen. Ep. 97, 1.—Jurid. t. t.:conventio, mandatum contra bonos mores,
in conflict with morality, Quint. 3, 1, 57; Dig. 16, 3, 1, § 7; Gai. Inst. 3, 157 et saep. —Adverbial phrases.a.Bono animo esse, or bonum animum habere.(α).To be of good cheer or courage:(β).bono animo es! Liberabit ille te homo,
Plaut. Merc 3, 1, 33; so id. Aul. 4, 10, 61; id. Mil. 4, 8, 32; id. Rud. 3, 3, 17; Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 4; id. Heaut. 4, 6, 18; id. Ad. 2, 4, 20; 3, 5, 1; 4, 2, 4; 4, 5, 62; id. Phorm. 5, 8, 72:animo bono es,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 103; id. Am. 2, 2, 48; 5, 2, 1:bono animo es, inquit Scrofa, et fiscinam expedi,
Varr. R. R. 1, 26:bono animo sint et tui et mei familiares,
Cic. Fam. 6, 18, 1; 6, 10, 29:bono animo esse jubere eam consul,
Liv. 39, 13, 7:habe modo bonum animum,
Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 58; so id. Am. 1, 3, 47; id. Truc. 2, 6, 44; id. Aul. 2, 2, 15:habe animum bonum,
id. Cas. 2, 6, 35; id. Ep. 2, 2, 1; 4, 2, 31:bonum animum habe,
Liv. 45, 8, 5:clamor ortus ut bonum animum haberet,
id. 8, 32, 1; so Sen. Ep. 87, 38.—Bono animo esse, or facere aliquid, to be of a good or friendly disposition, or to do with good, honest intentions:(γ).audire jubet vos imperator histricus, bonoque ut animo sedeant in subselliis qui, etc.,
Plaut. Poen. prol. 5: sunt enim (consules) [p. 246] optimo animo, summo consilio, of the best disposition, Cic. Phil. 3, 1, 2:bono te animo tum populus Romanus... dicere existimavit ea quae sentiebatis, sed, etc.,
id. Imp. Pomp. 19, 56:quod nondum bono animo in populum Romanum viderentur,
Caes. B. G. 1, 6; Quint. 7, 4, 15.—Bonus animus, good temper, patience:b.bonus animus in mala re dimidium mali est,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 37:vos etiam hoc animo meliore feratis,
Ov. M. 9, 433.—Bono modo.(α).= placide, with composure, moderation:(β).si quis quid deliquerit, pro noxa bono modo vindicet,
Cato, R. R. 5:haec tibi tam sunt defendenda quam moenia, mihi autem bono modo, tantum quantum videbitur,
Cic. Ac. 2, 44, 137.—In a decent manner:c.neu quisquam prohibeto filium quin amet... quod bono fiat modo,
Plaut. Merc. 5, 4, 62. —Jure optimo or optimo jure, with good, perfect right:II.te ipse jure optumo incuses licet,
Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 23; id. Rud. 2, 6, 53:ut jure optimo me deserere posses,
Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 6; Sen. Ot. Sap. 2 (29), 2.—With pass. or intr. verb, deservedly:ne jure optimo irrideamur,
Cic. Off. 1, 31, 111; cf. id. ib. 1, 42, 151; id. Marcell. 1, 4;similarly, optimo judicio,
Val. Max. 2, 9, 2.As subst.A.bŏnus, boni, m.; of persons.1.In sing. or plur. orig. = bonus vir, boni viri; v. I. A. 1. a. b, supra, a morally good man.(α).Plur.:(β).bonis quod bene fit haud perit,
Plaut. Rud. 4, 3, 2; id. Capt. 2, 2, 108; id. Trin. 2, 1, 55; id. Pers. 4, 5, 2:melius apud bonos quam apud fortunatos beneficium collocari puto,
Cic. Off. 2, 20, 71:verum esse ut bonos boni diligant, quamobrem... bonis inter bonos quasi necessariam (esse) benevolentiam,
id. Lael. 14, 50:diverso itinere malos a bonis loca taetra... habere,
Sall. C. 52, 13; 7, 2; 52, 22:oderunt peccare boni virtutis amore,
Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 52:tam bonis quam malis conduntur urbes,
Sen. Ben. 4, 28, 4; so id. Vit. Beat. 15, 6; Quint. 9, 2, 76.—Rarely bŏnae, arum, f., good women:quia omnes bonos bonasque adcurare addecet, etc.,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 41.—Sing.:2.malus bonum malum esse volt ut sit sui similis,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 8:nec enim cuique bono mali quidquam evenire potest,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 41, 99; cf.:qui meliorem audax vocet in jus,
Hor. S. 2, 5, 29.—Bonus, a man of honor.(α).A brave man:(β).pro qua (patria) quis bonus dubitet mortem oppetere si ei sit profuturus?
Cic. Off. 1, 17, 57:libertatem quam nemo bonus nisi cum anima simul amittat,
Sall. C. 33, 5:fortes creantur fortibus et bonis,
Hor. C. 4, 4, 29 (opp. ignavi):fama impari boni atque ignavi erant,
Sall. J. 57, 6; 53, 8; id. C. 11, 2. —A gentleman:3. (α).quis enim umquam, qui paululum modo bonorum consuetudinem nosset, litteras ad se ab amico missas... in medium protulit?
Cic. Phil. 2, 4, 7.—In gen. (of political sentiments, = optimates, opp. populares, seditiosi, perditi cives, etc.;(β).so usu. in Cic.): meam causam omnes boni proprie enixeque susceperant,
Cic. Sest. 16, 38:audaces homines et perditi nutu impelluntur... boni, nescio quomodo, tardiores sunt, etc.,
id. ib. 47, 100:ego Kal. Jan. senatum et bonos omnes legis agrariae... metu liberavi,
id. Pis. 2, 4:etenim omnes boni, quantum in ipsis fuit, Caesarem occiderunt,
id. Phil. 2, 13, 29; id. Fam. 5, 2, 8; 5, 21, 2; id. Sest. 2, 5; 16, 36; 48, 103; id. Planc. 35, 86; id. Mil. 2, 5; id. Off. 2. 12, 43:maledictis increpat omnes bonos,
Sall. C. 21, 4; 19, 2; 33, 3; Hirt. B. G. 8, 22; so,optimi,
Cic. Leg. 3, 17, 37; and, ironically, boni identified with the rich:bonorum, id est lautorum et locupletum,
id. Att. 8, 1, 3.—Without reference to political views;4.opp. vulgus (rare): nihil ego istos moror fatuos mores quibus boni dedecorant se,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 22:semper in civitate quibus opes nullae sunt bonis invident,
Sall. C. 37, 3:elatus est sine ulla pompa funeris, comitantibus omnibus bonis, maxima vulgi frequentia,
Nep. Att. 22, 2.—So, mĕlĭōres, um, m., one ' s betters:ut quaestui habeant male loqui melioribus,
Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 13:da locum melioribus,
Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 37.—Boni, bone, in addresses, as an expression of courtesy, Hor. S. 2, 2, 1; 2, 6, 51; 2, 6, 95; id. Ep. 2, 2, 37; ironice, id. S. 2, 3, 31.—5.Optimus quisque = quivis bonus, omnes boni.(α).Referring to morality:(β).esse aliquid natura pulcrum quod optimus quisque sequeretur,
every good man, Cic. Sen. 13, 43:qui ita se gerebant ut sua consilia optimo cuique probarent, optimates habebantur,
id. Sest. 45, 96; id. Off. 1, 43, 154; id. Fin. 1, 7, 24; id. Sest. 54, 115; and = even the best:quare deus optimum quemque mala valetudine adficit?
Sen. Prov. 4, 8.—Of the educated classes:(γ). (δ).adhibenda est quaedam reverentia adversus homines, et optimi cujusque et reliquorum,
Cic. Off. 1, 28, 99; cf. id. ib. 1, 25, 85:Catilina plerisque consularibus, praeterea optumo cuique, litteras mittit,
Sall. C. 34, 2:optimo cuique infesta libertas,
Sen. Ot. Sap. 8, 2 (32 fin.).—In gen., excellent:(ε).optimus quisque facere quam dicere... malebat,
Sall. C. 8, 5.—Distributively:(ζ).ita imperium semper ad optumum quemque a minus bono transfertur,
to the best man in each instance, Sall. C. 2, 6.—Referring to another superlative ( = quo quisque melior eo magis, etc.):(η).hic aditus laudis qui semper optimo cuique maxime patuit,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 1, 1; so id. Lael. 4, 14; id. Inv. 2, 11, 36; Sen. Vit. Beat. 18, 1.—Attributively, with a noun:2. 1.optimam quamque causam,
Cic. Sest. 43, 93:optima quaeque dies,
Verg. G. 3, 66.Bonum, or plur. bona, a good, or goods in a moral and metaphysical sense, a moral good, a blessing: sunt autem hae de finibus defensae sententiae: nihil bonum nisi honestum, ut Stoici; nihil bonum nisi voluptatem, ut Epicurus;2.nihil bonum nisi vacuitatem doloris, ut Hieronymus... tria genera bonorum, maxima animi, secunda corporis, externa tertia, ut Peripatetici, etc.,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 30, 84 sq.:quid est igitur bonum? Si quid recte fit et honeste et cum virtute, id bene fieri vere dicitur, et quod rectum et honestum et cum virtute est, id solum opinor bonum,
id. Par. 1, 1, 9:ut quis intellegat, quid sit illud simplex et verum bonum quod non possit ab honestate sejungi,
id. Ac. 1, 2, 7:non-est igitur voluptas bonum,
id. Fin. 1, 11, 39: finis bonorum et malorum (telos agathôn) = summa bona et mala:sunt nonnullae disciplinae quae, propositis bonorum et malorum finibus, officium omne pervertant. Nam qui summum bonum sic instituit ut, etc.,
id. Off. 1, 2, 5; cf. id. Par. 1, 3, 14; id. Ac. 2, 9, 29; 2, 36, 114; 2, 42, 129; id. Fin. 1, 9, 29; 1, 12, 42; id. Tusc. 4, 31, 66; Sen. Vit. Beat. 24, 5; id. Ep. 117, 1 et saep.—Bonum, what is valuable, beneficial, estimable, favorable, pleasant, physically or mentally:3.quoi boni Tantum adfero quantum ipsus a diis optat,
Plaut. Capt. 4, 1, 9:multa bona vobis volt facere,
will do you much good, id. Poen. 5, 4, 60; id. Am. prol. 43, 49; id. Pers. 4, 8, 4; 2, 3, 14; id. Cas. 2, 8, 32:tum demum nostra intellegemus bona quom ea amisimus,
id. Capt. 1, 2, 33:multa tibi di dent bona,
id. Poen. 1, 1, 80; cf. id. ib. 3, 3, 54; 3, 3, 74; id. Mil. 3, 1, 120; id. Men. 3, 3, 34; id. Pers. 4, 3, 23; id. Truc. 1, 2, 23; id. Merc. 1, 2, 40; id. Most. 1, 1, 47:omnia Bona dicere,
to speak in the highest terms of one, Ter. And. 1, 1, 70:sed ne vivus quidem bono caret, si eo non indiget,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 36, 88:cum quaecumque bona Peripateticis, eadem Stoicis commoda viderentur,
id. ib. 5, 41, 120:nihil enim boni nosti,
nothing that is good for any thing, id. Phil. 2, 7, 16:mala pro bonis legere dementia est,
Sen. Vit. Beat. 6, 1; Val. Max. 5, 3, ext. 3 fin.; Hor. S. 1, 2, 73:quia bonum sit valere,
a good thing, Cic. Fin. 4, 23, 62 (cf. III. A. 5. infra):melius: quo quidem haud scio an... quidquam melius sit homini a dis immortalibus datum,
id. Lael. 6, 20:meliora... Aristotelem de istis rebus scripsisse,
id. Or. 1, 10, 43:optimum: difficillimum est formam exponere optimi,
id. ib. 11, 36.— Here belongs the phrase boni consulere;v. consulo.—So after prepositions: in bonum vertere, v. under verto: in melius ire,
to change for the better, Tac. A. 12, 68.—In the same sense: in melius aliquid referre, or reflectere ( poet.), Verg. A. 1, 281; 11, 426; 10, 632:ad melius transcurrere,
to pass over to something better, Hor. S. 2, 2, 82.—Bonum or bona, prosperity:4.fortiter malum qui patitur, idem post patitur bonum,
Plaut. As. 2, 2, 58:nulli est homini perpetuum bonum,
id. Curc. 1, 3, 33:unā tecum bona, mala tolerabimus,
Ter. Phorm. 3, 3, 23:quibus in bonis fuerint et nunc quibus in malis sint, ostenditur ( = in secundis, in adversis rebus),
Cic. Inv. 1, 55, 107.—Good qualities, gifts:5.omnia adsunt bona, quem penes'st virtus,
Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 30:magnis illi et divinis bonis hanc licentiam adsequebantur,
Cic. Off. 1, 41, 148:nisi qui se suā gravitate et castimoniā... tum etiam naturali quodam bono defenderet, etc.,
id. Cael. 5, 11:hunc meā sententiā divinis quibusdam bonis instructum atque ornatum puto,
id. ib. 17, 39:non intellego quod bonum cuiquam sit apud tales viros profuturum,
id. Balb. 28, 63:gaude isto tuo tam excellenti bono,
id. Marcell. 6, 19; so id. Imp. Pomp. 16, 49.—Advantage, benefit:6.si plus adipiscare, re explicatā, boni, quam addubitatā mali,
Cic. Off. 1, 24, 83:saepe cogitavi bonine an mali plus adtulerit... eloquentiae studium,
id. Inv. 1, 1, 1; 2, 35, 106; id. Off. 2, 2, 5; id. Sest. 10, 24:maximum bonum in celeritate ponebat,
Sall. C. 43, 4; so, bono publico (abl.), for the public good:hoc ita si fit, publico fiat bono,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 183; Liv. 2, 44, 3; Dig. 41, 3, 1.—With aequum, what is fair and good, the fair ( thing), fairness, equity:7. a.si bonum aequomque oras,
Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 149; so id. Pers. 3, 1, 71; id. Rud. 1, 2, 94; id. Men. 4, 2, 11:si tu aliquam partem aequi bonique dixeris,
Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 32; id. Heaut. 4, 1, 29; id. Ad. 1, 1, 39:a quo vivo nec praesens nec absens quidquam aequi bonique impetravit,
Cic. Phil. 2, 37, 94.—Hence, aequo et bono, or ex aequo et bono, in ( with) fairness, in equity, Ter. Ad. 5, 9, 30; Auct. Her. 2, 10, 14; 2, 12, 18; 2, 13, 20; Gai. Inst. 3, 137: aequi bonique, as gen. of value, with facere:istuc, Chreme, Aequi bonique facio,
I place a fair and proper value on it, Ter. Heaut. 4, 5, 40.—In gen.:b.paterna oportet reddi filio bona,
Plaut. Poen. 5, 2, 120:bona sua med habiturum omnia,
id. Truc. 2, 4, 49; cf. id. ib. 2, 7, 6; 4, 2, 29; id. Rud. 2, 6, 22; id. Most. 1, 3, 77; id. Trin. 4, 4, 3; Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 4:bona mea diripiebantur atque ad consulem deferebantur,
Cic. Sest. 24, 54:cum de capite, civis et de bonis proscriptio ferretur,
id. ib. 30, 65:bona, fortunas, possessiones omnium,
id. Caecin. 13, 38:at mulctantur bonis exsules,
id. Tusc. 5, 37, 106; id. Off. 2, 23, 81; id. Par. 1, 1, 7; id. Sest. 19, 42; 43, 94; 52, 111; id. Phil. 2, 26, 64; Caes. B. G. 7, 3; Liv. 2, 3, 5; 2, 5, 5; 4, 15, 8; Tac. A. 2, 48; Quint. 6, 1, 19 et saep.—Bonorum possessio, the possession of one ' s property by another.(α).Bonorum possessio in consequence of bonorum cessio, i. e. an assignment of one ' s property for the benefit of creditors, Dig. 42, tit. 3.—(β).Bonorum possessio granted by the prætor against a contumacious or insolvent debtor (in bona mittere, in bona ire jubere, bona possidere jubere, etc.); cf. Dig. 42, tit. 4:(γ).postulat a Burrieno Naevius ut ex edicto bona possidere liceat,
Cic. Quint. 6, 25, and the whole of c. 8:edixit... neu quis militis... bona possideret aut venderet,
Liv. 2, 24, 6:bona proscribere,
to offer the property thus transferred for sale, Cic. Quint. 6, 25.—Chiefly referring to the property of a defunct person (hereditas), where the prætor, till the heir had proved his right, granted a bonorum possessio secundum tabulas or contra tabulas, Dig. 37, tit. 4; 37, tit. 11.—c.In bonis esse;III.with reference to the older civil law, which distinguished between civil property (habere rem ex jure Quiritium) and natural property (rem in bonis habere, res in bonis est),
Gai. Inst. 2, 40, 41; Dig. 40, 12, 38, § 2; 37, 6, 2, § 1; 37, 6, 3, § 2; ib. Fragm. 1, 16; Gai. Inst. 1, 22; 1, 35; 1, 222; 1, 167; Dig. 1, 8, 1; 27, 10, 10:neque bonorum possessorum, neque... res pleno jure fiunt, sed in bonis efficiuntur,
ib. Fragm. 3, 80.—Hence, nullam omnino arbitrabamur de eā hereditate controversiam eum habiturum, et est hodie in bonis, i. e. [p. 247] the bonorum possessio has been granted to him, which did not give full ownership, but effected only that the hereditas was in bonis. Cic. Fam. 13, 30, 1.Predicative use.A.With nouns or pronouns as subjects.1.Bonum esse, to be morally good, honest:2.nunc mihi bonae necessum est esse ingratiis, Quamquam esse nolo,
Plaut. Cist. 2, 3, 82:bonam ego quam beatam me esse nimio dici mavolo,
id. Poen. 1, 2, 93; so id. Capt. 2, 1, 44; id. Men. 4, 2, 6; id. Rud. prol. 29:itaque viros fortes magnanimos eosdem, bonos et simplices... esse volumus,
Cic. Off. 1, 19, 63; cf. id. ib. 3, 21, 84; id. Att. 15, 6, 1:Cato esse quam videri bonus malebat,
Sall. C. 54, 5:ut politiora, non ut meliora fiant ingenia,
Val. Max. 5, 4, ext. 5 fin. —To be beneficial, prosperous, advantageous, valuable, favorable, serviceable, correct, with reference to both persons and things as subjects, and in regard to physical and mental relations:3.jam istuc non bonumst,
Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 29; Cato, R. R. 157:oleum viridius et melius fiet,
id. ib. 3:vinum ut alvum bonam faciat,
to correct the bowels, id. ib. 156:quid est homini salute melius?
Plaut. As. 3, 3, 127:non optuma haec sunt, verum meliora quam deterruma,
id. Trin. 2, 3, 1:quid est quod huc possit quod melius sit accedere?
Cic. Fin. 1, 12, 41; 1, 18, 57; id. Tusc. 1, 41, 99:in quo (vestitu), sicut in plerisque rebus, mediocritas optima est,
id. Off. 1, 36, 130; 2, 17, 59; id. Inv. 1, 31, 51; id. Or. 2, 6; 11, 36:meliorem tamen militem... in futura proelia id certamen fecit,
Liv. 2, 51, 3:parvus ut est cygni melior canor, ille gruum quam Clamor,
Lucr. 4, 181; 4, 191:si meliora dies, ut vina, poemata reddit,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 34.—So in the optative formula:quod bonum, faustum, felixque sit,
Liv. 1, 28, 7; 1, 17, 10; 39, 15, 1; 3, 54;3, 34.—Also, quod bonum atque fortunatum mihi sit,
Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 50;and with a noun as subject: ut nobis haec habitatio Bona, fausta, felix, fortunataque evenat,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 3.—To be kind:4.bonus cum probis'st (erus), malus cum malis,
Plaut. Most. 4, 1, 22:hic si vellet bonus ac benignus Esse,
Hor. S. 1, 2, 52.—With reference to the gods:B.ecastor ambae (Fortuna et Salus sunt bonae,
Plaut. As. 3, 3, 129:Palladis aut oculos ausa negare bonos (esse),
Prop. 3, 24, 12 (2, 28, 12).—Impers.1.Bonum est (very rare for the class. bene est; v. bene).(α). (β).With subject inf.:2.nam et stulte facere, et stulte fabularier in aetate haud bonum est,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 61:bonum est pauxillum amare, insane non bonum est,
id. Curc. 1, 3,20.—Melius est.(α).With subject inf.:(β).melius sanam est mentem sumere,
Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 51:nihil sentire est melius quam tam prava sentire,
Cic. Ac. 2, 40, 125; cf. id. Fin. 1, 19, 62; id. Off. 1, 43, 156; so,melius fuit, fuisset, or fuerat,
it would have been better, id. N. D. 3, 33; id. Sen. 23, 82; id. Off. 3, 25, 94:proinde quiesse erit melius,
Liv. 3, 48, 3; 3, 41, 3; Verg. A. 11, 303.—With subject inf.-clause:(γ).meliu'st te quae sunt mandata tibi praevortier,
Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 125; id. Men. 5, 9, 32.—With ut-clause:(δ).quid melius quam ut hinc intro abeam et me suspendam clanculum,
Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 145; so id. Ps. 4, 7, 18.—With subjectclause in the subjunctive:3.nunc quid mihi meliu'st quam ilico hic opperiar erum,
Plaut. Rud. 2, 2, 22.—Optimum est.(α).With subject inf.:(β).optimum visum est, captivos quam primum deportare,
Liv. 23, 34, 8:si quis dicit optimum esse navigare,
Sen. Ot. Sap. 8, 4 (32 fin.); so, optimum fuit, it would have been better, and optimum erat, it would be better, Quint. 6, prooem. 3; 11, 2, 33; Hor. S. 2, 1, 7.—With inf.-clause:(γ).constituerunt optimum esse, domum suam quemque reverti,
Caes. B. G. 2, 10: optimum visum est, in fluctuantem aciem tradi equos, etc., Liv 6, 24, 10; 22, 27, 6.—With ut and subj:(δ).hoc vero optimum, ut is qui, etc., id ultimum bonorum, id ipsum quid et quale sit nesciat,
Cic. Fin. 2, 3, 6.—With quod:(ε).illa vero optima (sunt) quod cum Haluntium venisset Archagathum vocari jussit,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 23, § 51:optimum vero (est) quod dictaturae nomen in perpetuum de re publica sustulisti,
id. Phil. 2, 36, 91.—With second sup., in the phrase optumum factu est (where factu is redundant):IV.sed hoc mihi optumum factu arbitror,
Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 16:optimum factu esse duxerant frumento... nostros prohibere,
Caes. B. G. 4, 30:optumum factu credens exercitum augere,
Sall. C. 32, 1 (Kritz, factum); 57, 5 (Kritz, factum).Ellipt. use: di meliora, i. e. dent or velint, i. e. let the gods grant better things than what you say, etc.; God forbid! in full:V.di melius duint,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 9, 16:di meliora velint!
Ov. M. 7, 37.—Ellipt.:di meliora! inquit,
Cic. Sen. 14, 47:id ubi mulier audivit, perturbata, dii meliora inquit, etc.,
Liv. 39, 10, 2; 9, 9, 6; Verg. G. 3, 513;similarly, di melius, i. e. fecerunt,
Val. Max. 6, 1, ext. 3.With object expressed,1.By dat.(α).= good, useful, beneficial for:(β).ambula, id lieni optumum est,
Plaut. Curc. 2, 1, 25:quia vobis eadem quae mihi bona malaque esse intellexi,
Sall. C. 20, 3:bona bello Cornus, jaculis, etc.,
Verg. G. 2, 447.—= benignus or propitius, kind to:(γ).vicinis bonus esto,
Cato, R. R. 4:bene merenti mala es, male merenti bona es,
Plaut. As. 1, 2, 3:vos o mihi Manes, Este boni,
Verg. A. 12, 647.—= idoneus, fit for, adapted to:(δ).qui locus vino optimus dicetur esse,
Cato, R. R. 6:tum erit ei rei optumum tempus,
id. ib. 26:terra cui putre solum, Optima frumentis,
Verg. G. 2, 205; 2, 319; 1, 286.—With sum and dat., in the phrase alicui bono est, it is of service to one, profits him:(ε).accusant in quibus occidi patrem Sex. Roscii bono fuit,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 5, 13:bono fuisse Romanis adventum eorum constabat,
Liv. 7, 12, 4.—Hence, with rel. dat.: cui bono (est), for whose advantage it is:quod si quis usurpet illud Cassianum cui bono fuerit, etc.,
Cic. Phil. 2, 14, 35:cui bono fuisset,
id. Rosc. Am. 30, 84; id. Mil. 12, 32 Ascon. ad loc.; cf.ellipt. form cui bono?
Prisc. p. 1208 P.—With dat. gerund:2.ager oleto conserundo qui in Favonium spectavit, aliis bonus nullus erit,
Cato, R. R. 6; Varr. R. R. 1, 24:(mons) quia pecori bonus alendo erat,
Liv. 29, 31; 9, 10.—By ad and acc.:refert et ad quam rem bona aut non bona sit,
Varr. R. R. 1, 91:occasio quaeritur idoneane fuerit ad rem adoriendam, an alia melior,
Auct. Her. 2, 4, 7:non campos modo militi Romano ad proelium bonos, etc.,
Tac. A. 2, 14. -
10 planus
1.plānus, a, um, adj. [for placnus; root plac-; Gr. plakous; cf. 2. plaga, planca], even, level, flat, plane (class.; cf. aequor).I.Lit.:B.facilis et plana via,
Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 19: cum duae formae praestantes sint, ex solidis globus, ex planis circulus aut orbis, Cic. N. D. 2, 18, 47:planum et aequabile corpus universitatis,
id. Univ. 5:planus et aequus locus,
id. Caecin. 17, 50:litus,
Caes. B. G. 4, 23:carina,
id. ib. 3, 13:pisces,
flat-fish, Plin. 9, 20, 37, § 73:aedificia, quae plano pede instituuntur,
on level ground, Vitr. 6, 11:postquam jacuit planum mare,
Juv. 12, 62:planā faciem contundere palmā,
flat, id. 13, 128.— Comp.:aditus planior,
Liv. 34, 29.— Sup.:planissimus locus,
Cic. Agr. 2, 35, 96. —Subst.: plānum, i, n., level ground, a plain:II.aciem in planum deducit,
Sall. J. 49, 6:per planum ire,
Ov. A. A. 2, 243:cadere in plano,
id. Tr. 3, 4, 17:in planum deferre aliquid,
Sen. Tranq. 10, 6:castra in plano erant,
Flor. 4, 12, 59:de plano,
on level ground, Dig. 13, 6, 5; Aus. Grat. Act. 21:ad planiora,
Vulg. Judic. 1, 34.—In partic., jurid. t. t.: e plano or de plano, on level ground, below, not on the bench, i. e. out of court, extrajudicially:aut e plano aut e quaesitoris tribunali,
Suet. Tib. 33:custodiae non solum pro tribunali, sed et de plano audiri possunt,
Dig. 48, 18, 18; ib. 37, 1, 3.—Trop.A.Lowly, inconsiderable, humble (post-Aug.):B.haec magnanimitas melius in tribunali, quam in plano conspicitur,
shows better in one of high than of low station, Sen. Clem. 1, 5, 3:fortunam suam in planum deferre,
id. Tranq. 10, 6: de plano, without difficulty, easily ( poet.):hoc tibi de plano possum promittere,
Lucr. 1, 411.—Plain, clear, distinct, intelligible (class.):C.satin' haec sunt tibi plana et certa!
Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 1:narrationes,
Cic. Top. 26, 97:conjectatio,
Plin. 2, 7, 5, § 22:pol planum id quidem est,
it is plain, clear, evident, Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 32: planum facere, to make plain, clear, or intelligible, to set forth, Cic. Verr. 1, 18, 56; 2, 1, 10, § 27; 2, 1, 20, § 52;2, 5, 64, § 165: planum facere multis testibus,
id. ib. 1, 14, 40:planum facere atque probare,
Lucr. 2, 932.—Easy, free from danger:1.illam viam vitae, quam ante praecipitem et lubricam esse ducebat, huic planae et stabili praeponendam esse,
Cic. Flac. 42, 105.—Hence, adv.: plānē, plainly, evenly; trop., simply, clearly, distinctly, intelligibly.Lit. (class.):B.videre,
Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 64:scribere,
id. As. 4, 1, 10:scire,
id. Truc. 2, 6, 9:plane loqui,
Plaut. Am. 2, 1, 30:plane et dilucide loqui,
Cic. de Or. 1, 32:plane et perspicue expedire aliquid,
id. Fin. 3, 5, 19:plane et Latine loqui,
to speak plainly, right out, without circumlocution, id. Phil. 7, 6, 17.— Comp.:quo pacto excludi potis est planius, quam, etc.,
Plaut. Truc. 2, 8, 5:planius dicere (opp. dicere obscurius),
Cic. de Or. 2, 80, 329:planius atque apertius dicere,
id. Rosc. Com. 14, 43:quid, hoc planius egissem, si, etc.,
id. Verr. 2, 1, 10, § 27:ostendere,
Plin. 18, 28, 68, § 273.— Sup.:apertissime planissimeque explicare,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 64, § 156.—Transf., wholly, entirely, completely, quite (class.), Plaut. Ep. 3, 4, 55:2. 3.perdidisti mulierem,
id. Ps. 4, 7, 115:illam plane amo,
id. Capt. 3, 4, 6:carere sensu communi,
Hor. S. 1, 3, 66:quod reliquos coheredes convenisti, plane bene,
you have acted quite right, Cic. Att. 13, 6, 2:illud plane moleste tuli, quod, etc.,
id. Fam. 3, 10, 11:non plane par,
Auct. Her. 4, 20, 28:ex rebus penitus perspectis, planeque cognitis,
Cic. de Or. 1, 23, 108:propemodum, vel plane potius,
id. Brut. 97, 332:explicari mihi tuum consilium plane volo, ut penitus intellegam,
thoroughly, id. Att. 8, 12, 1:planissime perii,
Plaut. Truc. 2, 6, 67:plane perfecteque eruditus,
Cic. Brut. 81, 282:plane atque omnino rem defuisse,
id. ib. 59, 214:plane cum,
particularly as, Inscr. Grut. 208; cf.:et plane quid rectum esset diutius cogitare malui,
Cic. Att. 8, 12, 3.—In partic., in affirmative answers, certainly, to be sure, exactly so (anteclass.): ego et domi privatus sum et perii. Ge. Plane istuc est, Plaut. Truc. 2, 7, 57; id. Ps. 4, 7, 73: De. Etiam argentum est ultro objectum, ut sit, qui vivat, dum aliud aliquid flagitii conficiat Ge. Planissume, Ter. Phorm. 5, 2, 4.—4. 2. -
11 induco
indūco, ĕre, dūxi, ductum - tr. - - induce (= induc) Varr. R. R. 3, 2, 18. - induxti (= induxisti), Ter. And. 5, 3, 12. - induxis (= induxeris), Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 46. [st1]1 [-] conduire dans, conduire contre, mener à, mener dans, conduire vers, introduire, faire entrer, faire avancer. - avec in + acc. - cohortem praetoriam in medios hostis inducit, Sall. C.: il lance sur le centre des ennemis la cohorte prétorienne. - equites ab utroque cornu in pugnam induxit, Liv. 34: il conduisit au combat les cavaliers à chaque aile. - principes triariosque in cornua inducit, Liv. 30: il conduit aux ailes les soldats de deuxième et troisième ligne. - inductum in republicam ut... Aur.-Vict.: l'usage s'est introduit dans l'Etat que... - avec acc. - exercitum Aegyptum inducere, Liv.: faire entrer une armée en Egypte. - avec dat. - fossā mare veteri urbi inducere, Suet. Ner. 16: faire entrer la mer par un canal dans la vieille ville. [st1]2 [-] appliquer sur, mettre sur; mettre (un vêtement), recouvrir, revêtir; étendre, enduire. - inducere vestem, Suet.: passer un habit. - galeam inducere, Caes.: mettre un casque. - inducere calceum: mettre un soulier. - avec acc. de rel. - tunicā inducitur artus, Virg. En. 8: il se couvre d'une tunique (*il est couvert quant à ses membres d'une tunique). - inducere humeros albenti amictu, Stat. S. 5: se couvrir les épaules d'un vêtement blanc. [st1]3 [-] introduire (dans la conversation, dans un écrit), faire figurer, faire paraître, exhiber, présenter (au cirque, au théâtre), représenter (une pièce). - hinc ille Gyges inducitur a Platone, Cic.: c'est à ce sujet que Platon a parlé du fameux Gygès (*c'est de là que le fameux Gygès est présenté par Platon). - gladiatorum par inducere: présenter un couple de gladiateurs. - inducere matrem familias precari Apollinem, Porphyr.: représenter une mère de famille implorant Apollon. - inducere rationem, Cic.: mettre sous les yeux un système. - inducere causam, Cic.: alléguer un prétexte. - inducere Afranii togatam, Suet.: faire représenter une comédie d'Afranius. - gladiatores inducere, Cic.: faire paraître sur la scène des gladiateurs. [st1]4 [-] effacer, biffer, rayer; supprimer, abroger, abolir ( → étendre de la cire pour effacer); niveler, aplanir. - senatus consultum inducere, Cic. Att. 1, 20, 4: casser un décret du sénat. - nomina inducere, Cic.: effacer des noms. - solum inducere, Plin.: niveler le sol. [st1]5 [-] porter en compte, inscrire, adjuger (un bien). - pecuniam in rationem (in rationibus) inducere: porter en compte une somme d'argent. - agrum alicui pecunia ingenti inducere: faire payer à qqn une grosse somme pour un champ. [st1]6 [-] entraîner à, conduire à, amener à, déterminer à. - discordiam in civitatem inducere: amener la discorde dans la cité. - in spem aliquem inducere: amener qqn à espérer. - inducere aliquem ut mentiatur, Cic.: entraîner qqn à mentir. - inducere ad bellum: décider à la guerre. - promissis aliquem inducere: déterminer qqn par des promesses. - inducere in animum ut (inducere animum ut): se mettre en tête de, se résoudre à, se résigner à. - inducere in animum (inducere animum) + prop inf.: se mettre en tête de, se résoudre à, se résigner à. - non posse inducere in animum quin (quominus) + subj.: ne pas pouvoir se résoudre à. - non sustinui inducere in animum, quominus illi indicarem, Plin. Ep. 9: je n'ai pas pu me résigner à m'empêcher de lui indiquer... - inducere animum in aliquid (ad aliquid): incliner à telle ou telle chose. [st1]7 [-] "mettre dedans", induire en erreur, séduire, tromper, duper, abuser. - inducere aliquem in errorem: induire qqn en erreur.* * *indūco, ĕre, dūxi, ductum - tr. - - induce (= induc) Varr. R. R. 3, 2, 18. - induxti (= induxisti), Ter. And. 5, 3, 12. - induxis (= induxeris), Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 46. [st1]1 [-] conduire dans, conduire contre, mener à, mener dans, conduire vers, introduire, faire entrer, faire avancer. - avec in + acc. - cohortem praetoriam in medios hostis inducit, Sall. C.: il lance sur le centre des ennemis la cohorte prétorienne. - equites ab utroque cornu in pugnam induxit, Liv. 34: il conduisit au combat les cavaliers à chaque aile. - principes triariosque in cornua inducit, Liv. 30: il conduit aux ailes les soldats de deuxième et troisième ligne. - inductum in republicam ut... Aur.-Vict.: l'usage s'est introduit dans l'Etat que... - avec acc. - exercitum Aegyptum inducere, Liv.: faire entrer une armée en Egypte. - avec dat. - fossā mare veteri urbi inducere, Suet. Ner. 16: faire entrer la mer par un canal dans la vieille ville. [st1]2 [-] appliquer sur, mettre sur; mettre (un vêtement), recouvrir, revêtir; étendre, enduire. - inducere vestem, Suet.: passer un habit. - galeam inducere, Caes.: mettre un casque. - inducere calceum: mettre un soulier. - avec acc. de rel. - tunicā inducitur artus, Virg. En. 8: il se couvre d'une tunique (*il est couvert quant à ses membres d'une tunique). - inducere humeros albenti amictu, Stat. S. 5: se couvrir les épaules d'un vêtement blanc. [st1]3 [-] introduire (dans la conversation, dans un écrit), faire figurer, faire paraître, exhiber, présenter (au cirque, au théâtre), représenter (une pièce). - hinc ille Gyges inducitur a Platone, Cic.: c'est à ce sujet que Platon a parlé du fameux Gygès (*c'est de là que le fameux Gygès est présenté par Platon). - gladiatorum par inducere: présenter un couple de gladiateurs. - inducere matrem familias precari Apollinem, Porphyr.: représenter une mère de famille implorant Apollon. - inducere rationem, Cic.: mettre sous les yeux un système. - inducere causam, Cic.: alléguer un prétexte. - inducere Afranii togatam, Suet.: faire représenter une comédie d'Afranius. - gladiatores inducere, Cic.: faire paraître sur la scène des gladiateurs. [st1]4 [-] effacer, biffer, rayer; supprimer, abroger, abolir ( → étendre de la cire pour effacer); niveler, aplanir. - senatus consultum inducere, Cic. Att. 1, 20, 4: casser un décret du sénat. - nomina inducere, Cic.: effacer des noms. - solum inducere, Plin.: niveler le sol. [st1]5 [-] porter en compte, inscrire, adjuger (un bien). - pecuniam in rationem (in rationibus) inducere: porter en compte une somme d'argent. - agrum alicui pecunia ingenti inducere: faire payer à qqn une grosse somme pour un champ. [st1]6 [-] entraîner à, conduire à, amener à, déterminer à. - discordiam in civitatem inducere: amener la discorde dans la cité. - in spem aliquem inducere: amener qqn à espérer. - inducere aliquem ut mentiatur, Cic.: entraîner qqn à mentir. - inducere ad bellum: décider à la guerre. - promissis aliquem inducere: déterminer qqn par des promesses. - inducere in animum ut (inducere animum ut): se mettre en tête de, se résoudre à, se résigner à. - inducere in animum (inducere animum) + prop inf.: se mettre en tête de, se résoudre à, se résigner à. - non posse inducere in animum quin (quominus) + subj.: ne pas pouvoir se résoudre à. - non sustinui inducere in animum, quominus illi indicarem, Plin. Ep. 9: je n'ai pas pu me résigner à m'empêcher de lui indiquer... - inducere animum in aliquid (ad aliquid): incliner à telle ou telle chose. [st1]7 [-] "mettre dedans", induire en erreur, séduire, tromper, duper, abuser. - inducere aliquem in errorem: induire qqn en erreur.* * *Induco, inducis, induxi, pen. prod. inductum, inducere. Plaut. Mettre dedens, Faire entrer.\Inducere exercitum in hostes. Liu. Poulser dedens.\Inducere se in captiones. Cicero. S'enveloper et entouiller en tromperies.\In errorem. Cic. Tromper et abuser, Faire errer.\Aliquem in memoriam rei alicuius. Plaut. Luy ramentevoir quelque chose, Luy reduire en memoire.\In rationem pecuniam aliquam. Cic. Employer et escrire parmi ses comptes, Mettre en ses comptes.\Regem in regnum. Plin. iunior. Mettre en son royaume.\In spem. Cic. Mettre en espoir.\Inducor in spem, vos eosdem in hoc conseruando futuros, qui fueritis in me. Cic. J'espere que, etc.\In viam. Varro. Mettre au chemin.\Inducere aliquid. Cic. Introduire, Mettre en avant quelque chose de nouveau.\Ambitionem in curiam inducere. Cic. Introduire, Amener.\Morem. Plin. iunior. Introduire une coustume, Amener une coustume nouvelle.\Seditionem in ciuitatem. Cic. Faire sedition, ou esmouvoir.\Inducere nomen fictae religionis. Cic. Mettre en avant.\Inducere causam, vel (vt Plin. iunior dicit) cognitionem. Appeler la cause, Donner audience, Mettre sur le bureau. Bud.\Inducere aliquem loquentem, quod et Introducere dicitur. Cic. Introduire quelque personnage parlant parmi un dialogue.\Inducere scuta pellibus. Caesar. Couvrir et garnir par dessus.\Inducere parietes marmore. Seneca. Couvrir, Enduire, Revestir, Encrouster.\Inducere colorem alicui picturae. Plin. Asseoir une couleur sur une peincture, Enduire, Mettre par dessus.\Inducere exordium. Cic. Faire le commencement.\Formam aliquam inducere membris. Ouid. Donner forme et facon, Former, Faconner.\Inducere cuti nitorem. Plin. Faire reluire la peau.\Senectus inducit rugas. Tibullus. Ameine les rides, Fait venir les rides.\Inducere aliquem. Plaut. L'induire à faire quelque chose, Luy mettre en la teste de le faire, Luy persuader.\Inducebar orationibus tuis. Cic. J'estoye esmeu.\Adolescentulus corruptus et nequam ab hominibus inductus. Cic. Induict.\Inducere animum. Plaut. Mettre en sa fantasie, Se persuader.\- sic animum induco meum, Malo coactus qui suum officium facit, etc. Terent. Je meine mon esprit à ceste raison.\Inducere animum ad meretricem. Teren. Mettre son coeur et son amour en une paillarde.\Inducere in animum. Terent. Mettre en sa fantasie, Se persuader.\Nunquam te aliter, atque es, in animum induxi meum. Terent. Jamais je n'eu fantasie que tu fusses autre que tu es.\Inducere ad misericordiam. Cic. Induire et esmouvoir à misericorde.\Inducere. Cic. Rayer, Tirer un traict de plume sur une escripture, et la casser, Abolir, Mettre à neant, Annuller, Canceller.\Hic ager quoquo pretio coemptus erit, tamen ingenti pecunia vobis inducetur. Cic. Toutesfois il vous sera compté bien cher, Ils mettront sur leur compte avoir acheté bien cher, ce qu'ils auront acheté à grand marché.\Inducere nouercam filiae. Plin. iun. Luy bailler une maratre.\Inducere calceum alicui. Plin. Le chausser.\Inducere aliquem. Cic. Tromper, Seduire.\Inductum solum. Plin. Uni, Applani.\Inductum, et quasi deuium loqui. Plin. iunior. Emprunté, Prins d'ailleurs.\Inducere fructum dicuntur arbores. Columel. Produire, Jecter, Mettre hors.\Tectorium vetus deletum sit, et nouum inductum. Ci. Mis en la place de cestuy.\Inductus argumentis. Plin. Mené et induict, Persuadé. -
12 purum
pūrus, a, um, adj. [Sanscr. root pū, purificare, lustrare; cf.: pŭtus, pŭto; whence also poinê; Lat. poena], clean, pure, i. e. free from any foreign, esp. from any contaminating admixture (syn.: illimis, liquidus).I.Lit.1.Clean, free from dirt or filth, pure, unstained, undefiled:2.purae aedes,
Plaut. Truc. 2, 7, 6:et manibus puris sumite fontis aquam,
Tib. 2, 1, 14; Hor. Epod. 17, 49; id. S. 1, 4, 68:vestis,
Verg. A. 12, 169:ut quicquid inde haurias, purum liquidumque te haurire sentias,
Cic. Caecin. 27, 78:amnis,
Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 120:aqua,
id. C. 3, 16, 29; cf. id. Ep. 1, 10, 20:fons,
Prop. 3 (4), 1, 3:lympha,
Sil. 7, 170:amphorae,
Hor. Epod. 2, 15:fictilia,
Tib. 1, 1, 30:torus,
id. 1, 3, 26:purissima mella,
Verg. G. 4, 163:aëre purior ignis,
Ov. M. 15, 243:hasta,
unstained with blood, Stat. Th. 11, 450.—In gen., free or clear from any admixture or obstruction: terra, cleared (from stones, bushes, etc.), Cic. Sen. 17, 59:B.sol,
clear, bright, Hor. C. 3, 29, 45:orbis,
Ov. M. 4, 348:caelum,
Tib. 4, 1, 10:luna,
Hor. C. 2, 5, 19:vesper,
id. ib. 3, 19, 26:dies,
Claud. Rapt. Pros. 2, 2:aurum,
refined, without dross, Plin. 33, 4, 25, § 84; 33, 6, 32, § 99:argentum,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 23, § 52:gemma,
Ov. M. 2, 856.— Absol.: pū-rum, i, n., a clear, bright, unclouded sky, Verg. G. 2, 364; Hor. C. 1, 34, 7.—Transf.1.In gen., plain, natural, naked, unadorned, unwrought, unmixed, unadulterated, unsophisticated: argentum, plain, i. e. unornamented, without figures chased upon it, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 22, § 49; 2, 4, 23, § 52; Plin. Ep. 3, 1, 9; Juv. 9, 141; cf.:2.coronarum aliae sunt purae, aliae caelatae,
Vitr. 7, 3; and:utrum lanx pura an caelata sit,
Dig. 6, 1, 6:vasa,
not pitched, Col. 12, 4, 4:locus,
not built upon, vacant, Varr. L. L. 5, § 38 Müll.; Liv. 24, 14; Dig. 13, 7, 43:humus,
Cic. Sen. 15, 59:solum,
Liv. 1, 44 fin.:ager,
Ov. F. 3, 582:campus,
Verg. A. 12, 771:purus ab arboribus campus,
Ov. M. 3, 709:hasta,
without an iron head, Prop. 4 (5), 3, 68:toga,
without purple stripes, Phaedr. 3, 10, 10:esse utramque sibi per se puramque necesse'st,
unmixed, Lucr. 1, 506.—Cleansing, purifying:II.idem ter socios pura circumtulit undā,
Verg. A. 6, 229:sulfur,
Tib. 1, 5, 11.—Trop.A.Pure, unspotted, spotless, chaste, undefiled, unpolluted, faultless, etc.:B.animus omni admixtione corporis liberatus, purus et integer,
Cic. Sen. 22, 80:castus animus purusque,
id. Div. 1, 53, 121:estne quisquam qui tibi purior esse videatur?
id. Rosc. Com. 6, 18:puriora et dilucidiora,
id. Tusc. 1, 20, 46: vita et pectore puro, Hor.S. 1,6, 64; id. Ep. 1, 2, 67: pectus purum et firmum, stainless, faultless, Enn. ap. Gell. 7, 17 (Trag. v. 340 Vahl.):familia,
that has solemnized the funeral rites, Cic. Leg. 2, 22, 57:gladium purum ab omni caede servare,
Sen. Ep. 24, 7:purae a civili sanguine manus,
id. Suas. 6, 2:purus sum a peccato,
Vulg. Prov. 20, 9:pectus purum ab omni sceleris contagione,
Lact. 5, 12, 2.—Of freedom from sensual passion:animam puram conservare,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 58, § 134:noctes, opp. spurcae,
Plaut. As. 4, 1, 62; id. Poen. 1, 2, 137; Tib. 1, 3, 26; Mart. 6, 66, 5; 9, 64:corpus,
Plin. Ep. 4, 11, 9.—With gen.:integer vitae scelerisque purus,
Hor. C. 1, 22, 1.—Of purity of style:oratio Catuli sic pura est, ut Latine loqui paene solus videatur,
Cic. de Or. 3, 8, 29; cf.: purum et candidum genus dicendi, id. Or. 16, 53:sermone puro atque dilucido,
Quint. 11, 1, 53:sermo quam purissimus,
id. 4, 2, 118:multo est tersior ac magis purus (Horatius),
id. 10, 1, 94:pura et illustris brevitas,
Cic. Brut. 75, 262:pura et incorrupta consuetudo dicendi,
id. ib. 75, 261:pressus sermo purusque,
Plin. Ep. 7, 9, 8.—In partic., in jurid. lang., unconditional, without exception, absolute; entire, complete:C.judicium purum,
Cic. Inv. 2, 20, 60:pura et directa libertas,
Dig. 40, 4, 59:causa,
ib. 46, 3, 5.—Clear, complete, over and above:D.quid possit ad dominos puri ac reliqui provenire,
clear gain, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 86, § 200.—Relig. t. t., free from religious claims or consecration:E.purus autem locus dicitur, qui neque sacer neque sanctus est neque religiosus, sed ab omnibus huiusmodi nominibus vacare videtur,
Dig. 11, 7, 2, § 4; cf.ib. § 2: quae tandem est domus ab istā suspicione religionis tam vacua atque pura,
Cic. Har. Resp. 6, 11.—Not desecrated, undefiled.1. 2. 3.Free from mourning:A.dies,
Ov. F. 2, 558.— Adv., in two forms, pūrē and (ante-class. and poet.) pūrĭ-ter ( sup. ‡ purime, acc. to Paul. ex Fest. p. 252 Müll.), purely, clearly, without spot or mixture.Lit.(α).Form pure:(β).pure eluere vasa,
Plaut. Aul. 2, 3, 3; cf.: pure lautum=aquā purā lavatum, Paul. ex Fest. p. 248 Müll.:lavare,
Liv. 5, 22.—Form puriter:b.puriter transfundere aquam in alterum dolium,
Cato, R. R. 112:puriter lavit dentes,
Cat. 39, 14.—Comp., brightly, clearly:c.splendens Pario marmore purius,
Hor. C. 1, 19, 5:purius osculari,
Sen. Ben. 2, 12, 2.—Sup.:B. (α).quam mundissime purissimeque fiat,
Cato, R. R. 66.—Form pure:(β).si forte pure velle habere dixerit,
Plaut. As. 4, 1, 61:quiete et pure et eleganter acta aetas,
Cic. Sen. 5, 13:pure et caste deos venerari,
id. N. D. 1, 2, 3; Liv. 27, 37; cf.:radix caste pureque collecta,
Plin. 22, 10, 12, § 27.—Of style:pure et emendate loqui,
Cic. Opt. Gen. 2, 4:pure apparere,
clearly, obviously, Hor. S. 1, 2, 100:quid pure tranquillet,
perfectly, fully, id. Ep. 1, 18, 102.—Form puriter:b.si vitam puriter egi,
Cat. 76, 19.—Sup.:2.Scipio omnium aetatis suae purissime locutus,
Gell. 2, 20, 5:purissime atque illustrissime aliquid describere,
very distinctly, very clearly, id. 9, 13, 4.—In partic., jurid., unconditionally, simply, absolutely:aliquid legare,
Dig. 8, 2, 35:contrahi,
ib. 18, 2, 4; 39, 2, 22 fin.; 26, 2, 11; Gai. Inst. 1, 186. -
13 purus
pūrus, a, um, adj. [Sanscr. root pū, purificare, lustrare; cf.: pŭtus, pŭto; whence also poinê; Lat. poena], clean, pure, i. e. free from any foreign, esp. from any contaminating admixture (syn.: illimis, liquidus).I.Lit.1.Clean, free from dirt or filth, pure, unstained, undefiled:2.purae aedes,
Plaut. Truc. 2, 7, 6:et manibus puris sumite fontis aquam,
Tib. 2, 1, 14; Hor. Epod. 17, 49; id. S. 1, 4, 68:vestis,
Verg. A. 12, 169:ut quicquid inde haurias, purum liquidumque te haurire sentias,
Cic. Caecin. 27, 78:amnis,
Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 120:aqua,
id. C. 3, 16, 29; cf. id. Ep. 1, 10, 20:fons,
Prop. 3 (4), 1, 3:lympha,
Sil. 7, 170:amphorae,
Hor. Epod. 2, 15:fictilia,
Tib. 1, 1, 30:torus,
id. 1, 3, 26:purissima mella,
Verg. G. 4, 163:aëre purior ignis,
Ov. M. 15, 243:hasta,
unstained with blood, Stat. Th. 11, 450.—In gen., free or clear from any admixture or obstruction: terra, cleared (from stones, bushes, etc.), Cic. Sen. 17, 59:B.sol,
clear, bright, Hor. C. 3, 29, 45:orbis,
Ov. M. 4, 348:caelum,
Tib. 4, 1, 10:luna,
Hor. C. 2, 5, 19:vesper,
id. ib. 3, 19, 26:dies,
Claud. Rapt. Pros. 2, 2:aurum,
refined, without dross, Plin. 33, 4, 25, § 84; 33, 6, 32, § 99:argentum,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 23, § 52:gemma,
Ov. M. 2, 856.— Absol.: pū-rum, i, n., a clear, bright, unclouded sky, Verg. G. 2, 364; Hor. C. 1, 34, 7.—Transf.1.In gen., plain, natural, naked, unadorned, unwrought, unmixed, unadulterated, unsophisticated: argentum, plain, i. e. unornamented, without figures chased upon it, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 22, § 49; 2, 4, 23, § 52; Plin. Ep. 3, 1, 9; Juv. 9, 141; cf.:2.coronarum aliae sunt purae, aliae caelatae,
Vitr. 7, 3; and:utrum lanx pura an caelata sit,
Dig. 6, 1, 6:vasa,
not pitched, Col. 12, 4, 4:locus,
not built upon, vacant, Varr. L. L. 5, § 38 Müll.; Liv. 24, 14; Dig. 13, 7, 43:humus,
Cic. Sen. 15, 59:solum,
Liv. 1, 44 fin.:ager,
Ov. F. 3, 582:campus,
Verg. A. 12, 771:purus ab arboribus campus,
Ov. M. 3, 709:hasta,
without an iron head, Prop. 4 (5), 3, 68:toga,
without purple stripes, Phaedr. 3, 10, 10:esse utramque sibi per se puramque necesse'st,
unmixed, Lucr. 1, 506.—Cleansing, purifying:II.idem ter socios pura circumtulit undā,
Verg. A. 6, 229:sulfur,
Tib. 1, 5, 11.—Trop.A.Pure, unspotted, spotless, chaste, undefiled, unpolluted, faultless, etc.:B.animus omni admixtione corporis liberatus, purus et integer,
Cic. Sen. 22, 80:castus animus purusque,
id. Div. 1, 53, 121:estne quisquam qui tibi purior esse videatur?
id. Rosc. Com. 6, 18:puriora et dilucidiora,
id. Tusc. 1, 20, 46: vita et pectore puro, Hor.S. 1,6, 64; id. Ep. 1, 2, 67: pectus purum et firmum, stainless, faultless, Enn. ap. Gell. 7, 17 (Trag. v. 340 Vahl.):familia,
that has solemnized the funeral rites, Cic. Leg. 2, 22, 57:gladium purum ab omni caede servare,
Sen. Ep. 24, 7:purae a civili sanguine manus,
id. Suas. 6, 2:purus sum a peccato,
Vulg. Prov. 20, 9:pectus purum ab omni sceleris contagione,
Lact. 5, 12, 2.—Of freedom from sensual passion:animam puram conservare,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 58, § 134:noctes, opp. spurcae,
Plaut. As. 4, 1, 62; id. Poen. 1, 2, 137; Tib. 1, 3, 26; Mart. 6, 66, 5; 9, 64:corpus,
Plin. Ep. 4, 11, 9.—With gen.:integer vitae scelerisque purus,
Hor. C. 1, 22, 1.—Of purity of style:oratio Catuli sic pura est, ut Latine loqui paene solus videatur,
Cic. de Or. 3, 8, 29; cf.: purum et candidum genus dicendi, id. Or. 16, 53:sermone puro atque dilucido,
Quint. 11, 1, 53:sermo quam purissimus,
id. 4, 2, 118:multo est tersior ac magis purus (Horatius),
id. 10, 1, 94:pura et illustris brevitas,
Cic. Brut. 75, 262:pura et incorrupta consuetudo dicendi,
id. ib. 75, 261:pressus sermo purusque,
Plin. Ep. 7, 9, 8.—In partic., in jurid. lang., unconditional, without exception, absolute; entire, complete:C.judicium purum,
Cic. Inv. 2, 20, 60:pura et directa libertas,
Dig. 40, 4, 59:causa,
ib. 46, 3, 5.—Clear, complete, over and above:D.quid possit ad dominos puri ac reliqui provenire,
clear gain, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 86, § 200.—Relig. t. t., free from religious claims or consecration:E.purus autem locus dicitur, qui neque sacer neque sanctus est neque religiosus, sed ab omnibus huiusmodi nominibus vacare videtur,
Dig. 11, 7, 2, § 4; cf.ib. § 2: quae tandem est domus ab istā suspicione religionis tam vacua atque pura,
Cic. Har. Resp. 6, 11.—Not desecrated, undefiled.1. 2. 3.Free from mourning:A.dies,
Ov. F. 2, 558.— Adv., in two forms, pūrē and (ante-class. and poet.) pūrĭ-ter ( sup. ‡ purime, acc. to Paul. ex Fest. p. 252 Müll.), purely, clearly, without spot or mixture.Lit.(α).Form pure:(β).pure eluere vasa,
Plaut. Aul. 2, 3, 3; cf.: pure lautum=aquā purā lavatum, Paul. ex Fest. p. 248 Müll.:lavare,
Liv. 5, 22.—Form puriter:b.puriter transfundere aquam in alterum dolium,
Cato, R. R. 112:puriter lavit dentes,
Cat. 39, 14.—Comp., brightly, clearly:c.splendens Pario marmore purius,
Hor. C. 1, 19, 5:purius osculari,
Sen. Ben. 2, 12, 2.—Sup.:B. (α).quam mundissime purissimeque fiat,
Cato, R. R. 66.—Form pure:(β).si forte pure velle habere dixerit,
Plaut. As. 4, 1, 61:quiete et pure et eleganter acta aetas,
Cic. Sen. 5, 13:pure et caste deos venerari,
id. N. D. 1, 2, 3; Liv. 27, 37; cf.:radix caste pureque collecta,
Plin. 22, 10, 12, § 27.—Of style:pure et emendate loqui,
Cic. Opt. Gen. 2, 4:pure apparere,
clearly, obviously, Hor. S. 1, 2, 100:quid pure tranquillet,
perfectly, fully, id. Ep. 1, 18, 102.—Form puriter:b.si vitam puriter egi,
Cat. 76, 19.—Sup.:2.Scipio omnium aetatis suae purissime locutus,
Gell. 2, 20, 5:purissime atque illustrissime aliquid describere,
very distinctly, very clearly, id. 9, 13, 4.—In partic., jurid., unconditionally, simply, absolutely:aliquid legare,
Dig. 8, 2, 35:contrahi,
ib. 18, 2, 4; 39, 2, 22 fin.; 26, 2, 11; Gai. Inst. 1, 186. -
14 alienus [1]
1. aliēnus, a, um (alius), Adi. m. Compar. u. Superl., in vielen Bedeutungen dem gr. ἀλλότριος entsprechend (vgl. Passows gr. Wörterb. in v.), einem andern, gehörig, -eigen, fremd (Ggstz. meus, tuus, suus, proprius), I) eig.: 1) im allg.: puer, Ter.: servus, Quint.: coniunx, Hor.: aedes (Plur.), Ter.: domus, Cic.: pecuniae, Cic.: aes alienum, fremdes, entlehntes Geld, Schulden (s. aes no. II, B, 2, a), Cic.: nomina, fremde, von andern gemachte Schulden, Sall.: mos, Ter.: opes, Cic.: pavor, fremde, d.i. der andern Furcht, Liv.: aber metu alieno, aus Furcht vor andern, Ter.: alienis pedibus ambulare, Plin.: edicta alieno formare ingenio, Suet.: cum aliena est oratio, wenn ein anderer das Wort hat, Plaut.: alienis mensibus aestas, in fremden Monaten (d.i. in den Wintermonaten), Verg. – sternitur infelix alieno vulnere, durch die einem andern zugedachte Wunde, Verg. – m. Dat., sacerdotium genti conditoris haud alienum, Liv. 1, 20, 3. – subst., aliēnum, ī, n., a) fremdes Gut od. Eigentum (Ggstz. suum), alieni appetens, sui profusus, Sall.: largiri ex alieno, auf anderer Kosten Freigebigkeit üben, Cic., de alieno, Liv. u. Iustin.: ex alieno praedari, Liv. – b) f remder Grund u. Boden, in alieno aedificium exstruere, Cic.: furor aliena vastandi, Sen.: aliena pervadere molienti, fremdes Gebiet (im Ggstz. zum römischen), Amm. – c) fremde Angelegenheit, qui negat quicquam deos nec alieni curare nec sui? Cic. de div. 2, 104: u. so Plur. = fremde Angelegenheiten, fremde Interessen, aliena curare, Ter. heaut. 76: aliena diiudicare, ibid. 504. – 2) insbes.: a) jmdm. seiner Familie od. seiner Person od. seiner Heimat nach fremd, α) der Familie, Verwandtschaft od. Person nach fremd, fernstehend, jmd. nichts angehend, ihm nicht verwandt, nicht angehörig (Ggstz. meus, tuus, suus u. propinquus, affinis, sanguine coniunctus, amicus, familiaris, familiaris et necessarius), absol., ille si me alienus affinem volet, Ter.: heres alienior, Cic.: homines alienissimi, wildfremde, Cic. Phil. 10, 10. – m. Dat., non alienus sanguine regibus, Liv.: mihi non alienus, Fronto. – m. ab u. Abl., humani nihil a me alienum puto, Ter. heaut. 77: alienissimus a Clodio, Cic. – u. (wie ἀλλότριος) m. Genet. (s. Deder. Dict. 2, 5), non alieni generis sui, Dict.: non alienus Pelei, Dict. – subst., aliēnus, ī, m., der Fremde, cives potiores quam peregrini, propinqui quam alieni, Cic.: in longinquos in propinquos, in alienos in suos irruebat, Cic.: neu malis alienos adiungere, quam sanguine coniunctos retinere, Sall.: etiam alienissimis in capitis periculis amicissimorum officia et studia praestamus, Cic.: se suaque omnia alienissimis crediderunt, wildfremden Leuten, Caes. b.G. 6, 31, 4. – β) der Heimat nach jmdm. fremd, ausländisch, Graeca nomina aut aliena, Plin.: arbor ex alieno petita orbe, Plin.: domi atque in patria mallem, quam in externis atque alienis locis, Cic. – v. Pers. subst., aliēnus, ī, m., der Fremde, der Ausländer, tot linguae, tanta loquendi varietas, ut externus alieno paene non sit hominis vice, Plin.: hic apud me cenant alieni novem, Plaut. – b) dem Körper od. dem Geiste fremd, entfremdet, α) dem Körper, abgestorben quantum eius (ossis) alienum est, Scrib. 201. – β) dem Geiste, verwirrt, verrückt, facient alienos, deliros, Firm. math. 3, 6. – c) der physischen Beschaffenheit nach fremdartig, widrig, fit quoque, ut (nebula) in nostrum cum venit denique caelum, corrumpat reddatque sui simile atque alienum (uns widrig), Lucr.: alienus odor opplet nares, Varr. – neutr. plur. aliena subst., das Fremdartige, der fremdartige Stoff (= das aus der Mischung fremdartiger Bestandteile entstandene Trübe des Weines), Hor. sat. 2, 4, 57. – II) übtr.: a) v. Pers.: α) der Meinung, Ansicht nach einem andern gleichs. angehörig, von einem andern abhängig, nicht selbständig, nicht auf eigenen Füßen stehend (Ggstz. suus), in physicis totus alienus est, Cic. de fin. 1, 17. – β) der Gesinnung, Denkart, Neigung u. Lebensart nach einer Person od. Sache fremd, entfremdet, abgeneigt, nicht befreundet, feindselig, verfeindet, gegen sie ungünstig gestimmt, gleichgültig (Ggstz. amicus, familiaris, coniunctus), voluntates populi, Cic.: homo, Cic.: ex alienissimis sociis amicissimos reddere, Cic.: neque solum illis aliena mens erat, nicht bloß bei jenen herrschte eine feindselige Gesinnung, Sall. – m. ab u. Abl., alienus ab alqo od. ab alqa re animus, Cic.: si est a me alienior, Cic.: homo non alienus a litteris, ein des Schriftwesens nicht unkundiger (im Schriftwesen nicht unbewanderter) Mann (zugleich mit dem Doppelsinn: ein dem Brieftragen nicht fremder M.), Cic.: numquam a poëtice alienus fui, Plin. ep. – m. Dat., alienus alci animus (Ggstz. animus in alqm pronior), Tac.: ambitioni alienus Ggstz. familiaris otio et litteris), Sen.: domus his aliena malis, solcherlei Ränken (Getreibe) abgeneigt, Hor. – m. Genet. (s. die Auslgg. zu Ov. fast. 1, 196), domus non aliena consilii, dem Pl. nicht fremd, dem Pl. befreundet, Sall.: ioci non alienus, kein Feind vom Scherz, Ov. – subst., vel alienissimus rusticae vitae, auch der abgesagteste Feind des Landlebens, Col. 3, 21, 3. – b) v. Lebl. (konkr. u. abstr. Ggstdn.), fremd, fremdartig, dem eigenen Wesen od. der Beschaffenheit, dem Zustande, dem Zwecke, den Verhältnissen nicht entsprechend, widerstrebend, ungewohnt, ungeeignet, ungehörig. unpassend, unangemessen, unzuträglich, nachteilig, mit etw. unvereinbar, α) absol.: malis ridere alienis, mit verstellten Mienen, mephistophelesartig, höhnisch lachen, Hor. sat. 2, 3, 72 (u. dazu Krüger u. Fritzsche): alieno gaudia vultu semper erant, das Weinen war dir näher als das Lachen, Val. Flacc. 8, 164. – hanc rem tractare non alieno loco videor, Quint. – alieno loco (Gelände) proelium committere, Caes. – alienā, alieniore aetate, Plaut. u. Ter.: alieno tempore, zur Unzeit, Cic. u. Liv. (Ggstz. suo tempore, Varr.). – suo alienoque Marte pugnare, nach gewohnter u. ungewohnter Art, Liv. – aliena verba, uneigentliche (Ggstz. propria). Cic.; u. verb. translata et aliena verba, Cic. (vgl. Cic. de or. 3, 157 u. or. 80): cetera ex prosae orationis usu alieniora praetermisimus, Gell. – u. non alienum est m. folg. Infinit., es ist nicht unzweckmäßig, unzuträglich (s. Heusinger Cic. off. 1, 8), sponte vomere non alienum est, Cels.: u. so sed non alienum est (es ist nicht ungehörig, ungeeignet) rationem huius verbi faciendi Zenonis exponere, Cic.: non alienum esse videtur proponere de etc., Caes.: cuius victoriae non alienum videtur quale praemium sit tributum docere, Nep.: non alienum esse arbitror breviter explicare, quae mihi sit ratio etc., Cic. – neutr. plur. subst. = nicht zur Sache Gehöriges, Fremdartiges, Ungehöriges, aliena ac nihil profutura petere, Sall.: aliena dicere (Ggstz. dicere quod causae prosit), Cic.: aliena loqui, Ungehöriges schwatzen, Unsinn reden (v. Wahnsinnigen). Cels. u. Ov. – β) m. ab u. Abl.: navigationis labor alienus non ab aetate solum nostra, verum etiam a dignitate, Cic.: dolor (est) motus asper in corpore alienus a sensibus, dem Gefühle widerstrebend, Cic.: sententia non crudelis, sed aliena a re publica nostra, Sall. – γ) m. bl. Abl.: aut suā personā aut tempore alienum, Cic.: alienum sibi videri dignitate imperii, Cic.: illud autem alterum alienum esse existimatione meā Cibyratas imperio meo publice venari, Cic.: indignum et alienum maiestate populi Romani videtur m. folg. Akk. u. Infin., Val. Max. – δ) m. Dat.: cibi stomacho non alieni (nicht unzuträgliche), Cels.: alienissimo sibi loco, contra opportunissimo hostibus conflixit, Nep.: exemplum temporibus suis accommodatissimum, meis alienissimum rationibus, Cic.: quod maxime huic causae est alienum, Cic. – u. zugl. m. folg. Infin., moveri et ambulare nisi sanis alienum est, Cels.: non putavi alienum esse meis institutis haec ad te scribere, Cic. – ε) m. Genet, (s. die Auslegg. zu Ov. fast. 1, 196), aliarum rerum aliena, unvereinbar mit andern Erscheinungen, beispiellos, Lucr.: omnia quae essent aliena firmae et constantis assensionis a virtute sapientiaque removit, Cic. – u. zugl. m. folg. Infin., quis alienum putet eius esse dignitatis, quam mihi quisque tribuit, quid in omni munere vitae optimum et verissimum sit exquirere, Cic. – ζ) m. ad u. Akk.: nihil mihi turpius apud homines fuisset, neque vero ad istam ipsam ἀσφάλειαν quicquam alienius (zweckwidriger), Cic. ad Att. 2, 19, 4: ad committendum proelium alienum esse tempus arbitratus, Caes. b.G. 4, 34, 2: omnium autem rerum nec aptius est quicquam ad opes tuendas quam diligi, nec alienius quam timeri, Cic. de off. 2, 23.
-
15 confiteor
cōn-fiteor, fessus sum, ērī (con u. fateor), eingestehen, zugestehen, gestehen (Ggstz. infitiari), I) eig.: 1) im allg.: ignosce, orat confitetur purgat, Ter.: hic ego non solum confiteor, sed etiam profiteor, Cic. fr.: tacendo loqui, non infitiando confiteri videbantur, Cic.: reus confitens (der geständige), Cic.: confessae manus, die sich durch ihre bittende Haltung für überwunden erklären, Ov. met. 5, 215. – m. Ang. wem? gegen wen? durch Dat., Nicomacho confessus, Curt. – mit Ang. was? durch Acc., peccatum suum (Ggstz. celare p. s.), Curt.: facinus, Curt.: hoc crimen, novum crimen, Cic.: quid confitetur, atque ita libenter confitetur, ut non solum fateri (zu bekennen), sed etiam profiteri (frei herauszusagen) videatur? Cic.: u. zugleich mit Ang. wem? durch Dat., amorem nutrici, Ov.: amorem patris nutrici, Quint. – od. durch dopp. Acc., se victos, Caes.: se imperitum, Quint.: causam Caesaris meliorem, Quint. – od. durch Acc. u. Infin., multa se ignorare, Cic.: me abs te cupisse laudari aperte atque ingenue confitebar, Cic.: cui debere (me) salutem confiteor, Ov.: vinci se confitentur, sie erklären sich für besiegt, Plin. – u. zugl. mit Ang. in betreff wessen? durch de u. Abl., aliquid de veneno, Cic.: hoc de statuis, Cic.: summam infirmitatem de se, Quint. – u. bl. m. Ang. in betreff wessen? durch de u. Abl., de se, Cic.: de maleficio, Cic.: de patriae parricidio, Cic.: de caede alcis, Tac. – Partic. Perf. confessus, a, um, a) aktiv = der sein Verbrechen, seine Schuld eingestanden hat, geständig, gladiatores c., Cic.: quinque homines comprehensi atque confessi, Cic.: c. in iudicio reus, ICt.: c. reus, Phaedr. u. Ov.: pro confesso haberi, als g. angesehen werden, ICt.: de confessis (civibus), sicut de manifestis (überführten) rerum capitalium more maiorum supplicium sumere, Sall.: nunc ab nobis et confessio culpae exprimitur, et ut a confessis res extemplo repetuntur, Liv. – b) passiv = eingestanden, aes (Schuld) confessum, XII tabb. b. Gell. 15, 13, 11 u. 20, 1, 45: ut omnes intellegant, quam improbam quam manifestam, quam confessam rem pecuniā redimere conetur, Cic. Verr. 3, 130. – später übh. allgemein zugestanden, -eingeräumt, anerkannt, ausgemacht, unzweifelhaft (Ggstz. controversus, controversiosus, dubius; vgl. Burmann Phaedr. 4, 25, 22), quasi confessa nec dubia signa, Col.: c. hostium obsequia, Plin, pan. – u. subst., confessum, ī, n., in den Kasus obliqu., in confessum venire, allgemein zugestanden werden, Plin. ep.: ad liquidum confessumque perducere omnia, Quint.: in confesso esse, unzweifelhaft sein, zB. horum merita in confesso sunt, Sen.: ebenso quod apud me in confesso est m. folg. Acc. u. Infin., Vell., Plin. u. Tac.: ex confesso turpia esse, unzweifelhaft, Sen.: vita cervis in confesso (unzweifelhaft) longa est, Plin.: ab alqo pro confesso et indubitato habitum esse, Lact. – u. im Plur., de confessis disserere, Plin.: adhuc versamur in confessis, Quint.: a confessis transeamus ad dubia, Sen. – 2) insbes. (bei den Eccl.) sich zu jmd. od. etw. bekennen, bes. preisend, lobend, dankend, Christum, Prud. perist. 5, 40: deum summum, Lact. 2, 1, 6: omne euangelium (Ggstz. negare unum euangelium), Tert. de cor. 11. – mit Dat., tibi, domine, Vulg. psalm. 137, 1: nomini tuo, ibid. 141, 8. – II) übtr., durch die Tat kundgeben, offenbaren, zu erkennen (zu verstehen) geben, se, Ov.: deam (sich als G.), Verg.: suam inscientiam, Quint.: vultibus iram, Ov.: motum animi lacrimis, Quint.: admirationem suam non acclamatione tantum, sed etiam plausu, Quint. – m. folg. Acc. u. Infin., sublatis oculis agitatoque corpore vivere se confitetur, Plin. ep.: praeterito tempore varie formari verba ipsa analogia confitetur, Quint. – / Parag. Infin. Praes. confiterier, Plaut, cist. 170. – Akt. Fut. confitebimus, Itala (Psalt. Ver.) psalm. 78, 3.
-
16 declaro
dē-clāro, āvī, ātum, āre = ἀποφαίνω, deutlich an den Tag geben, deutlich kundgeben od. -tun, deutlich offenbaren, I) eig.: a) durch ein Zeichen usw.: praesentiam saepe divi suam declarant; ut et apud Regillum bello Latinorum... in nostra acie Castor et Pollux ex equis pugnare visi sunt, Cic. de nat. deor. 2, 6. – m. Dat. wem? tabellarius ducis nave declaratā suis eodem, unde erat egressus, se recepit, Nep. Hann. 11, 2. – mit Abl. wodurch? nec potest aetas (cervorum) discerni, sed dentibus senecta declaratur, Plin. 8, 116. – b) durch Worte kund und zu wissen tun, öffentlich erklären, öffentlich verkündigen, α) jmd. als einen, bes. als einen Magistrat (einen Konsul usw.) öffentlich erklären (von der die Wahl leitenden Magistratsperson und von den Wählenden selbst); dann aber auch, wie renuntiare, nach der Erklärung durch den Präko als gewählt öffentlich verkünden od. ausrufen lassen, m. dopp. Acc., alqm consulem, Cic.: me unā voce universus populus Romanus consulem declaravit, Cic.: quos populus proximis comitiis ingenti consensu alterum consulem alterum praetorem declaravit, Liv.: victorem magnā praeconis voce Cloanthum declarat, Verg. – im Passiv m. dopp. Nom., eiusdem hominis voce et declaratus consul et defensus, Cic.: consules declarati P. Scipio Nasica, L. Bestia, Sall.: tanto consensu, quanto haud quisquam alius ante, rex est declaratus, Liv.: ex quo die est dux declaratus, Liv. – β) eine Feierlichkeit dem Volke als bevorstehend, Rupae studium non defuit declarandorum munerum tuo nomine, Cic. ep. 2, 3, 1.
II) übtr., deutlich zu erkennen (zu verstehen) geben, deutlich angeben, deutlich zeigen od. anzeigen od. bezeichnen, klar darlegen, motivieren, klar od. deutlich ausdrücken, deutlich offenbaren, a) übh.: α) m. Acc.: hoc saepius dicendum tibique non significandum solum, sed etiam declarandum arbitror, Cic.: ipsa consolatio litterarum tuarum declarat summam benevolentiam, Cic.: non manus solum, sed nutus quoque declarant nostram voluntatem, Quint. – m. Abl. wodurch? Cilicum et Pisidarum gens volatibus avium cantibusque ut certissimis signis declarari res futuras putant, Cic.: declarant gaudia vultu, Catull. – mit in (in, bei) u. Abl., fuit (Iphicrates) bonus civis fideque magnā; quod cum in aliis rebus declaravit, tum maxime in Amyntae Macedonis liberis tuendis, Nep. – mit dopp. Acc., se fortibus factis dignum tantae maiestatis infulis declaravit, Treb. Poll. Gallien. 10, 1. – β) m. folg. Acc. u. Infin.: hominem catum eum esse declaramus, erklären ihn für usw., Plaut.: quae (vox) declarat illum et in solitudine secum loqui solitum, Cic.: quod plurimis locis perorationes nostrae voluisse nos atque animo contendisse declarant, Cic. – γ) mit folg. indir. Fragesatz: quae (consuetudo cotidianae vitae) cuiusque ingenium ut sit declarat maxime, Ter.: totum id, quod quaerimus, quid et quale sit verbi vis ipsa declarat, Cic.: qui declaravit, quanti me faceret, Cic. – m. Abl. wodurch? ut matres familiae eorum (Germanorum) sortibus et vaticinationibus declararent, utrum proelium committi ex usu esset necne, Caes. – δ) absol. (vgl. Garatoni Cic. Mil. 5, 14), res declarat, Cic.: ut ratio declarat eorum, qui etc., Lucr.: declarant huius ambusti tribuni plebis illae intermortuae contiones, Cic. – b) einen Wortbegriff deutlich ausdrücken, -bezeichnen, nullum (verbum) inveniri potest, quod magis idem declaret Latine, quod Graece ἡδονή, quam declarat voluptas, Cic.: ›oportere‹ enim perfectionem declarat officii, quo et semper utendum est et omnibus, Cic.: propter cuius syllabae sonum declarandum nova reperta est littera, Gell.: quae (littera C) inversa mulierem declarat ( nämlich
= Caia), Quint.: verba quam maxime apta, id est, rem declarantia, Cic.: verba idem declarantia, gleichbedeutende W., Synonyma, Cic. – c) durch die Darstellung in ein helles Licht setzen, aufhellen, klar darlegen, cum autem exprimere imaginem consuetudinis atque vitae velimus Epaminondae, nihil videmur debere praetermittere, quod pertineat ad eam declarandam, Nep.: quod vix credendum sit tantas res tam breviter potuisse declarari, Nep. -
17 alienus
1. aliēnus, a, um (alius), Adi. m. Compar. u. Superl., in vielen Bedeutungen dem gr. ἀλλότριος entsprechend (vgl. Passows gr. Wörterb. in v.), einem andern, gehörig, -eigen, fremd (Ggstz. meus, tuus, suus, proprius), I) eig.: 1) im allg.: puer, Ter.: servus, Quint.: coniunx, Hor.: aedes (Plur.), Ter.: domus, Cic.: pecuniae, Cic.: aes alienum, fremdes, entlehntes Geld, Schulden (s. aes no. II, B, 2, a), Cic.: nomina, fremde, von andern gemachte Schulden, Sall.: mos, Ter.: opes, Cic.: pavor, fremde, d.i. der andern Furcht, Liv.: aber metu alieno, aus Furcht vor andern, Ter.: alienis pedibus ambulare, Plin.: edicta alieno formare ingenio, Suet.: cum aliena est oratio, wenn ein anderer das Wort hat, Plaut.: alienis mensibus aestas, in fremden Monaten (d.i. in den Wintermonaten), Verg. – sternitur infelix alieno vulnere, durch die einem andern zugedachte Wunde, Verg. – m. Dat., sacerdotium genti conditoris haud alienum, Liv. 1, 20, 3. – subst., aliēnum, ī, n., a) fremdes Gut od. Eigentum (Ggstz. suum), alieni appetens, sui profusus, Sall.: largiri ex alieno, auf anderer Kosten Freigebigkeit üben, Cic., de alieno, Liv. u. Iustin.: ex alieno praedari, Liv. – b) f remder Grund u. Boden, in alieno aedificium exstruere, Cic.: furor aliena vastandi, Sen.: aliena pervadere molienti, fremdes Gebiet (im Ggstz. zum römischen), Amm. – c) fremde————Angelegenheit, qui negat quicquam deos nec alieni curare nec sui? Cic. de div. 2, 104: u. so Plur. = fremde Angelegenheiten, fremde Interessen, aliena curare, Ter. heaut. 76: aliena diiudicare, ibid. 504. – 2) insbes.: a) jmdm. seiner Familie od. seiner Person od. seiner Heimat nach fremd, α) der Familie, Verwandtschaft od. Person nach fremd, fernstehend, jmd. nichts angehend, ihm nicht verwandt, nicht angehörig (Ggstz. meus, tuus, suus u. propinquus, affinis, sanguine coniunctus, amicus, familiaris, familiaris et necessarius), absol., ille si me alienus affinem volet, Ter.: heres alienior, Cic.: homines alienissimi, wildfremde, Cic. Phil. 10, 10. – m. Dat., non alienus sanguine regibus, Liv.: mihi non alienus, Fronto. – m. ab u. Abl., humani nihil a me alienum puto, Ter. heaut. 77: alienissimus a Clodio, Cic. – u. (wie ἀλλότριος) m. Genet. (s. Deder. Dict. 2, 5), non alieni generis sui, Dict.: non alienus Pelei, Dict. – subst., aliēnus, ī, m., der Fremde, cives potiores quam peregrini, propinqui quam alieni, Cic.: in longinquos in propinquos, in alienos in suos irruebat, Cic.: neu malis alienos adiungere, quam sanguine coniunctos retinere, Sall.: etiam alienissimis in capitis periculis amicissimorum officia et studia praestamus, Cic.: se suaque omnia alienissimis crediderunt, wildfremden Leuten, Caes. b.G. 6, 31, 4. – β) der Heimat nach jmdm. fremd, ausländisch, Graeca nomina aut aliena, Plin.:————arbor ex alieno petita orbe, Plin.: domi atque in patria mallem, quam in externis atque alienis locis, Cic. – v. Pers. subst., aliēnus, ī, m., der Fremde, der Ausländer, tot linguae, tanta loquendi varietas, ut externus alieno paene non sit hominis vice, Plin.: hic apud me cenant alieni novem, Plaut. – b) dem Körper od. dem Geiste fremd, entfremdet, α) dem Körper, abgestorben quantum eius (ossis) alienum est, Scrib. 201. – β) dem Geiste, verwirrt, verrückt, facient alienos, deliros, Firm. math. 3, 6. – c) der physischen Beschaffenheit nach fremdartig, widrig, fit quoque, ut (nebula) in nostrum cum venit denique caelum, corrumpat reddatque sui simile atque alienum (uns widrig), Lucr.: alienus odor opplet nares, Varr. – neutr. plur. aliena subst., das Fremdartige, der fremdartige Stoff (= das aus der Mischung fremdartiger Bestandteile entstandene Trübe des Weines), Hor. sat. 2, 4, 57. – II) übtr.: a) v. Pers.: α) der Meinung, Ansicht nach einem andern gleichs. angehörig, von einem andern abhängig, nicht selbständig, nicht auf eigenen Füßen stehend (Ggstz. suus), in physicis totus alienus est, Cic. de fin. 1, 17. – β) der Gesinnung, Denkart, Neigung u. Lebensart nach einer Person od. Sache fremd, entfremdet, abgeneigt, nicht befreundet, feindselig, verfeindet, gegen sie ungünstig gestimmt, gleichgültig (Ggstz. amicus, familiaris, coniunctus), voluntates populi, Cic.: homo,————Cic.: ex alienissimis sociis amicissimos reddere, Cic.: neque solum illis aliena mens erat, nicht bloß bei jenen herrschte eine feindselige Gesinnung, Sall. – m. ab u. Abl., alienus ab alqo od. ab alqa re animus, Cic.: si est a me alienior, Cic.: homo non alienus a litteris, ein des Schriftwesens nicht unkundiger (im Schriftwesen nicht unbewanderter) Mann (zugleich mit dem Doppelsinn: ein dem Brieftragen nicht fremder M.), Cic.: numquam a poëtice alienus fui, Plin. ep. – m. Dat., alienus alci animus (Ggstz. animus in alqm pronior), Tac.: ambitioni alienus Ggstz. familiaris otio et litteris), Sen.: domus his aliena malis, solcherlei Ränken (Getreibe) abgeneigt, Hor. – m. Genet. (s. die Auslgg. zu Ov. fast. 1, 196), domus non aliena consilii, dem Pl. nicht fremd, dem Pl. befreundet, Sall.: ioci non alienus, kein Feind vom Scherz, Ov. – subst., vel alienissimus rusticae vitae, auch der abgesagteste Feind des Landlebens, Col. 3, 21, 3. – b) v. Lebl. (konkr. u. abstr. Ggstdn.), fremd, fremdartig, dem eigenen Wesen od. der Beschaffenheit, dem Zustande, dem Zwecke, den Verhältnissen nicht entsprechend, widerstrebend, ungewohnt, ungeeignet, ungehörig. unpassend, unangemessen, unzuträglich, nachteilig, mit etw. unvereinbar, α) absol.: malis ridere alienis, mit verstellten Mienen, mephistophelesartig, höhnisch lachen, Hor. sat. 2, 3, 72 (u. dazu Krüger u. Fritzsche): ali-————eno gaudia vultu semper erant, das Weinen war dir näher als das Lachen, Val. Flacc. 8, 164. – hanc rem tractare non alieno loco videor, Quint. – alieno loco (Gelände) proelium committere, Caes. – alienā, alieniore aetate, Plaut. u. Ter.: alieno tempore, zur Unzeit, Cic. u. Liv. (Ggstz. suo tempore, Varr.). – suo alienoque Marte pugnare, nach gewohnter u. ungewohnter Art, Liv. – aliena verba, uneigentliche (Ggstz. propria). Cic.; u. verb. translata et aliena verba, Cic. (vgl. Cic. de or. 3, 157 u. or. 80): cetera ex prosae orationis usu alieniora praetermisimus, Gell. – u. non alienum est m. folg. Infinit., es ist nicht unzweckmäßig, unzuträglich (s. Heusinger Cic. off. 1, 8), sponte vomere non alienum est, Cels.: u. so sed non alienum est (es ist nicht ungehörig, ungeeignet) rationem huius verbi faciendi Zenonis exponere, Cic.: non alienum esse videtur proponere de etc., Caes.: cuius victoriae non alienum videtur quale praemium sit tributum docere, Nep.: non alienum esse arbitror breviter explicare, quae mihi sit ratio etc., Cic. – neutr. plur. subst. = nicht zur Sache Gehöriges, Fremdartiges, Ungehöriges, aliena ac nihil profutura petere, Sall.: aliena dicere (Ggstz. dicere quod causae prosit), Cic.: aliena loqui, Ungehöriges schwatzen, Unsinn reden (v. Wahnsinnigen). Cels. u. Ov. – β) m. ab u. Abl.: navigationis labor alienus non ab aetate solum nostra, verum etiam a dignitate, Cic.: dolor————(est) motus asper in corpore alienus a sensibus, dem Gefühle widerstrebend, Cic.: sententia non crudelis, sed aliena a re publica nostra, Sall. – γ) m. bl. Abl.: aut suā personā aut tempore alienum, Cic.: alienum sibi videri dignitate imperii, Cic.: illud autem alterum alienum esse existimatione meā Cibyratas imperio meo publice venari, Cic.: indignum et alienum maiestate populi Romani videtur m. folg. Akk. u. Infin., Val. Max. – δ) m. Dat.: cibi stomacho non alieni (nicht unzuträgliche), Cels.: alienissimo sibi loco, contra opportunissimo hostibus conflixit, Nep.: exemplum temporibus suis accommodatissimum, meis alienissimum rationibus, Cic.: quod maxime huic causae est alienum, Cic. – u. zugl. m. folg. Infin., moveri et ambulare nisi sanis alienum est, Cels.: non putavi alienum esse meis institutis haec ad te scribere, Cic. – ε) m. Genet, (s. die Auslegg. zu Ov. fast. 1, 196), aliarum rerum aliena, unvereinbar mit andern Erscheinungen, beispiellos, Lucr.: omnia quae essent aliena firmae et constantis assensionis a virtute sapientiaque removit, Cic. – u. zugl. m. folg. Infin., quis alienum putet eius esse dignitatis, quam mihi quisque tribuit, quid in omni munere vitae optimum et verissimum sit exquirere, Cic. – ζ) m. ad u. Akk.: nihil mihi turpius apud homines fuisset, neque vero ad istam ipsam ἀσφάλειαν quicquam alienius (zweckwidriger), Cic. ad Att. 2, 19, 4: ad committendum————proelium alienum esse tempus arbitratus, Caes. b.G. 4, 34, 2: omnium autem rerum nec aptius est quicquam ad opes tuendas quam diligi, nec alienius quam timeri, Cic. de off. 2, 23. -
18 confiteor
cōn-fiteor, fessus sum, ērī (con u. fateor), eingestehen, zugestehen, gestehen (Ggstz. infitiari), I) eig.: 1) im allg.: ignosce, orat confitetur purgat, Ter.: hic ego non solum confiteor, sed etiam profiteor, Cic. fr.: tacendo loqui, non infitiando confiteri videbantur, Cic.: reus confitens (der geständige), Cic.: confessae manus, die sich durch ihre bittende Haltung für überwunden erklären, Ov. met. 5, 215. – m. Ang. wem? gegen wen? durch Dat., Nicomacho confessus, Curt. – mit Ang. was? durch Acc., peccatum suum (Ggstz. celare p. s.), Curt.: facinus, Curt.: hoc crimen, novum crimen, Cic.: quid confitetur, atque ita libenter confitetur, ut non solum fateri (zu bekennen), sed etiam profiteri (frei herauszusagen) videatur? Cic.: u. zugleich mit Ang. wem? durch Dat., amorem nutrici, Ov.: amorem patris nutrici, Quint. – od. durch dopp. Acc., se victos, Caes.: se imperitum, Quint.: causam Caesaris meliorem, Quint. – od. durch Acc. u. Infin., multa se ignorare, Cic.: me abs te cupisse laudari aperte atque ingenue confitebar, Cic.: cui debere (me) salutem confiteor, Ov.: vinci se confitentur, sie erklären sich für besiegt, Plin. – u. zugl. mit Ang. in betreff wessen? durch de u. Abl., aliquid de veneno, Cic.: hoc de statuis, Cic.: summam infirmitatem de se, Quint. – u. bl. m. Ang. in betreff wessen? durch de u. Abl., de se, Cic.: de maleficio,————Cic.: de patriae parricidio, Cic.: de caede alcis, Tac. – Partic. Perf. confessus, a, um, a) aktiv = der sein Verbrechen, seine Schuld eingestanden hat, geständig, gladiatores c., Cic.: quinque homines comprehensi atque confessi, Cic.: c. in iudicio reus, ICt.: c. reus, Phaedr. u. Ov.: pro confesso haberi, als g. angesehen werden, ICt.: de confessis (civibus), sicut de manifestis (überführten) rerum capitalium more maiorum supplicium sumere, Sall.: nunc ab nobis et confessio culpae exprimitur, et ut a confessis res extemplo repetuntur, Liv. – b) passiv = eingestanden, aes (Schuld) confessum, XII tabb. b. Gell. 15, 13, 11 u. 20, 1, 45: ut omnes intellegant, quam improbam quam manifestam, quam confessam rem pecuniā redimere conetur, Cic. Verr. 3, 130. – später übh. allgemein zugestanden, -eingeräumt, anerkannt, ausgemacht, unzweifelhaft (Ggstz. controversus, controversiosus, dubius; vgl. Burmann Phaedr. 4, 25, 22), quasi confessa nec dubia signa, Col.: c. hostium obsequia, Plin, pan. – u. subst., confessum, ī, n., in den Kasus obliqu., in confessum venire, allgemein zugestanden werden, Plin. ep.: ad liquidum confessumque perducere omnia, Quint.: in confesso esse, unzweifelhaft sein, zB. horum merita in confesso sunt, Sen.: ebenso quod apud me in confesso est m. folg. Acc. u. Infin., Vell., Plin. u. Tac.: ex confesso turpia esse, unzweifelhaft, Sen.: vita cervis in confesso (unzweifelhaft) longa est,————Plin.: ab alqo pro confesso et indubitato habitum esse, Lact. – u. im Plur., de confessis disserere, Plin.: adhuc versamur in confessis, Quint.: a confessis transeamus ad dubia, Sen. – 2) insbes. (bei den Eccl.) sich zu jmd. od. etw. bekennen, bes. preisend, lobend, dankend, Christum, Prud. perist. 5, 40: deum summum, Lact. 2, 1, 6: omne euangelium (Ggstz. negare unum euangelium), Tert. de cor. 11. – mit Dat., tibi, domine, Vulg. psalm. 137, 1: nomini tuo, ibid. 141, 8. – II) übtr., durch die Tat kundgeben, offenbaren, zu erkennen (zu verstehen) geben, se, Ov.: deam (sich als G.), Verg.: suam inscientiam, Quint.: vultibus iram, Ov.: motum animi lacrimis, Quint.: admirationem suam non acclamatione tantum, sed etiam plausu, Quint. – m. folg. Acc. u. Infin., sublatis oculis agitatoque corpore vivere se confitetur, Plin. ep.: praeterito tempore varie formari verba ipsa analogia confitetur, Quint. – ⇒ Parag. Infin. Praes. confiterier, Plaut, cist. 170. – Akt. Fut. confitebimus, Itala (Psalt. Ver.) psalm. 78, 3.Ausführliches Lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch > confiteor
-
19 declaro
dē-clāro, āvī, ātum, āre = ἀποφαίνω, deutlich an den Tag geben, deutlich kundgeben od. -tun, deutlich offenbaren, I) eig.: a) durch ein Zeichen usw.: praesentiam saepe divi suam declarant; ut et apud Regillum bello Latinorum... in nostra acie Castor et Pollux ex equis pugnare visi sunt, Cic. de nat. deor. 2, 6. – m. Dat. wem? tabellarius ducis nave declaratā suis eodem, unde erat egressus, se recepit, Nep. Hann. 11, 2. – mit Abl. wodurch? nec potest aetas (cervorum) discerni, sed dentibus senecta declaratur, Plin. 8, 116. – b) durch Worte kund und zu wissen tun, öffentlich erklären, öffentlich verkündigen, α) jmd. als einen, bes. als einen Magistrat (einen Konsul usw.) öffentlich erklären (von der die Wahl leitenden Magistratsperson und von den Wählenden selbst); dann aber auch, wie renuntiare, nach der Erklärung durch den Präko als gewählt öffentlich verkünden od. ausrufen lassen, m. dopp. Acc., alqm consulem, Cic.: me unā voce universus populus Romanus consulem declaravit, Cic.: quos populus proximis comitiis ingenti consensu alterum consulem alterum praetorem declaravit, Liv.: victorem magnā praeconis voce Cloanthum declarat, Verg. – im Passiv m. dopp. Nom., eiusdem hominis voce et declaratus consul et defensus, Cic.: consules declarati P. Scipio Nasica, L. Bestia, Sall.: tanto consensu, quanto haud————quisquam alius ante, rex est declaratus, Liv.: ex quo die est dux declaratus, Liv. – β) eine Feierlichkeit dem Volke als bevorstehend, Rupae studium non defuit declarandorum munerum tuo nomine, Cic. ep. 2, 3, 1.II) übtr., deutlich zu erkennen (zu verstehen) geben, deutlich angeben, deutlich zeigen od. anzeigen od. bezeichnen, klar darlegen, motivieren, klar od. deutlich ausdrücken, deutlich offenbaren, a) übh.: α) m. Acc.: hoc saepius dicendum tibique non significandum solum, sed etiam declarandum arbitror, Cic.: ipsa consolatio litterarum tuarum declarat summam benevolentiam, Cic.: non manus solum, sed nutus quoque declarant nostram voluntatem, Quint. – m. Abl. wodurch? Cilicum et Pisidarum gens volatibus avium cantibusque ut certissimis signis declarari res futuras putant, Cic.: declarant gaudia vultu, Catull. – mit in (in, bei) u. Abl., fuit (Iphicrates) bonus civis fideque magnā; quod cum in aliis rebus declaravit, tum maxime in Amyntae Macedonis liberis tuendis, Nep. – mit dopp. Acc., se fortibus factis dignum tantae maiestatis infulis declaravit, Treb. Poll. Gallien. 10, 1. – β) m. folg. Acc. u. Infin.: hominem catum eum esse declaramus, erklären ihn für usw., Plaut.: quae (vox) declarat illum et in solitudine secum loqui solitum, Cic.: quod plurimis locis perorationes nostrae voluisse nos atque animo contendisse declarant,————Cic. – γ) mit folg. indir. Fragesatz: quae (consuetudo cotidianae vitae) cuiusque ingenium ut sit declarat maxime, Ter.: totum id, quod quaerimus, quid et quale sit verbi vis ipsa declarat, Cic.: qui declaravit, quanti me faceret, Cic. – m. Abl. wodurch? ut matres familiae eorum (Germanorum) sortibus et vaticinationibus declararent, utrum proelium committi ex usu esset necne, Caes. – δ) absol. (vgl. Garatoni Cic. Mil. 5, 14), res declarat, Cic.: ut ratio declarat eorum, qui etc., Lucr.: declarant huius ambusti tribuni plebis illae intermortuae contiones, Cic. – b) einen Wortbegriff deutlich ausdrücken, -bezeichnen, nullum (verbum) inveniri potest, quod magis idem declaret Latine, quod Graece ἡδονή, quam declarat voluptas, Cic.: ›oportere‹ enim perfectionem declarat officii, quo et semper utendum est et omnibus, Cic.: propter cuius syllabae sonum declarandum nova reperta est littera, Gell.: quae (littera C) inversa mulierem declarat ( nämlich= Caia), Quint.: verba quam maxime apta, id est, rem declarantia, Cic.: verba idem declarantia, gleichbedeutende W., Synonyma, Cic. – c) durch die Darstellung in ein helles Licht setzen, aufhellen, klar darlegen, cum autem exprimere imaginem consuetudinis atque vitae velimus Epaminondae, nihil videmur debere praetermittere, quod pertineat ad eam declarandam, Nep.: quod vix credendum sit tantas res tam breviter potuisse declarari,
————Nep. -
20 confessi
confĭtĕor, fessus, 2 (arch. inf. confiterier, Plaut. Cist. 1, 3, 22), v. dep. [fateor], to acknowledge, confess, own, avow (an error, mistake, or a fact previously denied or doubted, etc., implying a sacrifice of will or a change of conviction; while fateor expresses a simple acknowledgment, and profiteor a voluntary avowal), to concede, allow, grant (class. in prose and poetry):I.quid confitetur, atque ita libenter confitetur, ut non solum fateri sed etiam profiteri videatur?
Cic. Caecin. 9, 24; cf.: hic ego non solum confiteor, verum etiam profiteor, id. Fragm. ap. Non. p. 434, 30:tacendo loqui, non infitiando confiteri videbantur,
id. Sest. 18, 40.In gen.(α).With acc.:(β).et genus et divitias meas,
Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 52:peccatum suum,
Cic. N. D. 2, 4, 11:amorem nutrici,
Ov. M. 14, 703; cf.:amorem patris nutrici,
Quint. 9, 2, 64:crimen,
Curt. 6, 11, 31:facinus,
id. 8, 8, 2: singula, * Cat. 86, 2: se, to make one's self known (sc. Jovem), Ov. M. 3, 2; cf.deam,
Verg. A. 2, 591.—With two accs.:se victos, Cacs. B. C. 1, 84: se imperitum,
Quint. 1, 10, 19:causam Caesaris meliorem,
id. 5, 11, 42:hoc de statuis,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 60, § 149:summam infirmitatem de se,
Quint. 2, 4, 28:de se quid voluerit,
id. 8, 4, 23.—With acc. and inf.:(γ).hoc confiteor jure mi obtigisse,
Ter. And. 3, 5, 1; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 97; 5, 3, 12:me abs te cupisse laudari aperte atque ingenue confitebar,
Cic. Fam. 5, 2, 2; 1, 9, 18; id. N. D. 1, 7, 44; Lucr. 1, 271; 1, 826; 2, 691 al.; Quint. 2, 17, 19; 11, 1, 85; Suet. Caes. 52 et saep.—Absol.:(δ).ut eampse vos audistis confiterier,
Plaut. Cist. 1, 3, 22; Ter. Heaut. 5, 3, 13; id. Phorm. 5, 9 (8), 46:confitentem audire Torquatum,
Cic. Fin. 2, 7, 21; Ov. M. 2, 52; 13, 270; Curt. 6, 11, 14; Tac. A. 11, 28:vere,
Ov. R. Am. 318; cf.:confessae manus,
i. e. confessing defeat, id. M. 5, 215.—With de:b.de maleficio,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 41, 119; so id. ib. 42, 123; Tac. A. 14, 59; cf. supra, a fin. —Part. perf.: confessus, a, um, in a pass. signif.: aes, Lex XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 15, 13, 11, and 20, 1, 45; Dig. 42, 1, 15; v. under P. a.—Hence,II.Esp., after the Aug. per., sometimes, to reveal, manifest, make known, show.(α).With acc.:(β).confessa vultibus iram,
Ov. M. 6, 35:motum animi sui lacrimis,
Quint. 6, 1, 23:admirationem suam plausu,
id. 8, 3, 3; 9, 4, 39:cupidinem coëundi,
id. 1, 28, 2. —With acc. and inf., Quint. 1, 6, 15; 4, 2, 122; Plin. Ep. 3, 14, 3; Pall. Jun. 7, 6.—III.In eccl. writers, to confess, own, acknowledge: Christum, Prud. steph. 5, 40.— With dat.:1.tibi, Domine,
Vulg. Psa. 137, 1:nomini tuo,
id. ib. 141, 8.— Absol., Cypr. Ep. 15.— confessus, a, um, P. a.Act., confessing, that has acknowledged, pleaded guilty, etc.:2.reus,
Ov. P. 2, 2, 56:in judicio reus,
Dig. 48, 4, 4, § 1.— Subst.: confessi, ōrum, m., criminals who have confessed their guilt:de confessis supplicium sumere,
Sall. C. 52, 36.—Pass., lit., acknowledged; hence, undoubted, evident, certain, incontrovertible (most freq. in the post-Aug. per.):ut omnes intellegant, quam improbam, quam manifestam, quam confessam rem pecuniā redimere conetur,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 56, § 130:confessā in re,
Plin. 7, 49, 50, § 164; 20, 11, 45, § 116.—Esp., subst.: confessum, i, n., an undoubted, certain, acknowledged thing, matter:a confessis transeamus ad dubiā,
Sen. Q. N. 2, 21, 1:adhuc versamur in confessis,
Quint. 7, 1, 48:de confessis disserere,
Plin. 10, 49, 70, § 138 al. —Hence the phrases:ex confesso,
confessedly, beyond doubt, Quint. 3, 5, 3; Sen. Ep. 76, 12:in confesso esse,
to be notorious, everywhere known, id. Ben. 3, 11, 2; id. Brev. Vit. 2, 3; id. Q. N. 2, 22, 2; Vell. 2, 85, 4; Plin. 35, 8, 34, § 54; Tac. Or. 25; 27:vita cervis in confesso longa est,
Plin. 8, 32, 50, § 191; Amm. 21, 1, 3:in confessum venire,
to be generally acknowledged, be well known, Plin. Ep. 10, 81 (85), 8; cf.:ad liquidum confessumque perducere omnia,
Quint. 5, 14, 28:pro confesso habere aliquid,
Lact. 2, 8.
См. также в других словарях:
PARADISUS — I. PARADISUS apud recentiores Scriptores, atrium est porticibus circumdatum ante aedes sacras. ex Graeco Παράδεισος, qui ab Hesychio definitur τόπος εν ᾧ παριπάτοι, locus porticibus et deambulatoriis circumdatus, Gallis vero Parvis. Hâc notione… … Hofmann J. Lexicon universale
Liste de locutions latines — Cet article contient une liste de locutions latines présentée par ordre alphabétique. Pour des explications morphologiques et linguistiques générales, consulter l article : Expression latine. Sommaire A B … … Wikipédia en Français
MYSTERIUM — Graeca vox, paganis olim frequens, nec Scripturis Patribusque ignota. Origo nominis Hebraica, satar enim eccultare est: Mistar, aut Mister est res obscondita, secretum. Graeci Grammatici etymon varie explicant, Μυεῖν est arcanam doctrinam tradere … Hofmann J. Lexicon universale
TIBIA — I. TIBIA Phrygia, in universum sic dicta, Suidas: Τιβία. Φρυγία ὅλη. Vide Palmer. p. 575. II. TIBIA instrumentum maxime ὀργιαςικὸν καὶ παθητικὸν, Atistoteli in Politicis, et Appuleio Miles. l. 5. qui proin, uti loqui de cithara, canere de choro,… … Hofmann J. Lexicon universale
DIVINATIO — Graecis Μαντεία vel Μαντικὴ, (nempe ut volunt a μανία, quia causa sit externa incorporeaque ac ut Gentes putarunt divina; quo nomine etiam Daemones complectebantur) Platoni definitiur ἐπιςτήμη προδηλωτικὴ, πράξεως ἄνευ ἀποδείξεως, Scientia… … Hofmann J. Lexicon universale
PSITTACUS — pluchritudinis inter aves primas tulit, a Statio, l. 2. Sylv. 4. Epicedio in Psittacum Melioris Atedii, ubi psittacum iungens Pavoni ac Phasiano ait, v. 25. Psittacus ille plagae viridis regnator Eoae, Quem non gemmata volucris Funonia caudâ… … Hofmann J. Lexicon universale
List of Latin phrases (N) — This page lists direct English translations of Latin phrases, such as veni vidi vici and et cetera. Some of the phrases are themselves translations of Greek phrases, as Greek rhetoric and literature reached its peak centuries before that of… … Wikipedia
MANUS — I. MANUS apud Quintilianum l. 5. c. 13. Ut gladiatorum manus, quae secundae vocantur, fiunt et tertiae, si prima ad evocandum adversarii ictum prolata erat, et quartae, si geminata captatio est, ut bis cavere bis repetere oportuerit: sunt… … Hofmann J. Lexicon universale
OBSIGNATORES — iidem qui Signatores, apud Cicer. ad Attic. l. 12. Ep. 18. Quod scribis, Terentiam de Obsignatoribus mei Testamenti loqui. Et in Orat. pro Cluent. Oppianicus Obsignatores ad eum, qui neque asinium, neque Aiulum nôssent, adducit: Testes dicti sunt … Hofmann J. Lexicon universale
MIMUS — sermonis est cuiuslibet seu facti, cum lascivia, imitatio, finitore Diomede: unde Pantomimi, omnium rerum imitatores; et Archimimi, mimorum principes dicti sunt. Vide Scalig. Poet. l. 1. c. 10. Nomen Pantomimi primus usurpavit Pylades, ex Asia… … Hofmann J. Lexicon universale
Devises des maisons souveraines et grands personnages — Devises des maisons souveraines, des familles et des grands personnages historiques et contemporains Sommaire 1 Souverains 1.1 Allemagne 1.2 Autriche 1.3 Angleterre … Wikipédia en Français
